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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §11.53.1-11.53.3

Conflict over Opening the Consulship to Plebeians

Passage 853 of 962 · Greek

Summary

With the assumption of office by the new consuls, the tribunes propose a law to open the consulship to the plebeians, sparking intense conflict with the patricians who fear the loss of their power.

§11.53.1Μάρκου δὲ Γενυκίου καὶ Γαΐου Κοιντίου τὴν ἀρχὴν παρειληφότων αἱ πολιτικαὶ πάλιν ἀνίσταντο διαφοραὶ τῶν δημοτικῶν ἀξιούντων ἅπασι Ῥωμαίοις ἐξεῖναι τὴν ὕπατον ἀρχὴν λαμβάνειν — τέως γὰρ οἱ πατρίκιοι μόνοι μετῄεσαν αὐτὴν ἐν ταῖς λοχίτισιν ἐκκλησίαις ἀποδεικνύμενοι — νόμον τε συγγράψαντες ὑπὲρ τῶν ὑπατικῶν ἀρχαιρεσιῶν εἰσέφερον οἱ τότε δημαρχοῦντες ἐκτὸς ἑνὸς Γαΐου Φουρνίου πάντες οἱ λοιποὶ συμφρονήσαντες, ἐν ᾧ τὸν δῆμον ἐποιοῦντο κύριον τῆς διαγνώσεως καθʼ ἕνα ἕκαστον ἐνιαυτόν, εἴτε πατρικίους βούλοιτο μετιέναι τὴν ὑπατείαν εἴτε δημοτικούς. §11.53.2ἐφʼ οἷς ἠγανάκτουν οἱ τοῦ βουλευτικοῦ μετέχοντες συνεδρίου καταλυομένην τὴν ἑαυτῶν δυναστείαν ὁρῶντες καὶ πάντα ὑπομένειν ᾤοντο δεῖν πρότερον ἢ τὸν νόμον κύριον ἐᾶσαι γενέσθαι· ὀργαί τε καὶ κατηγορίαι καὶ ἀντιπράξεις ἐγίνοντο συνεχεῖς ἐν ἰδίοις τε συλλόγοις καὶ κατὰ τὰς κοινὰς συνόδους, ἁπάντων τῶν πατρικίων πρὸς ἅπαντας ἠλλοτριωμένων τοὺς δημοτικούς. §11.53.3καὶ λόγοι πολλοὶ μὲν ἐν τῷ συνεδρίῳ, πολλοὶ δὲ κατὰ τὰς ἐκκλησίας ὑπὸ τῶν προϊσταμένων τῆς ἀριστοκρατίας ἐλέχθησαν, ἐπιεικέστεροι μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν οἰομένων ἀγνοίᾳ τοῦ συμφέροντος ἁμαρτάνειν τοὺς δημοτικούς, τραχύτεροι δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν νομιζόντων ἐξ ἐπιβουλῆς καὶ φθόνου τοῦ πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὸ πρᾶγμα συγκεῖσθαι.
When Marcus Genucius and Gaius Quintius had assumed office, political disputes arose again, as the plebeians demanded that it should be lawful for all Romans to hold the consulship—for until then only the patricians sued for it, being appointed in the centuriate assemblies—and the tribunes of the plebs of that year, all except one, Gaius Furnius, having come to an agreement, drew up and introduced a law concerning the consular elections, in which they made the people masters of the decision each year, whether they wished patricians or plebeians to sue for the consulship. At this, the members of the senate were indignant, seeing their own power being destroyed, and they thought they ought to endure anything rather than permit the law to become valid; and anger, accusations, and counter-actions occurred continuously both in private gatherings and in public assemblies, all the patricians being estranged from all the plebeians. And many speeches were delivered both in the senate and in the assemblies by the leaders of the aristocracy, the more moderate ones by those who thought that the plebeians were erring through ignorance of their own interest, and the harsher ones by those who believed that the business was concocted out of a plot and envy against them.

Notes

  1. 11.53.1Μάρκου δὲ Γενυκίου καὶ Γαΐου Κοιντίου τὴν ἀρχὴν παρειληφότων — Genitive absolute construction expressing time ("when Marcus Genucius and Gaius Quintius had assumed office"), which is a formulaic expression used to designate the consular year in Roman history.
  2. 11.53.1τῶν δημοτικῶν ἀξιούντων — Genitive absolute construction, explaining the cause or background ("as the plebeians demanded") of the main clause "political disputes arose again".
  3. 11.53.1ἐποιοῦντο ... κύριον τῆς διαγνώσεως ... εἴτε πατρικίους βούλοιτο ... εἴτε δημοτικούς — The verb βούλοιτο is in the optative of indirect question/discourse due to the historical tense of the main verb (ἐποιοῦντο). Its grammatical subject is the singular noun τὸν δῆμον ("the people"). The infinitive μετιέναι ("to sue for") is understood as the complement of βούλοιτο with πατρικίους or δημοτικούς as its accusative subjects.
  4. 11.53.2πάντα ὑπομένειν ᾤοντο δεῖν πρότερον ἢ τὸν νόμον κύριον ἐᾶσαι γενέσθαι — The comparative phrase πρότερον ἤ ("rather than / before") takes the infinitive ἐᾶσαι, expressing a strong preference to endure anything rather than permit the law to pass. This is an idiomatic expression of strong refusal, analogous to the Latin potius quam with the subjunctive.
  5. 11.53.3ἐπιεικέστεροι μὲν ὑπὸ τῶν οἰομένων ... τραχύτεροι δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν νομιζόντων — The adjectives ἐπιεικέστεροι and τραχύτεροι function as subjects or predicates referring back to λόγοι ("speeches"), with the verb ἐλέχθησαν ("were delivered") understood. The construction means "the more moderate speeches were delivered by those who thought... and the harsher ones by those who believed...".

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §11.53.1-11.53.3. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:11.53.1-11.53.3

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