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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §13.7.1-13.7.4

Warning of the Sacred Geese and the Repelled Night Assault

Passage 887 of 962 · Greek

Summary

While the Capitol is besieged, a young Roman successfully slips through the lines to deliver a message. Discovering this, the Celtic king attempts a surprise assault via the same route, but the sacred geese of Hera alert the Romans.

§13.7.1ἔτι δʼ οὖν πολιορκουμένων τῶν ἐν τῷ Καπιτωλίῳ καταφυγόντων νέος τις ἀπὸ τῆς Οὐιεντανῶν πόλεως ὑπὸ Ῥωμαίων πεμφθεὶς εἰς τοὺς ἐν τῷ Καπιτωλίῳ καὶ λαθὼν τοὺς αὐτόθι φυλάσσοντας Κελτοὺς ἀνῆλθέ τε καὶ εἰπών, ὅσα ἔδει, πάλιν ὑπὸ νύκτα ἀπηλλάγη.
While those who had fled to the Capitol were still being besieged, a certain young man sent by the Romans from the city of Veii to those in the Capitol, and escaping the notice of the Celts guarding the place, went up and, having said all that was necessary, departed again under cover of night.
§13.7.2ὡς δὲ ἡμέρα ἐγένετο, τῶν Κελτῶν τις ἰδὼν τὰ ἴχνη λέγει πρὸς τὸν βασιλέα, ὁ δὲ συγκαλέσας τοὺς ἀνδρειοτάτους ἐδήλωσεν αὐτοῖς τὴν τοῦ Ῥωμαίου ἄνοδον· ἔπειτʼ αὐτοὺς ἠξίου τὴν αὐτὴν ἐκείνῳ παρασχομένους τόλμαν πειρᾶσθαι τῆς ἐπὶ τὸ φρούριον ἀναβάσεως, πολλὰς ὑπισχνούμενος τοῖς ἀναβᾶσι δωρεάς.
And when it was day, one of the Celts, having seen the tracks, told the king; and he, having called together the bravest, made known to them the ascent of the Roman; then he requested them, displaying the same daring as that man, to attempt the ascent to the fortress, promising many gifts to those who should ascend.
ὁμολογησάντων δὲ συχνῶν παρήγγειλε τοῖς φύλαξιν ἡσυχίαν ἄγειν, ἵνα καθεύδειν αὐτοὺς ὑπολαβόντες οἱ §13.7.3Ῥωμαῖοι καὶ αὐτοὶ πρὸς ὕπνον τράπωνται.
And when many agreed, he ordered the guards to keep quiet, so that, supposing them to be asleep, the Romans, supposing them to be asleep, might themselves turn to sleep.
ἤδη δὲ τῶν πρώτων ἀναβεβηκότων καὶ τοὺς ὑστερίζοντας ἀναδεχομένων, ἵνα πλείους γενόμενοι τότε ἀποσφάξωσι τοὺς ἐν ταῖς φυλακαῖς καὶ καταλάβωνται τὸ ἔρυμα, ἀνθρώπων μὲν οὐδεὶς ἔμαθεν, ἱεροὶ δέ τινες Ἥρας χῆνες ἐν τῷ τεμένει τρεφόμενοι καταβοῶντες ἅμα καὶ τοῖς βαρβάροις ὁμόσε χωροῦντες κατήγοροι γίνονται τοῦ κακοῦ.
And when now the first had ascended and were receiving those who followed, in order that, having become more numerous, they might then slaughter those on guard and seize the stronghold, no human being perceived it, but certain sacred geese of Hera, reared in her precinct, by crying out and at the same time rushing against the barbarians, became the denouncers of the danger.
§13.7.4ἐκ δὲ τούτου ταραχή τε καὶ κραυγὴ καὶ δρόμος ἁπάντων ἦν παρακαλούντων ἀλλήλους ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα, καὶ οἱ Κελτοὶ δὲ πλείους ἤδη γεγονότες ἐχώρουν ἐνδοτέρω.
And upon this there was confusion and shouting and running of all, exhorting one another to arms, and the Celts, having already become more numerous, were advancing further inside.

Notes

  1. 9λαθὼν τοὺς αὐτόθι φυλάσσοντας Κελτοὺς — The verb λανθάνω (to escape notice) takes a direct object in the accusative (τοὺς ... Κελτούς). The aorist participle λαθών modifies the main verb ἀνῆλθε to express the manner or attendant circumstance, meaning 'escaping the notice of the Celts.'
  2. 10τῶν πρώτων ἀναβεβηκότων καὶ τοὺς ὑστερίζοντας ἀναδεχομένων — A genitive absolute construction where τῶν πρώτων acts as the subject, coordinated with the perfect participle ἀναβεβηκότων and the present participle ἀναδεχομένων, forming a temporal clause ('when the first had ascended and were receiving...').
  3. 10κατήγοροι γίνονται τοῦ κακοῦ — The predicate noun κατήγοροι (denouncers, accusers) is followed by the objective genitive τοῦ κακοῦ (the evil, danger), meaning 'became the indicators (denouncers) of the danger.'
  4. 13.7.4παρακαλούντων ἀλλήλους ἐπὶ τὰ ὅπλα — The present participle παρακαλούντων is used attributively to modify the preceding genitive pronoun ἁπάντων, meaning 'of all [of them] exhorting one another to arms.'

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §13.7.1-13.7.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:13.7.1-13.7.4

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