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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §3.13.1-3.13.4

Ratification of the Terms and Selection of the Triplets

Passage 181 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Both armies ratify the peace terms proposed by the generals, triggering intense rivalry among the soldiers to be chosen as combatants. Fufetius, the Alban general, decides to entrust the duel to the triplet brothers of the Horatii and Curiatii, who were born under divine providence, and invites the Roman king to a conference.

§3.13.1ἔπειτα καλέσαντες εἰς ἐκκλησίαν τὰς δυνάμεις ἀμφοτέρας οἱ στρατηγοὶ διεξῆλθον ἅ τε διελέχθησαν αὐτοὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλους καὶ ἐφʼ οἷς συνέθεντο καταλύσασθαι τὸν πόλεμον.
Then, having called both forces to an assembly, the generals explained in detail both what they themselves had discussed with one another and on what terms they had agreed to end the war.
ἐπικυρωσάντων δὲ τῶν στρατευμάτων ἀμφοτέρων κατὰ πολλὴν εὐδόκησιν τὰς τῶν στρατηγῶν ὁμολογίας, θαυμαστὴ μετὰ τοῦτο κατεῖχε φιλοτιμία καὶ λοχαγοὺς καὶ στρατιώτας πολλῶν πάνυ προθυμουμένων ἐξενέγκασθαι τὰ τῆς μάχης ἀριστεῖα καὶ οὐ λόγῳ σπουδαζόντων μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔργῳ φιλοτιμίας ἀποδεικνυμένων, ὥστε χαλεπὴν γενέσθαι τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν αὐτῶν τὴν τῶν ἐπιτηδειοτάτων διάγνωσιν.
And when both armies had ratified with great satisfaction the agreements of the generals, a wondrous rivalry after this possessed both the captains and the soldiers, very many being eager to carry off the prizes of valor in the battle and showing their ambition not in words only, but also in deeds, so that it became difficult for their leaders to distinguish the most fit.
§3.13.2εἰ γάρ τις ἦν ἢ πατέρων ἐπιφανείᾳ λαμπρὸς ἢ σώματος ῥώμῃ διαπρεπὴς ἢ πράξει τῇ κατὰ χεῖρα γενναῖος ἢ κατʼ ἄλλην τινὰ τύχην ἢ τόλμαν ἐπίσημος ἑαυτὸν ἠξίου τάττειν πρῶτον ἐν τοῖς τρισί.
For if anyone was illustrious by the nobility of his ancestors, or distinguished for the strength of his body, or brave in hand-to-hand action, or eminent for any other fortune or daring, he thought himself worthy to be placed first among the three.
§3.13.3ταύτην ἐπὶ πολὺ χωροῦσαν ἐν ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς στρατεύμασι τὴν φιλοτιμίαν ὁ τῶν Ἀλβανῶν ἔπαυσε στρατηγὸς ἐνθυμηθείς, ὅτι θεία τις πρόνοια ἐκ πολλοῦ προορωμένη τὸν μέλλοντα συμβήσεσθαι ταῖς πόλεσιν ἀγῶνα τοὺς προκινδυνεύσοντας ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν κατεσκεύασε γενέσθαι οἴκων τε οὐκ ἀφανῶν καὶ τὰ πολέμια ἀγαθοὺς ὀφθῆναί τε καλλίστους καὶ οὐ γενέσεως ὁμοίας τοῖς πολλοῖς μετειληφότας, ἀλλὰ σπανίου καὶ θαυμαστῆς διὰ τὸ παράδοξον.
The general of the Albans put an end to this rivalry, which was spreading far in both armies, having reflected that a divine providence, foreseeing from afar the contest that was to happen to the cities, had prepared those who were to run the risk on their behalf to be born of illustrious houses, to be brave in war, and most beautiful to look upon, and to have shared not in a birth similar to the multitude, but in one rare and wondrous because of its extraordinary nature.
§3.13.4Ὁρατίῳ γάρ τινι Ῥωμαίῳ καὶ Κορατίῳ τὸ γένος Ἀλβανῷ κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν χρόνον ἐνεγγύησε θυγατέρας διδύμους Σικίνιος Ἀλβανός.
For a certain Alban named Sicinius had betrothed his twin daughters at the same time, one to a certain Roman named Horatius, and the other to Curiatius, an Alban by birth.
τούτοις ἀμφοτέροις αἱ γυναῖκες ἐγκύμονες ἅμα γενόμεναι, τὰς πρωτοτόκους ἐκφέρουσι γονὰς ἄρρενα βρέφη τρίδυμα, καὶ αὐτὰ οἱ γεινάμενοι πρὸς οἰωνοῦ λαβόντες ἀγαθοῦ καὶ πόλει καὶ οἴκῳ τῷ σφετέρῳ τρέφουσιν ἅπαντα καὶ τελειοῦσιν·
The wives of both these men, becoming pregnant at the same time, brought forth in their first labor male children, three at a birth; and their parents, taking this as a good omen both for their city and for their own house, reared them all and brought them to manhood.
θεὸς δʼ αὐτοῖς, ὥσπερ κατʼ ἀρχὰς ἔφην, δίδωσι κάλλος τε καὶ ῥώμην καὶ δὴ καὶ ψυχῆς γενναιότητα μηδενὸς τῶν ἄριστα πεφυκότων χείροσι γενέσθαι.
And a deity, as I said at the beginning, gave them beauty, strength, and, moreover, nobility of soul, so that they were inferior to none of those who are most excellently endowed by nature.
τούτοις ἔγνω τοῖς ἀνδράσιν ὁ Φουφέττιος ἐπιτρέπειν τὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡγεμονίας ἀγῶνα καὶ προκαλεσάμενος εἰς λόγους τὸν βασιλέα τῶν Ῥωμαίων λέγει πρὸς αὐτόν·
Fufetius decided to entrust the contest for the hegemony to these men, and having invited the king of the Romans to a conference, he spoke to him as follows:

Notes

  1. §3.13.1ἐφʼ οἷς — A combination of the preposition `ἐπί` and the relative pronoun `οἷς` (neuter plural) with its antecedent omitted, equivalent to `ἐπὶ τούτοις ἅ` ('on the terms which' or 'on what conditions'). It refers to the specific conditions agreed upon for ending the war.
  2. §3.13.1πολλῶν πάνυ προθυμουμένων — Genitive absolute construction. It introduces `πολλῶν` ('very many') as a subject distinct from the main clause's subject (`φιλοτιμία`), explaining their mental state and behavior as a causal or circumstantial background. The subsequent participles `σπουδαζόντων` and `ἀποδεικνυμένων` also agree with `πολλῶν`.
  3. §3.13.3γενέσεως ὁμοίας τοῖς πολλοῖς μετειληφότας — The participle `μετειληφότας` (from `μεταλαμβάνω`, 'to partake of/share in') governs the genitive `γενέσεως` ('birth/origin'). The adjective `ὁμοίας` ('similar') takes the dative `τοῖς πολλοῖς` ('the multitude/ordinary people'), meaning 'a birth similar to that of the multitude.'
  4. §3.13.4μηδενὸς τῶν ἄριστα πεφυκότων χείροσι γενέσθαι — The comparative adjective `χείροσι` (dative plural of `χείρων`, 'inferior', agreeing with `αὐτοῖς` which refers to the recipients of the divine gifts) governs the genitive of comparison `μηδενὸς` ('than no one'). The infinitive `γενέσθαι` expresses result or qualification.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §3.13.1-3.13.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:3.13.1-3.13.4

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