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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §11.21.1-11.21.6

Dispute over the Vote and the Decemvirs Securing Military Command

Passage 821 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Valerius demands a formal vote on the proposals, while Cornelius strongly objects, claiming the matter is already decided. Exploiting the ensuing confusion in the divided senate, the decemvirs adopt Cornelius's opinion to retain military command and dissolve the assembly.

§11.21.1ταύτην ἀποδειξαμένου τὴν γνώμην Οὐαλερίου κεχαρισμένην τοῖς πλείοσιν, ὡς ἐκ τῆς φωνῆς αὐτῶν εἰκάσαι ῥᾴδιον ἦν, καὶ τῶν μετʼ ἐκεῖνον ἀνισταμένων — ἦν δʼ αὐτῶν τὸ νέον τῆς βουλῆς μέρος τὸ λειπόμενον — ταῦτα ἡγουμένων κράτιστα εἶναι πλὴν ὀλίγων, ἐπειδὴ πάντες ἀπεδείξαντο τὰς ἑαυτῶν γνώμας, καὶ τέλος ἔδει τὰ βουλεύματα λαβεῖν, Οὐαλέριος μὲν ἠξίου διαδικασίαν τοὺς δέκα προθεῖναι ταῖς γνώμαις, αὖθις ἐξ ἀρχῆς πάντας τοὺς βουλευτὰς καλοῦντας, καὶ πολλοῖς τῶν συνέδρων ἀναθέσθαι βουλομένοις τὰς προτέρας ἀποφάσεις ταῦτα λέγων πιθανὸς ἦν·
When Valerius had declared this opinion, which was pleasing to the majority, as was easy to conjecture from their voices, and those who rose after him — they were the remaining younger part of the senate — deemed these proposals to be the best, except for a few; when all had declared their opinions and at last the deliberations had to come to an end, Valerius demanded that the ten submit the opinions to a formal decision, calling all the senators again from the beginning, and by saying this he was persuasive to many of the members who wished to retract their former declarations.
§11.21.2Κορνήλιος δʼ ὁ συμβουλεύων τοῖς δέκα τὴν ἡγεμονίαν ἐπιτρέψαι τοῦ πολέμου κατὰ τὸ καρτερὸν ἀπεμάχετο κεκρίσθαι τὸ πρᾶγμα ἤδη λέγων καὶ τέλος ἔχειν νόμιμον ἁπάντων ἐψηφικότων, ἠξίου τε διαριθμεῖν τὰς γνώμας καὶ μηδὲν ἔτι καινουργεῖν.
But Cornelius, who advised committing the command of the war to the ten, fought back vigorously, saying that the matter had already been decided and had a lawful conclusion, since all had voted; and he demanded that they count the opinions and make no further innovations.
§11.21.3τούτων δὲ λεγομένων ὑφʼ ἑκατέρου μετὰ πολλῆς φιλοτιμίας τε καὶ κραυγῆς, καὶ τοῦ συνεδρίου διαστάντος πρὸς ἑκάτερον, τῶν μὲν ἐπανορθώσασθαι τὴν ἀκοσμίαν τοῦ πολιτεύματος βουλομένων τῷ Οὐαλερίῳ συλλαμβανόντων, τῶν δὲ τὰ χείρω προαιρουμένων καὶ ὅσοις κίνδυνός τις ὑπωπτεύετο ἐκ τῆς μεταβολῆς ἔσεσθαι τῷ Κορνηλίῳ συναγορευόντων· λαβόντες ἀφορμὴν οἱ δέκα τοῦ πράττειν ὅ τι δόξειεν αὐτοῖς τὴν τοῦ συνεδρίου ταραχήν, τῇ Κορνηλίου προστίθενται γνώμῃ.
While these things were being said by each of them with much rivalry and shouting, and the senate was divided toward each side — those who wished to correct the disorder of the state assisting Valerius, while those who preferred the worse course and all who suspected that some danger would arise from the change supported Cornelius — the ten, taking the confusion of the senate as an opportunity for doing whatever they pleased, assented to the opinion of Cornelius.
καὶ παρελθὼν εἷς ἐξ αὐτῶν, Ἄππιος, ἔφη· §11.21.4περὶ τοῦ πρὸς Αἰκανοὺς καὶ Σαβίνους πολέμου συνεκαλέσαμεν ὑμᾶς, ὦ βουλή, διαγνωσομένους, καὶ λόγον ἀπεδώκαμεν ἅπασι τοῖς βουλομένοις ἀπὸ τῶν πρώτων ἄχρι τῶν νεωτάτων ἐν τῷ προσήκοντι καλοῦντες ἕκαστον τόπῳ.
And Appius, one of them, stepped forward and said: "We called you together, O senate, to decide about the war against the Aequians and Sabines, and we gave the floor to all who wished, from the first to the youngest, calling each in his proper place.
τριῶν δʼ ἀποδειξαμένων γνώμας διαφόρους, Κλαυδίου τε καὶ Κορνηλίου καὶ Οὐαλερίου τελευταίου, διέγνωτε περὶ αὐτῶν ὑμεῖς οἱ λοιποί, καὶ παριὼν ἕκαστος ἀπεφήνατο πάντων ἀκουόντων, ᾗ προσετίθετο γνώμῃ.
And when three had declared different opinions, namely Claudius, Cornelius, and lastly Valerius, the rest of you decided about them, and each one, coming forward, declared in the hearing of all which opinion he supported.
§11.21.5ἁπάντων δὴ γεγονότων κατὰ νόμον, ἐπειδὴ τοῖς πλείοσιν ὑμῶν Κορνήλιος ἐδόκει τὰ κράτιστα ὑποθέσθαι, τοῦτον ἀπεφηνάμεθα νικᾶν καὶ τὴν ἀποδειχθεῖσαν ὑπὸ τούτου γνώμην γράψαντες ἐκφέρομεν.
Since everything has been done according to the law, and since Cornelius seemed to the majority of you to have proposed the best measures, we declare that he has won, and having written down the opinion declared by him, we publish it.
Οὐαλέριος δὲ καὶ οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἑστῶτες ὅταν αὐτοὶ τύχωσιν ἐξουσίας ὑπατικῆς, δίκας τʼ ἤδη τέλος ἐχούσας ἀναδίκους ποιείτωσαν, ἐὰν αὐτοῖς φίλον ᾖ, καὶ βουλεύματα διεγνωσμένα ὑπὸ πάντων ὑμῶν ἄκυρα καθιστάτωσαν.
But let Valerius and those who stand with him, whenever they themselves happen to obtain consular power, make judgments that are already final subject to retrial, if they please, and render void the decrees decided by all of you.
§11.21.6ταῦτʼ εἰπὼν καὶ τὸν γραμματέα κελεύσας ἀναγνῶναι τὸ προβούλευμα, ἐν ᾧ τὴν καταγραφὴν τοῦ στρατοῦ καὶ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν τοῦ πολέμου τοὺς δέκα παραλαβεῖν ἐτέτακτο, διέλυσε τὸν σύλλογον.
Having said this and having ordered the scribe to read the decree, in which it had been ordered that the ten should take over the levy of the army and the command of the war, he dissolved the assembly.

Notes

  1. 2207πολλοῖς τῶν συνέδρων ἀναθέσθαι βουλομένοις — The dative `πολλοῖς... βουλομένοις` depends on the adjective `πιθανός` in the main clause, meaning "he was persuasive to many." The infinitive `ἀναθέσθαι` ("to retract" or "to reverse") functions as the complement of the participle `βουλομένοις`.
  2. 2208λαβόντες ἀφορμὴν οἱ δέκα τοῦ πράττειν ὅ τι δόξειεν αὐτοῖς τὴν τοῦ συνεδρίου ταραχήν — This clause contains a hyperbaton, where `τὴν τοῦ συνεδρίου ταραχήν` (the direct object of the participle `λαβόντες`) is placed at the very end. `ἀφορμήν` functions predicatively ("taking the confusion of the senate as an opportunity"). The genitive infinitive `τοῦ πράττειν` modifies `ἀφορμήν`.
  3. 2209δίκας τʼ ἤδη τέλος ἐχούσας ἀναδίκους ποιείτωσαν — The adjective `ἀναδίκους` ("subject to retrial") is used predicatively as a complement to the imperative `ποιείτωσαν` ("let them make"), meaning "let them make judgments that are already final subject to retrial." This represents a sarcastic and concessionary command by Appius.

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §11.21.1-11.21.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:11.21.1-11.21.6

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