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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §10.6.1-10.6.4

Virginius Denouncing Caeso's Arrogance

Passage 746 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Virginius stands up as he sees the plebeians being moved by Quinctius's entreaties, and while acknowledging the father's virtue, he denounces his son Caeso for behaving with arrogance contrary to that virtue and bringing harm to the state.

§10.6.1ὁ μὲν οὖν δῆμος ἥδετο πάνυ τοῖς λόγοις καὶ χαρίζεσθαι τὸ μειράκιον τῷ πατρὶ πρόθυμος ἦν.
The people, then, were greatly pleased with his words and were eager to favor the father by sparing the youth.
ὁ δὲ Οὐεργίνιος ὁρῶν, ὅτι μὴ δόντος ἐκείνου δίκην ἀφόρητον ἔσται τὸ θράσος τῶν αὐθαδῶν μειρακίων, ἀνίσταται καί φησιν· §10.6.2σοὶ μέν, ὦ Κοίντιε, ἥ τε ἄλλη μαρτυρεῖται πᾶσα ἀρετὴ καὶ ἡ πρὸς τοὺς δημοτικοὺς εὔνοια, ἀνθʼ ὧν τὸ τιμᾶσθαί σοι πάρεστιν.
But Virginius, seeing that if that man did not pay the penalty, the boldness of the arrogant youths would be intolerable, stood up and said: "To you, Quinctius, all other virtue is testified, as well as your goodwill toward the plebeians, in return for which you have honor.
ἡ δὲ τοῦ μειρακίου βαρύτης καὶ ἡ πρὸς ἅπαντας ἡμᾶς ὑπερηφανία παραίτησιν ἢ συγγνώμην οὐδεμίαν ἐπιδέχεται· ὅστις ὑπὸ τοῖς σοῖς ἤθεσι τραφεὶς οὕτως οὖσι δημοτικοῖς καὶ μετρίοις, ὡς ἅπαντες ἴσμεν, τῶν μὲν σῶν ὑπερεῖδεν ἐπιτηδευμάτων, τυραννικὴν δὲ αὐθάδειαν καὶ βαρβάρων ἀνθρώπων ὕβριν ἠγάπησε, καὶ πονηρῶν ἔργων ζῆλον εἰς τὴν πόλιν ἡμῶν εἰσαγήοχεν.
But the harshness of the youth and his arrogance toward us all admit of no entreaty or pardon; who, having been brought up under your character, which is so plebeian and moderate, as we all know, despised your practices, and loved tyrannical arrogance and the insolence of barbarians, and has introduced a zeal for evil deeds into our city.
§10.6.3εἰ μὲν οὖν ἐλάνθανέ σε τοιοῦτος ὤν, νῦν ὅτʼ ἔγνωκας ἀγανακτεῖν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν δίκαιος ἂν εἴης· εἰ δὲ συνῄδεις τε καὶ συνέπραττες οἷς προεπηλάκιζε τὴν τῶν πενήτων πολιτῶν τύχην, πονηρὸς ἄρα καὶ αὐτὸς ἦσθα, καὶ ἡ τῆς καλοκἀγαθίας δόξα οὐκ ἐκ τοῦ δικαίου σοι περιγέγονεν.
If, then, you were unaware that he was such a man, you would now, since you have recognized it, be justified in being indignant on our behalf; but if you were conscious of and co-operated in the things with which he insulted the fortune of the poor citizens, then you yourself were also wicked, and your reputation for nobility has not come to you justly.
ἀλλὰ γὰρ ὅτι ἠγνόεις αὐτὸν οὐκ ὄντα τῆς σῆς ἀρετῆς ἄξιον, ἐγώ σοι τοῦτʼ ἔχω μαρτυρεῖν.
But indeed, that you were ignorant that he was not worthy of your virtue, I am able to testify to this on your behalf.
ἀπολύων δέ σε τοῦ τότε συναδικεῖν ἡμᾶς μέμφομαι τοῦ §10.6.4νῦν ἡμῖν μὴ συναγανακτεῖν.
While clearing you of having joined in wronging us at that time, I blame you for not joining in our indignation now.
ἵνα δὲ μᾶλλον μάθῃς, ἡλίκον ἄρα τῇ πόλει κακὸν ἐπιτρέφων ἐλάνθανες, ὡς ὠμὸν καὶ τυραννικὸν καὶ οὐδὲ φόνου πολιτικοῦ καθαρόν, ἄκουσον αὐτοῦ φιλότιμον ἔργον καὶ ἀντιπαρεξέτασον αὐτῷ τὰς ἐν τοῖς πολέμοις ἀριστείας· καὶ ὑμῶν ὅσοι συνεπαθεῖτε ἀρτίως οἰκτιζομένῳ τῷ ἀνδρὶ σκοπεῖτε, εἰ ἄρα καλῶς ὑμῖν ἔχει τοιούτου φείσασθαι πολίτου.
And so that you may better learn what a great evil to the city you were unaware of nurturing—how cruel, tyrannical, and not even clean of the murder of a citizen—listen to a certain honorable deed of his, and compare with it his exploits in the wars; and those of you who were just now sympathizing with this man as he lamented, consider whether indeed it is well for you to spare such a citizen."

Notes

  1. 10.6.1μὴ δόντος ἐκείνου δίκην — Genitive absolute construction expressing a conditional force ("if he does not pay the penalty").
  2. 10.6.3ἐλάνθανέ σε τοιοῦτος ὤν — The verb λανθάνω is used with the participle ὤν, meaning "to do something without being noticed" or "to be unaware of being/doing." With the accusative pronoun σε, it means "you were unaware that he was such a man."
  3. 10.6.3μέμφομαι τοῦ νῦν ἡμῖν μὴ συναγανακτεῖν — The verb μέμφομαι ("to blame") is followed by the articular infinitive in the genitive case (τοῦ... μὴ συναγανακτεῖν) to express the cause of the blame ("for not joining in our indignation").
  4. 10.6.4ἡλίκον ἄρα τῇ πόλει κακὸν ἐπιτρέφων ἐλάνθανες — Another instance of λανθάνω with a participle (ἐπιτρέφων), forming an indirect question: "how great an evil to the city you were unaware of nurturing."

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §10.6.1-10.6.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:10.6.1-10.6.4

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