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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §12.2.1-12.2.10

Appointment of Cincinnatus and the Killing of Maelius

Passage 866 of 962 · Greek

Summary

In response to Maelius's plot, the senate appoints Cincinnatus as dictator. Servilius, the master of the horse, attempts to summon Maelius, who tries to flee but is cornered in a butcher's shop and killed.

§12.2.1ὡς δʼ ἐμηνύθη τῇ βουλῇ, δικτάτορα προχειρίζονται, ὁ δὲ τὸν ἱππάρχην ἐκέλευσεν ἔχοντι τοὺς ἱππεῖς ἥκειν ὡς αὐτὸν περὶ μέσας νύκτας, τοῖς δὲ βουλευταῖς εἰς τὸ Καπιτώλιον ἕωθεν ἔτι συλλέγεσθαι, τῷ δὲ Μηνυκίῳ τόν τε μηνυτὴν ἄγοντι καὶ τὰς ἄλλας ἀποδείξεις κομίζοντι πρὸς τὸ βῆμα παρεῖναι, ἅπασι δὲ φυλάττειν ἀπόρρητα πρὸς τοὺς ἔξω τοῦ συνεδρίου τὰ βουλεύματα· μίαν εἶναι λέγων ἀσφάλειαν, εἰ μηδὲν ὁ Μαίλιος ἀκούσειε τῶν περὶ αὐτοῦ λεγομένων τε καὶ
When this was reported to the senate, they appointed a dictator; and he ordered the master of the horse to come to him with the horsemen about midnight, and the senators to assemble on the Capitol still at dawn, and Minucius to be present at the tribunal bringing both the informer and the other proofs, and all to keep the decisions secret from those outside the council, saying that there was only one safety, if Maelius should hear nothing of the things said and done concerning him.
§12.2.2πραττομένων. διατάξας δὲ τἆλλα ὅσων ἐδεῖτο, μέχρι δύσεως ἡλίου πάντας ἐν τῷ βουλευτηρίῳ κατασχὼν σκότους ὄντος ἤδη διέλυσε τὸν σύλλογον· ὡς δὲ μέση νὺξ ἐγένετο, προελθὼν ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας. . . ἐξῄει περὶ τὸν ὄρθρον τοὺς ἐπιλέκτους ἀμφοτέρων τῶν ὑπάτων ἐπαγόμενος καὶ αὐτοὺς τοὺς ὑπάτους.
And having arranged the other things as many as he needed, keeping them all in the senate-house until sunset, he dismissed the assembly when it was already dark; and when it became midnight, going out from his house... he went out about dawn, bringing with him the elite bodyguards of both consuls and the consuls themselves.
§12.2.3οὗτοι μὲν οὖν τὸ Καπιτώλιον ἅμα τοῖς βουλευταῖς ἕωθεν κατειληφότες ἐφρούρουν· ὁ δὲ Μαίλιος οὐδὲν ἀκηκοὼς τούτων ἡμέρας γενομένης προελθὼν εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν ἐχρημάτιζε τοῖς δεομένοις ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος καθεζόμενος· καὶ μετʼ οὐ πολὺ παρῆν ὁ ἵππαρχος Σερουίλιος πρὸς αὐτὸν ἄγων τοὺς ἀκμαιοτάτους τῶν ἱππέων ἔχοντας ὑπὸ τοῖς ἱματίοις ξίφη καὶ στὰς πλησίον αὐτοῦ λέγει·
These, therefore, having occupied the Capitol together with the senators at dawn, kept guard; but Maelius, having heard nothing of these things, when day came, went out into the forum and transacted business with those who requested it, sitting upon the tribunal; and not long after, the master of the horse, Servilius, was present, bringing with him the most robust of the horsemen, who had swords under their garments, and standing near him, said: "The dictator commands you, Maelius, to come to him." And he, interrupting, said, "What kind of dictator, Servilius, commands me to come to him, who has arisen where and when?" and at the same time, being disturbed, he looked around at those about the tribunal.
§12.2.4ὁ δικτάτωρ σε κελεύει, Μαίλιε, πρὸς αὐτὸν ἥκειν· κἀκεῖνος ὑποτυχών, ποῖος, ἔφη, κελεύει με, Σερουίλιε, δικτάτωρ πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐλθεῖν, ὁ ποῦ καὶ πότε γενόμενος; καὶ ἅμα διαταραχθεὶς περιέβλεψεν εἰς τοὺς περὶ τὸ βῆμα. ἀφασίας δὲ ἅπαντας κατασχούσης διὰ τὸ μηδένα γιγνώσκειν τὰ πραχθέντα ὑπὸ τῆς βουλῆς λέγει πάλιν ὁ Σερουίλιος· εἰσηγγέλθης χθὲς εἰς τὴν βουλήν, ὦ Μαίλιε, νεωτέροις ἐπιχειρεῖν πράγμασιν, ἴσως οὐκ ἀληθῶς· οὐδενὸς γὰρ ἄξιον ἀπὸ τῆς αἰτίας προκαταγιγνώσκειν.
When speechless amazement seized all because no one knew the things done by the senate, Servilius said again: "You were reported yesterday to the senate, Maelius, as attempting a revolution, perhaps not truly; for it is not worthy of anyone to condemn beforehand on account of an accusation.
§12.2.5ταύτην ἐξετάσαι τὴν μήνυσιν ἡ βουλὴ προελομένη δικτάτορος ἔφησε δεῖν τοῖς πράγμασιν, ὡς οὐ τὸν ἐλάχιστον τῶν κινδύνων τρέχουσα, καὶ ἀπέδειξε τῆς ἐξουσίας ταύτης κύριον Λεύκιον Κοίντιον Κικιννᾶτον, ὃν οἶσθα δήπου καὶ σὺ κράτιστον ὄντα τῶν πατρικίων καὶ δὶς ἤδη ταύτην ἀνεπιλήπτως τετελεκότα τὴν ἀρχήν.
The senate, choosing to examine this information, said that the state needed a dictator, as it was running not the least of dangers, and appointed Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus master of this power, whom you surely know to be the best of the patricians and to have already twice performed this office blamelessly.
§12.2.6οὗτος ὁ ἀνὴρ δικαστήριόν σοι καθίσαι καὶ λόγον ἀποδοῦναι βουλόμενος ἀπέσταλκεν ἡμᾶς, ἐμὲ τὸν ἵππαρχον ἅμα τοῖσδε τοῖς ἀνδράσιν, ἄξοντας σε ἀσφαλῶς ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπολογίαν.
This man, wishing to set up a court for you and for you to render an account, has sent us, me the master of the horse together with these men, to bring you safely to your defense.
εἰ δὲ μηδὲν ἀδικεῖν πέποιθας, ἴθι καὶ λέγε τὰ δίκαια περὶ σαυτοῦ πρὸς ἄνδρα φιλόπολιν, ὃς οὔτε διὰ τὸν κοινὸν φθόνον οὔτε διʼ ἄλλην ἄδικον πρόφασιν οὐδεμίαν ἐκποδὼν ποιῆσαί §12.2.7σε βουλήσεται. ὁ δʼ ὡς ἤκουσεν, ἀναπηδᾷ τε καὶ μεγάλα ἀναβοήσας, ἄνδρες, ἔφη, δημοτικοί, βοηθεῖτέ μοι συναρπαζομένῳ διὰ τὴν πρὸς ὑμᾶς εὔνοιαν ὑπὸ τῶν δυνατῶν·
If you are confident that you are doing no wrong, go and say what is just concerning yourself to a patriotic man, who will wish to put you out of the way neither because of common envy nor because of any other unjust pretext." And he, when he heard this, leaped up and crying out loudly, said: "Men of the people, help me who am being dragged away by the powerful because of my goodwill towards you!
οὐ γὰρ ἐπὶ δίκην πρὸς αὐτῶν, ἀλλʼ ἐπὶ θάνατον καλοῦμαι. βοῆς δὲ γενομένης καὶ θορύβου πολλοῦ περὶ τὸ βῆμα συγγνούς, ὅτι πλείους εἰσὶ τῶν βοηθούντων οἱ συλλαμβάνειν μέλλοντες αὐτόν, καὶ οὐ μακρὰν ἑτέρους ὑποκαθῆσθαι ἐν ὅπλοις, καταπηδᾷ ταχέως ἀπὸ τοῦ βήματος καὶ διὰ τῆς ἀγορᾶς ἐχώρει δρόμῳ σπεύδων εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν κατα- §12.2.8φυγεῖν.
For I am called by them not to a trial, but to death." And when a cry and great tumult arose around the tribunal, perceiving that those who were about to seize him were more numerous than those who would help, and that others were lying in wait in arms not far away, he leaped down quickly from the tribunal and went through the forum running, hastening to flee to his house.
καταλαμβανόμενος δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν ἱππέων εἰς ἐργαστήριον εἰστρέχει μαγειρικὸν καὶ κοπίδα τῶν κρεοκόπων ἁρπάσας παίει τὸν πρῶτον αὐτῷ προσελθόντα.
But being overtaken by the horsemen, he ran into a butcher's shop, and snatching a butcher's cleaver, struck the first one who came up to him.
ἔπειτα πολλῶν ἐπιπεσόντων ἀθρόων ἀμυνόμενος καὶ βραχὺν ἀντισχὼν χρόνον ἀπεκόπη ὑπό τινος τὸν βραχίονα καὶ πίπτει καὶ κατακοπεὶς ὥσπερ θηρίον ἀποθνήσκει.
Then, defending himself as many fell upon him at once and resisting for a short time, he had his arm cut off by someone and fell, and being cut to pieces like a wild beast, he died.
§12.2.9Μαίλιος μὲν δὴ μεγάλων ὀρεχθεὶς πραγμάτων καὶ μικροῦ πάνυ δεήσας τὴν Ῥωμαίων ἡγεμονίαν κατασχεῖν οὕτως ἀζήλου καὶ πικρᾶς καταστροφῆς ἔτυχεν.
Thus Maelius, having aimed at great things and having come very near to obtaining the sovereignty of the Romans, met with such an unenviable and bitter end.
ἐξενεχθέντος δʼ εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν τοῦ νεκροῦ καὶ γενηθέντος πᾶσι φανεροῦ δρόμος ἦν καὶ βοὴ καὶ θόρυβος ἁπάντων τῶν κατὰ τὴν ἀγορὰν τῶν μὲν οἰκτειρόντων, τῶν δὲ ἀγανακτούντων, τῶν δὲ §12.2.10ὁμόσε τοῖς δεδρακόσι χωρεῖν ἐσπουδακότων.
When his corpse was carried out into the forum and became manifest to all, there was running and shouting and tumult of all those in the forum, some pitying, some being indignant, and some eager to close with those who had done the deed.
τοιαύτης δὲ ταραχῆς γενομένης μαθὼν ὁ δικτάτωρ, ὅτι διαπέπρακται τοῖς ἱππεῦσι τὸ προσταχθὲν ἔργον, κατέβαινεν ἀπὸ τῆς ἄκρας εἰς τὴν ἀγορὰν τούς τε βουλευτὰς ἐπαγόμενος ἅπαντας καὶ τοὺς ἱππεῖς περὶ ἑαυτὸν ἔχων γυμνὰ φαίνοντας ξίφη· καὶ δημηγορήσας ἐπʼ ἐκκλησίας ἀπέλυσε τὸν ὄχλον. Esc.
When such a disturbance arose, the dictator, having learned that the task commanded had been accomplished by the horsemen, came down from the citadel into the forum, bringing with him all the senators and having the horsemen about him showing naked swords; and having harangued the people in an assembly, he dismissed the crowd.

Notes

  1. 12.2.1ἔχοντι — Although the accusative `τὸν ἱππάρχην` (the master of the horse) is the object of the main verb `ἐκέλευσεν` (and the subject of the infinitive `ἥκειν`), the participle `ἔχοντι` is in the dative case. This is an anacoluthon, likely influenced by the subsequent dative constructions such as `τοῖς δὲ βουλευταῖς` and `τῷ δὲ Μηνυκίῳ`.
  2. 12.2.4ὁ ποῦ καὶ πότε γενόμενος — An interrogative expression using the article `ὁ` followed by adverbs of place and time. The participle `γενόμενος` (having become) refers to the appointment of the dictator, conveying a highly skeptical nuance: 'a dictator who came into being where and when?'
  3. 12.2.5τρέχουσα — A present participle in the nominative feminine singular, agreeing with the subject `ἡ βουλὴ` (the senate). It means 'as the senate itself was running (i.e., facing) not the least of dangers,' using the idiomatic/metaphorical expression `κίνδυνον τρέχειν` (to run a risk).
  4. 12.2.7συγγνούς — An aorist active participle of `συγγιγνώσκω`. While this verb usually means 'to forgive' or 'to agree with,' here it is used in the sense of 'to perceive' or 'to realize' (similar to `συνίημι`), governing the subsequent `ὅτι` clause.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §12.2.1-12.2.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:12.2.1-12.2.10

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