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Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §10.44.1-10.44.5

Romilius' Attack Order and the Protest of Siccius

Passage 784 of 962 · Greek

Summary

Consul Romilius decides to begin the battle and orders Siccius to lead his veteran cohort in a flanking attack on the enemy's camp, but Siccius points out the extreme danger of the operation and requests sufficient reinforcements.

§10.44.1ταῦθʼ ὁρῶσι τοῖς ὑπάτοις ἐδόκει μηκέτι διατρίβειν τὸν πόλεμον.
Seeing this, it seemed best to the consuls no longer to delay the war.
ἦν δʼ ἐν ἐκείναις ταῖς ἡμέραις ἡ τοῦ πολεμεῖν ἐξουσία Ῥωμιλίῳ προσήκουσα, καὶ ὁ τὸ σύνθημα διδοὺς καὶ εἰς τάξιν καθιστὰς ἄρχειν τε καὶ παύεσθαι μάχης τὸν καιρὸν ταμιεύων ἐκεῖνος ἦν·
And in those days the authority to conduct the war belonged to Romilius, and he was the one who gave the watchword, drew up the army, and regulated the proper time for beginning and ceasing battle.
ὃς ἐπειδὴ τὰ σημεῖα ἐκέλευσεν ἀρθῆναι ἐκ τῆς μάχης καὶ προῆγεν ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος τὸν στρατόν, τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους ἔτασσεν ἱππεῖς τε καὶ τοὺς πεζοὺς κατὰ σπείρας ἐν τοῖς ἐπιτηδείοις ἑκάστους τόποις, τὸν δὲ Σίκκιον καλέσας λέγει· §10.44.2ἡμεῖς μέν, ὦ Σίκκιε, μαχούμεθα τοῖς πολεμίοις ἐνθάδε, σὺ δʼ ἐν ὅσῳ μέλλομεν ἔτι καὶ παρασκευαζόμεθα τὰ πρὸς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἀμφότεροι, χώρει τὴν πλαγίαν ἐκείνην ὁδὸν ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος, ἔνθα ἡ τῶν πολεμίων ἐστὶ παρεμβολή, καὶ μάχην τίθεσο πρὸς τοὺς ἐν τῷ χάρακι, ἵνʼ ἢ περὶ τῷ φρουρίῳ δείσαντες οἱ πρὸς ἡμᾶς μαχόμενοι καὶ βοηθεῖν προθυμούμενοι νῶτά τε δείξωσι καὶ εὐκατέργαστοι γένωνται, καθάπερ εἰκὸς ἐν ἀναχωρήσει ταχείᾳ, καὶ εἰς μίαν ὁδὸν ἅπαντες βιαζόμενοι, ἢ μένοντες αὐτόθι τὸν χάρακα ἀποβάλωσιν.
When he ordered the standards to be raised for battle and led the army out of the camp, he drew up the rest, both horse and foot, by cohorts in their respective suitable places, and calling Siccius, he said: "We, Siccius, shall fight with the enemy here, but while we both are still delaying and preparing for the contest, go by that roundabout path to the mountain where the camp of the enemy is, and join battle with those in the camp, so that either those who are fighting against us, fearing for their fortress and eager to bring help, may turn their backs and become easy to defeat, as is natural in a hasty retreat, when all are crowding into a single road, or, by remaining there, they may lose their camp.
§10.44.3οὔτε γὰρ ἡ φυλάττουσα αὐτὸν δύναμις ἀξιόμαχός ἐστιν, ὡς εἰκάσειεν ἄν τις, ἐπὶ τῷ ἐρυμνῷ τοῦ τόπου δοκοῦσα εἶναι πᾶν τὸ ἀσφαλές· ἥ τε ἅμα σοι δύναμις ἀποχρῶσα γένοιτʼ ἄν, ἄνδρες ὀκτακόσιοι πολλῶν ἀθληταὶ πολέμων, τεταραγμένους σκηνοφύλακας ἀπροσδόκητοι προσπεσόντες τῷ τολμηρῷ ἑλεῖν. §10.44.4καὶ ὁ Σίκκιος ἔφησεν·
For neither is the force guarding it strong enough for battle, as one might conjecture, since it thinks that all its safety lies in the strength of the place; and at the same time the force with you, eight hundred men who are veterans of many wars, would be sufficient, by falling upon them unexpectedly, to capture by their daring the confused camp-guards." And Siccius said: "For my part, I am ready to obey in all things; however, the task is not as easy as it seems to you.
ἀλλʼ ἔγωγε ἅπαντα μὲν ἕτοιμος ὑπηρετεῖν· τὸ μέντοι ἔργον οὐ ῥᾴδιον ὥσπερ σοι δοκεῖ. ὑψηλή τε γὰρ ἡ πέτρα καὶ ἀπότομος, ἐφʼ ἧς ὁ χάραξ, ὁδόν τε οὐδεμίαν ὁρῶ φέρουσαν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς ἔξω τῆς μιᾶς, ᾗ καταβήσονται οἱ πολέμιοι πρὸς ἡμᾶς, φυλακήν τʼ εἰκὸς ἀξιόμαχον εἶναι ἐν αὐτῇ· κἂν ὀλίγη δὲ πάνυ καὶ φαύλη τις οὖσα τύχῃ, πρὸς πολλῷ πλείονα ἢ τὴν σὺν ἐμοὶ δύναμιν ἀντέχειν οἵα τε ἔσται, τό τε χωρίον αὐτὸ παρέξει τῇ φυλακῇ τοῦ μὴ ἁλώσεσθαι τὸ ἀσφαλές.
For the rock on which the camp stands is high and precipitous, and I see no path leading to them except the single one by which the enemy will come down to face us, and it is likely that there is a strong guard in it; and even if it should happen to be very small and weak, it will be able to hold out against a force many times larger than the one with me, and the place itself will afford safety to the guard against being captured.
§10.44.5ἀλλὰ μάλιστα μὲν ἀνάθου τὴν γνώμην — ἡ πεῖρα γὰρ ἐπισφαλής — εἰ δὲ πάντως ἔγνωσταί σοι δύο τίθεσθαι μάχας ἐν ἑνὶ καιρῷ, δύναμιν ἀξιόχρεων ἀνδρῶν ἐπιλέκτων τάξον ἀκολουθεῖν μοι σὺν τοῖς πρεσβυτέροις.
But preferably alter your mind—for the attempt is dangerous—but if it has been absolutely decided by you to join two battles at one time, assign a sufficient force of chosen men to follow me along with the veterans.
οὐ γὰρ κλέψοντες τὸ χωρίον, ἀλλὰ βίᾳ καὶ φανερῶς ἐξελοῦντες ἄνιμεν.
For we shall not ascend to steal the place, but to capture it by force and openly."

Notes

  1. 2108ἐκ τῆς μάχης — The manuscripts transmit ἐκ τῆς μάχης ('from the battle'), which does not fit the context where the general immediately leads the army out of the camp. This is likely a scribal error or omission for εἰς τὴν μάχην ('for battle') or similar, as adopted by most editors. The translation here takes it in the sense of raising the standards for the purpose of battle.
  2. p.v.4p.81ἵνʼ ἢ περὶ τῷ φρουρίῳ δείσαντες ... ἢ μένοντες αὐτόθι τὸν χάρακα ἀποβάλωσιν — Within the purpose clause introduced by ἵνα (here ἵνʼ), two alternative scenarios are presented by ἢ ... ἢ ... The main verbs of the first alternative are the aorist subjunctives δείξωσι and γένωνται, and that of the second is the aorist subjunctive ἀποβάλωσιν. The participle βιαζόμενοι in the first alternative describes how the fleeing enemy crowd into a single road.
  3. 2109ἥ τε ἅμα σοι δύναμις ἀποχρῶσα γένοιτʼ ἄν ... ἑλεῖν — The infinitive ἑλεῖν ('to capture') depends on the adjective ἀποχρῶσα ('sufficient'), explaining the purpose ('would be sufficient to capture'). The nominative adjective ἀπροσδόκητοι ('unexpected') modifies the subject (the men of the δύναμις) and is used adverbially ('unexpectedly'). τῷ τολμηρῷ is a dative of means ('by daring').
  4. 2109πρὸς πολλῷ πλείονα ἢ τὴν σὺν ἐμοὶ δύναμιν ἀντέχειν — The verb ἀντέχειν ('to hold out') is construed with the preposition πρός + accusative, here πολλῷ πλείονα ('many more [men]'). This is followed by the comparison 'ἢ τὴν σὺν ἐμοὶ δύναμιν' ('than the force with me'). The subject of the infinitive clause is the guard (ἡ φυλακή) understood from the context: '[the guard] will be able to hold out against a force many times larger than the one with me.'

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §10.44.1-10.44.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:10.44.1-10.44.5

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