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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §10.46.1-10.46.8

Siccius' Surprise Attack on the Aequian Camp and Roman Victory

Passage 786 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Siccius led his men through an unseen bypass, successfully launching a surprise attack and capturing the Aequian camp from its unguarded rear. This shifted the tide of battle, securing a Roman victory, and Siccius returned unharmed to be hailed as a hero by his men.

§10.46.1ὁ δὲ Σίκκιος ἑτέραν ἀποστραφείς, οὐχ ἣν ὁ Ῥωμίλιος ὑπελάμβανε, παρὰ τὴν λαγόνα τοῦ ὄρους ἦγεν.
Siccius, turning in another direction, not the one Romilius expected, led his men along the flank of the mountain.
ἔπειτα — ἦν γάρ τις δρυμὸς ὕλην βαθεῖαν ἔχων — εἰς τοῦτον ἄγων τοὺς ἄνδρας ἵσταταί τε καί φησιν· ὑπὸ μὲν τοῦ ἡγεμόνος ἀπεστάλμεθα, ὥσπερ ὁρᾶτε, ἀπολούμενοι.
Then—for there was a certain oak forest with deep woods—leading his men into this, he halted and said: "We have been sent by the general, as you see, to perish.
ἐδόκει γὰρ ἡμᾶς τὴν πλαγίαν χωρήσειν ὁδόν, ἣν ἀναβαίνοντας ἀμήχανον ἦν μὴ οὐ φανεροὺς τοῖς πολεμίοις γενέσθαι.
For he thought we would take the path along the slope, where, as we ascended, it was impossible not to become visible to the enemy.
ἐγὼ δʼ ὑμᾶς ἄξω κατʼ ἄδηλον τοῖς ἐχθροῖς ὁδὸν καὶ πολλὰς ἐλπίδας ἔχω τρίβων ἐπιλήψεσθαί τινων, αἳ κατὰ κορυφῆς ἄξουσιν ἡμᾶς ἐπὶ τὸν χάρακα· καὶ ἐλπίδας χρηστὰς ἔχετε. §10.46.2ταῦτʼ εἰπὼν ἦγε διὰ τοῦ δρυμοῦ, καὶ πολὺν ἤδη διεληλυθὼς τόπον εὑρίσκει κατὰ δαίμονα ἄνδρα ἐξ ἀγροῦ ποθεν ἀπιόντα, ὃν τοῖς νεωτάτοις συλλαβεῖν κελεύσας ἡγεμόνα ποιεῖται τῆς ὁδοῦ.
But I shall lead you by a path unseen by the enemy, and I have great hopes of hitting upon some paths which will lead us from the summit down upon the camp; so have good hopes." Having said this, he led them through the forest, and having already traversed a great space, he found by chance a man coming from some field, whom he ordered the youngest to seize and made him guide of the way.
κἀκεῖνος αὐτοὺς ἄγων περὶ τὸ ὄρος σὺν πολλῷ χρόνῳ καθίστησιν ἐπὶ τὸν παρακείμενον τῷ χάρακι λόφον, §10.46.3ὅθεν ἦν ταχεῖα καὶ εὐεπίφορος ἐπʼ αὐτὸν ὁδός.
And he, leading them around the mountain, after a long time brought them to the hill adjacent to the camp, from which there was a quick and easy descent to it.
ἐν ᾧ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἐγίνετο χρόνῳ, συνῄεσαν αἵ τε τῶν Ῥωμαίων καὶ αἱ τῶν Αἰκανῶν δυνάμεις ὁμόσε καὶ καταστᾶσαι ἐμάχοντο, πλήθει τʼ ἀγχώμαλοι οὖσαι καὶ ὁπλισμοῖς καὶ προθυμίαν παρεχόμεναι τὴν αὐτήν· καὶ διέμειναν ἐπὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἰσόρροποι, τοτὲ μὲν ἐπιβαίνοντες ἀλλήλοις, τοτὲ δʼ ὑποχωροῦντες, ἱππεῖς τε ἱππεῦσι καὶ πεζοὶ πεζοῖς, καὶ ἔπεσον ἐξ ἑκατέρων
During the time that this was happening, the forces of both the Romans and the Aequians came together and, having engaged, fought, being equal in numbers and armor, and displaying the same zeal; and they remained well-balanced for a long time, now attacking one another, now retreating, horse against horse and foot against foot, and there fell from both sides illustrious men.
§10.46.4ἄνδρες ἐπιφανεῖς. ἔπειτα κρίσιν λαμβάνει ὁ πόλεμος ἐπιτελῆ.
Then the war reached a decisive end.
ὁ γὰρ Σίκκιος καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ, ἐπειδὴ πλησίον ἐγένοντο τῆς παρεμβολῆς τῶν Αἰκανῶν, ἀφύλακτον εὑρόντες ἐκεῖνο τὸ μέρος τοῦ χάρακος — ἐπὶ γὰρ θάτερα τὰ πρὸς τοὺς μαχομένους ἐστραμμένα μέρη πᾶσα ἡ φυλάττουσα αὐτὸν δύναμις ἐτράπετο κατὰ θέαν τοῦ ἀγῶνος — ἐπεισπεσόντες κατὰ πολλὴν εὐπέτειαν κατὰ κορυφῆς γίνονται τῶν φυλάκων.
For Siccius and those with him, when they came near the camp of the Aequians, finding that part of the camp unguarded—for all the force guarding it had turned to the other side facing the combatants to watch the struggle—bursting in with great ease, came upon the heads of the guards.
§10.46.5ἔπειτʼ ἀλαλάξαντες ἔθεον ἐπʼ αὐτούς· οἱ δʼ ὑπὸ τοῦ παρʼ ἐλπίδα δεινοῦ ἐκταραχθέντες καὶ οὐ τοσούτους εἶναι δόξαντες, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἕτερον ἥκειν ὕπατον ἄγοντα τὴν σὺν αὐτῷ δύναμιν, ἐρρίπτουν ἔξω τοῦ χάρακος ἑαυτούς, οὐδὲ τὰ ὅπλα οἱ πολλοὶ φυλάξαντες.
Then, shouting their war-cry, they ran upon them; and they, terrified by the unexpected danger and not thinking that they were so few, but that the other consul had come leading the force with him, threw themselves out of the camp, most of them not even keeping their weapons.
οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Σίκκιον τοὺς καταλαμβανομένους αὐτῶν φονεύοντες καὶ τοῦ χάρακος κρατήσαντες ἐχώρουν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἐν τῷ πεδίῳ.
And Siccius and his men, slaying those of them whom they overtook and having captured the camp, advanced against those in the plain.
§10.46.6οἱ δὲ Αἰκανοὶ τοῦ χάρακος τὴν ἅλωσιν ἀπό τε τῆς φυγῆς καὶ τῆς κραυγῆς τῶν σφετέρων αἰσθόμενοι καὶ μετʼ οὐ πολὺ κατὰ νώτου σφίσι τοὺς πολεμίους ἐπιόντας ὁρῶντες, οὐκέτι γενναῖον οὐδὲν ἀπεδείξαντο, ἀλλὰ διασπάσαντες τὰς τάξεις ἔσῳζον ἑαυτοὺς ἄλλοι κατʼ ἄλλας ὁδούς· ἔνθα ὁ πλεῖστος αὐτῶν ἐγίνετο φόνος.
And the Aequians, perceiving the capture of the camp from the flight and shouting of their own men, and seeing not long after the enemy attacking them in the rear, no longer showed any courage, but breaking their ranks, saved themselves, some by one way, some by another; where the greatest slaughter of them took place.
οὐ γὰρ ἀνίεσαν οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι μέχρι νυκτὸς διώκοντές τε καὶ κτείνοντες τοὺς ἁλισκομένους.
For the Romans did not slacken, pursuing and killing those who were captured until night.
§10.46.7ὁ δὲ πλείστους τʼ αὐτῶν διαφθείρας καὶ λαμπρότατα ἔργα ἀποδειξάμενος Σίκκιος ἦν, ὅς, ἐπειδὴ τέλος ἑώρα τὰ τῶν πολεμίων ἔχοντα σκότους ὄντος ἤδη, τὴν σπεῖραν ἄγων ἐπὶ τὸν κρατηθέντα ὑπὸ σφῶν χάρακα ἀνέστρεφε μεγάλης χαρᾶς καὶ πολλοῦ μεστὸς ὢν αὐχήματος.
And the one who destroyed the most of them and showed the most brilliant deeds was Siccius, who, when he saw that the affairs of the enemy were finally finished, as it was already dark, led his cohort back to the camp they had captured, being full of great joy and much pride.
§10.46.8οἵ τε περὶ αὐτὸν ἀθῷοι καὶ ἀβλαβεῖς πάντες οὐ μόνον οὐδὲν παθόντες ὧν προσεδόκησαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ δόξαν ἐπιφανεστάτην ἐξενεγκάμενοι, πατέρα καὶ σωτῆρα καὶ θεὸν καὶ πάντα τὰ τιμιώτατα ὀνομάζοντες ἀπλήστως εἶχον ἀσπασμῶν τε τοῦ ἀνδρὸς καὶ τῶν ἄλλων φιλοφρονήσεων.
And those with him, all safe and unharmed, having not only suffered none of the things they expected but also won the most illustrious glory, calling him father, savior, god, and all the most honorable names, could not get enough of embracing the man and showing other kindnesses.
ἐν δὲ τούτῳ καὶ ἡ ἄλλη τῶν Ῥωμαίων φάλαγξ ἅμα τοῖς ὑπάτοις ἀπὸ τῆς διώξεως ἀνέστρεφεν ἐπὶ τὸν ἑαυτῆς χάρακα.
Meanwhile, the other phalanx of the Romans, together with the consuls, returned from the pursuit to their own camp.

Notes

  1. 10.46.1ἑτέραν ἀποστραφείς — The adjective ἑτέραν (other) is in the feminine accusative singular, modifying the omitted noun ὁδόν (way). Combined with the aorist passive participle ἀποστραφείς (having turned) used intransitively, it means 'having turned onto another road.'
  2. 10.46.1μὴ οὐ φανεροὺς τοῖς πολεμίοις γενέσθαι — A double negation construction. Since the preceding impersonal expression ἀμήχανον ἦν (it was impossible) has a negative meaning, the following infinitive is accompanied by the negative particles μὴ οὐ. It means 'it was impossible not to become visible,' i.e., 'they would inevitably become visible.'
  3. 10.46.3ἐν ᾧ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἐγίνετο χρόνῳ — A relative adjective construction where ᾧ agrees in gender, number, and case with its antecedent χρόνῳ within the relative clause, incorporating the antecedent. It is equivalent to ἐν τῷ χρόνῳ, ἐν ᾧ... (in the time, in which this was happening).
  4. 10.46.5καὶ οὐ τοσούτους εἶναι δόξαντες, ἀλλὰ τὸν ἕτερον ἥκειν ὕπατον ἄγοντα τὴν σὺν αὐτῷ δύναμιν — An accusative with infinitive construction introduced by the participle δόξαντες (thinking). In the first half, the accusative subject of εἶναι is omitted but refers contextually to the Romans, meaning 'not thinking that they (Siccius's men) were so few.' In the second half, the accusative subject τὸν ἕτερον ... ὕπατον corresponds to the infinitive ἥκειν, meaning 'but thinking that the other consul had come leading the force with him.'

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §10.46.1-10.46.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:10.46.1-10.46.8

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