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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §15.6.1-15.6.5

Samnite Persuasion and Neapolis's Vote for War

Passage 912 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Although the pro-Roman faction originally had the upper hand in the Neapolitan senate, the Samnites won over the populace with lavish promises of military and territorial rewards, leading to a violent clash in the assembly where the war faction triumphed and rejected the Roman embassy.

§15.6.1συναχθείσης δὲ τῆς βουλῆς καὶ πολλῶν ῥηθέντων ἐν αὐτῇ λόγων, οὓς αἵ τε πρεσβεῖαι διεξῆλθον καὶ οἱ συναγορεύοντες αὐταῖς, διέστησαν αἱ γνῶμαι τῶν συνέδρων, καὶ οἵ γε χαριέστατοι τὰ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἔδοξαν φρονεῖν.
When the senate had assembled and many arguments had been delivered in it, which the embassies and those who supported them set forth in detail, the opinions of the members were divided, and the most respectable seemed to favor the cause of the Romans.
§15.6.2ἐκείνην μὲν οὖν τὴν ἡμέραν οὐδὲν ἐξηνέχθη προβούλευμα, εἰς ἑτέραν δὲ πάλιν ἕδραν ἀναβληθείσης τῆς περὶ τῶν πρεσβειῶν διαγνώσεως, ἀφικόμενοι κατὰ πλῆθος εἰς τὴν Νεάπολιν Σαυνιτῶν οἱ δυνατώτατοι καὶ τοὺς προεστηκότας τῶν κοινῶν θεραπείαις τισὶν οἰκειωσάμενοι πείθουσι τὴν βουλὴν ἐπὶ τῷ δήμῳ ποιῆσαι τὴν τοῦ συμφέροντος αἵρεσιν.
On that day, therefore, no preliminary decree was brought forward, but the decision concerning the embassies was postponed to another session; then the most powerful of the Samnites, having arrived in great numbers at Neapolis and having won over those in charge of public affairs by certain courtings, persuaded the senate to place the choice of what was advantageous in the hands of the people.
§15.6.3καὶ παρελθόντες εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν πρῶτον μὲν τὰς ἑαυτῶν εὐεργεσίας διεξῄεσαν, ἔπειτα τῆς Ῥωμαίων πόλεως πολλὰ κατηγόρουν, ὡς ἀπίστου καὶ δολίου, τελευτῶντες δὲ τοῦ λόγου θαυμαστὰς ἐποιοῦντο τοῖς Νεαπολίταις ὑποσχέσεις, ἐὰν εἰς τὸν πόλεμον καταστῶσι, στρατιάν τε πέμψειν, ὅσης ἂν δέωνται, τὴν φυλάξουσαν αὐτῶν τὰ τείχη, καὶ ταῖς ναυσὶν ἐπιβάτας καὶ τὴν εἰρεσίαν ἅπασαν παρέξειν, οὐ μόνον καταγγέλλοντες τοῖς ἰδίοις στρατεύμασιν, ἀλλὰ κἀκείνοις ἁπάσας τὰς εἰς πόλεμον δαπάνας ἐπιχορηγοῦντες· §15.6.4ἀπωσαμένοις τε τὸ Ῥωμαϊκὸν στράτευμα Κύμην τʼ ἀνασώσειν, ἣν δευτέρᾳ γενεᾷ πρότερον ἐξελάσαντες τοὺς Κυμαίους Καμπανοὶ κατέσχον, καὶ συγκατάξειν ἐπὶ τὰ σφέτερα τοὺς περιόντας ἔτι Κυμαίων, οὓς οἱ Νεαπολῖται τῆς πατρίδος ἐκπεσόντας ὑπεδέξαντο καὶ πάντων ἐποιήσαντο κοινωνοὺς τῶν ἰδίων ἀγαθῶν, χώραν τε προσθήσειν τοῖς Νεαπολίταις, ἐξ ἧς οἱ Καμπανοὶ κατεῖχον πάνυ πολλήν.
And appearing before the assembly, they first recounted their own services in detail, then made many accusations against the city of the Romans, as being faithless and treacherous, and at the end of their speech made wonderful promises to the Neapolitans, if they should enter into the war: that they would send a force, as large as they might need, to guard their walls, and would provide marines and the entire rowing crew for their ships, not only giving orders to their own forces, but also supplying all the expenses for the war to them as well; and that when they had repelled the Roman army, they would restore Cumae, which the Campanians, having driven out the Cumaeans two generations before, had occupied, and would help to reinstate in their own land those of the Cumaeans who still survived, whom the Neapolitans had welcomed when they were expelled from their homeland and had made sharers in all their own goods, and would add to the Neapolitans a very large amount of territory from that which the Campanians held.
§15.6.5τῶν δὲ Νεαπολιτῶν ὅσον μὲν ἦν μέρος εὔλογον καὶ πρὸ πολλοῦ δυνάμενον ὁρᾶν τὰς καταληψομένας τὴν πόλιν ἐκ τοῦ πολέμου συμφορὰς εἰρήνην ἄγειν ἠξίου· τὸ δὲ φιλόκαινον καὶ τὰς ἐκ τῆς ταραχῆς πλεονεξίας διῶκον ἐπὶ τὸν πόλεμον συνελάμβανον, καταβοαί τʼ ἀλλήλων ἐγίνοντο καὶ χειροκρασίαι καὶ προέβη τὸ νεῖκος εἰς λίθων βολάς, καὶ τελευτῶντες ἐκράτησαν οἱ κακίους τῶν κρειττόνων, ὥστε τοὺς πρέσβεις τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἀπράκτους ἀπελθεῖν.
Now, as much of the Neapolitans as was reasonable and able to foresee from afar the calamities that would overtake the city from the war, demanded that they keep peace; but those who were fond of innovation and pursued advantages arising from turmoil joined in urging for war. There were outcries against one another and acts of violence, and the dispute advanced to the throwing of stones, and in the end the worse prevailed over the better, so that the ambassadors of the Romans departed without having accomplished their purpose.
διὰ ταύτας τὰς αἰτίας ἡ βουλὴ τῶν Ῥωμαίων στρατιὰν ἐπὶ Νεαπολίτας ἀποστεῖλαι ἐβουλεύθη.
For these reasons, the senate of the Romans resolved to send an army against the Neapolitans.

Notes

  1. 2317τὰ τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἔδοξαν φρονεῖν — The intransitive verb φρονέω with the neuter plural accusative article and genitive phrase (τὰ τῶν Ῥωμαίων) means 'to favor the cause' or 'to support the interest' of the Romans.
  2. 15.6.2ἐπὶ τῷ δήμῳ ποιῆσαι τὴν τοῦ συμφέροντος αἵρεσιν — The construction of ποιέω with the preposition ἐπί and a dative noun means 'to place under the power or decision' of someone. Here, it refers to leaving the choice of what is advantageous to the assembly of the people (dēmos).
  3. 2318οὐ μόνον καταγγέλλοντες τοῖς ἰδίοις στρατεύμασιν, ἀλλὰ κἀκείνοις ἁπάσας τὰς εἰς πόλεμον δαπάνας ἐπιχορηγοῦντες — The participle καταγγέλλοντες (commanding/mobilizing) takes the dative τοῖς ἰδίοις στρατεύμασιν (their own forces), and is contrasted by οὐ μόνον... ἀλλὰ... with the phrase κἀκείνοις... ἐπιχορηγοῦντες (supplying to them [the Neapolitans] too). This emphasizes that the Samnites promised not only to mobilize their own troops but also to fund the entire war effort of the Neapolitans.
  4. p.v.4p.270ἀπωσαμένοις τε τὸ Ῥωμαϊκὸν στράτευμα... Κύμην τʼ ἀνασώσειν — The dative masculine plural aorist middle participle ἀπωσαμένοις agrees with the implicit indirect object of the promise, τοῖς Νεαπολίταις. It has a conditional force: 'if they [the Neapolitans] should repel the Roman army,' modifying the infinitive ἀνασώσειν.
  5. 2319τῶν δὲ Νεαπολιτῶν ὅσον μὲν ἦν μέρος εὔλογον ... τὸ δὲ φιλόκαινον — The μὲν... δέ... construction contrasts two opposing factions among the Neapolitans. The first is ὅσον μέρος εὔλογον (the reasonable part), while the second, τὸ φιλόκαινον, is a substantivated neuter adjective functioning as a collective noun (the innovation-loving faction) corresponding to μέρος.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §15.6.1-15.6.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:15.6.1-15.6.5

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