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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §2.52.1-2.52.5

The Murder of Tatius in Lavinium and His Burial

Passage 143 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Describes the conflict between Romulus and Tatius over the punishment of the murderers, the two different accounts of Tatius' murder in Lavinium, and his subsequent honorable burial in Rome.

§2.52.1Ῥωμύλῳ μὲν οὖν δεινόν, ὥσπερ ἦν, τὸ περὶ τοὺς πρεσβευτὰς ἐφαίνετο πάθος καὶ ταχείας ἀφοσιώσεως δεόμενον, ὡς ἱεροῦ καταλυομένου νόμου.
To Romulus, then, the treatment of the envoys appeared, as indeed it was, a heinous thing and one demanding swift expiation, as if a sacred law were being violated.
καὶ οὐδὲν ἔτι διαμελλήσας, ὡς εἶδεν ὀλιγωροῦντα τὸν Τάτιον αὐτὸς συνέλαβε τοὺς ἐνόχους τῷ ἄγει καὶ §2.52.2δήσας παρέδωκε τοῖς πρεσβευταῖς ἀπάγειν.
Without any further delay, when he saw that Tatius was negligent, he himself arrested those guilty of the pollution and, having bound them, delivered them to the envoys to lead away.
Τατίῳ δὲ θυμός τε εἰσέρχεται τῆς ὕβρεως, ἣν ὑπὸ τοῦ συνάρχοντος ᾐτιᾶτο ὑβρίσθαι κατὰ τὴν παράδοσιν τῶν ἀνδρῶν, καὶ οἶκτος τῶν ἀπαγομένων ʽἦν γὰρ καὶ συγγενής τις αὐτοῦ τῷ ἄγει ἔνοχοσʼ καὶ αὐτίκα τοὺς στρατιώτας ἀναλαβὼν ἐβοήθει διὰ τάχους ἐν ὁδῷ τε ὄντας τοὺς πρέσβεις καταλαβὼν ἀφείλετο τοὺς §2.52.3ἀπαγομένους.
But Tatius was seized with anger at the insult which he claimed to have suffered from his colleague in the handing over of the men, and with pity for those who were being led away (for indeed one of his relatives was also guilty of the pollution); and immediately taking his soldiers, he hastened to their aid, and overtaking the envoys who were already on their way, he rescued those who were being led away.
χρόνου δὲ οὐ πολλοῦ διελθόντος, ὡς μέν τινες φασιν, ἅμα Ῥωμύλῳ παραγενόμενος εἰς τὸ Λαουίνιον ἕνεκα θυσίας, ἣν ἔδει τοῖς πατρῴοις θεοῖς ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως θῦσαι τοὺς βασιλεῖς, συστάντων ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τῶν ἑταίρων τε καὶ γένει προσηκόντων τοῖς ἀνῃρημένοις πρέσβεσιν ἐπὶ τῶν βωμῶν ταῖς μαγειρικαῖς σφαγίσι καὶ τοῖς βουπόροις ὀβελοῖς παιόμενος ἀποθνήσκει.
Not long after this, as some say, when Tatius had gone with Romulus to Lavinium for the sake of a sacrifice which the kings were obliged to offer to the ancestral gods on behalf of the state, the companions and relatives of the murdered envoys conspired against him, and he was killed near the altars, being struck with the sacrificial knives and the ox-spits.
§2.52.4ὡς δʼ οἱ περὶ Λικίννιον γράφουσιν οὐ μετὰ Ῥωμύλου παραγενόμενος οὐδὲ χάριν ἱερῶν, ἀλλὰ μόνος ὡς πείσων τοὺς ἀδικηθέντας ἀφεῖναι τοῖς δεδρακόσι τὴν ὀργήν, ἀγανακτήσαντος τοῦ πλήθους ἐπὶ τῷ μὴ παραδίδοσθαί σφισι τοὺς ἄνδρας, ὡς ὅ τε Ῥωμύλος ἐδικαίωσε καὶ ἡ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἔκρινε βουλή, καὶ τῶν προσηκόντων τοῖς τεθνεῶσι κατὰ πλῆθος ὁρμησάντων ἐπʼ αὐτόν, ἀδύνατος ὢν ἔτι διαφυγεῖν τὴν ἐκ χειρὸς δίκην καταλευσθεὶς ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ἀποθνήσκει.
But as those of the school of Licinius write, he had not gone with Romulus, nor for the sake of any sacred rites, but alone, intending to persuade the injured parties to remit their anger against the perpetrators. However, since the multitude was indignant that the men were not handed over to them as Romulus had decided and the Roman senate had decreed, and since the relatives of the deceased rushed upon him in a crowd, being unable to escape summary justice, he was stoned to death by them and died.
§2.52.5Τάτιος μὲν οὖν τοιαύτης τελευτῆς ἔτυχε τρία μὲν ἔτη πολεμήσας Ῥωμύλῳ, πέντε δὲ συνάρξας, θάπτεται δʼ εἰς Ῥώμην κομισθεὶς ἐντίμῳ ταφῇ καὶ χοὰς αὐτῷ καθʼ ἕκαστον ἐνιαυτὸν ἡ πόλις ἐπιτελεῖ δημοσίᾳ.
Tatius, then, met with such an end, having made war against Romulus for three years, and having ruled jointly with him for five; he was carried to Rome and buried with an honorable funeral, and the city performs libations to him publicly every year.

Notes

  1. 2.52.1ὡς ἱεροῦ καταλυομένου νόμου — The particle ὡς combined with the genitive absolute (ἱεροῦ καταλυομένου νόμου) marks the subjective reason or judgment of the main subject (Romulus). The verb καταλύω here means 'to violate', 'to render void', or 'to break'.
  2. 2.52.2ἣν ὑπὸ τοῦ συνάρχοντος ᾐτιᾶτο ὑβρίσθαι — The relative pronoun ἣν refers back to ὕβρεως. The verb ᾐτιᾶτο ('to allege, complain') governs the passive infinitive ὑβρίσθαι ('to have been insulted'), meaning 'the insult which he complained of having suffered at the hands of his colleague'.
  3. 2.52.4ὡς πείσων — The particle ὡς paired with the future participle (πείσων) indicates the subjective purpose or intention of the actor ('intending to persuade', 'in order to persuade').
  4. 2.52.4τὴν ἐκ χειρὸς δίκην — Literally 'justice from the hand', an idiomatic expression denoting immediate, summary punishment or lynch law carried out on the spot, bypassing formal judicial and legal procedures.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §2.52.1-2.52.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:2.52.1-2.52.5

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