Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §1.87.1-1.87.4
Armed Conflict Between the Brothers and the Death of Remus
Summary
A violent battle breaks out between the supporters of Romulus and Remus over the interpretation of the bird omens, leading to the deaths of Remus and their foster father Faustulus. Romulus eventually builds the city on the Palatine, and an alternative account of Remus's death involving his leaping over the city walls is also recorded.
§1.87.1ἀνίσταται δὴ ἐκ τούτου μείζων τῆς προτέρας ἔρις ἑκατέρου τὸ πλέον ἔχειν ἀφανῶς δικαιουμένου, τὸ δὲ μὴ μεῖον ἀναφανδὸν ἀπὸ δικαιώσεως τοιᾶς2δε ἐπισυνάπτοντος.
From this there arose a dispute greater than the former, since each of them, on the one hand, secretly claimed to have the advantage, and on the other hand, openly joined to this his not having less, on the basis of the following justification.
εἰρημένον γὰρ ἦν αὐτοῖς ὑπὸ τοῦ μητροπάτορος, ὅτῳ ἂν προτέρῳ κρείττους ὄρνιθες ἐπισημήνωσι, τοῦτον ἄρχειν τῆς ἀποικίας.
For it had been said to them by their grandfather that to whichever of the two the better birds should first appear, this one should rule the colony.
γένους δὲ ὀρνίθων ἑνὸς ἀμφοῖν ὀφθέντος ὁ μὲν τῷ πρότερος, ὁ δὲ τῷ πλείους ἰδεῖν ἐκρατύνετο.
But when one and the same kind of bird was seen by both, the one strengthened his claim by having been the first, and the other by having seen more.
συνελάμβανε δὲ αὐτοῖς τῆς φιλονεικίας καὶ τὸ ἄλλο πλῆθος ἦρξέ τε πολέμου δίχα τῶν ἡγεμόνων ὁπλισθέν, καὶ γίνεται μάχη καρτερὰ καὶ φόνος ἐξ ἀμφοῖν πολύς.
And the rest of the multitude also joined them in their rivalry, and having armed themselves without the leaders, they began a war, and a fierce battle took place, and there was much slaughter on both sides.
§1.87.2ἐν ταύτῃ φασί τινες τῇ μάχη τὸν Φαιστύλον, ὃς ἐξεθρέψατο τοὺς νεανίσκους, διαλῦσαι τὴν ἔριν τῶν ἀδελφῶν βουλόμενον, ὡς οὐδὲν οἷός τʼ ἦν ἀνύσαι, εἰς μέσους ὤσασθαι τοὺς μαχομένους ἄνοπλον θανάτου τοῦ ταχίστου τυχεῖν προθυμούμενον, ὅπερ καὶ ἐγένετο.
In this battle, some say that Faustulus, who had brought up the young men, wishing to dissolve the dispute of the brothers, when he was in no way able to accomplish anything, threw himself unarmed into the midst of those who were fighting, desiring to meet the swiftest death, which indeed came to pass.
τινὲς δὲ καὶ τὸν λέοντα τὸν λίθινον, ὃς ἔκειτο τῆς ἀγορᾶς τῆς τῶν Ῥωμαίων ἐν τῷ κρατίστῳ χωρίῳ παρὰ τοῖς ἐμβόλοις, ἐπὶ τῷ σώματι τοῦ Φαιστύλου τεθῆναί φασιν, ἔνθα ἔπεσεν ὑπὸ τῶν εὑρόντων ταφέντος.
And some say that the stone lion, which used to lie in the most principal part of the forum of the Romans near the rostra, was placed over the body of Faustulus, who was buried where he fell by those who found him.
§1.87.3ἀποθανόντος δʼ ἐν τῇ μάχῃ Ῥώμου νίκην οἰκτίστην ὁ Ῥωμύλος ἀπό τε τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ καὶ πολιτικῆς ἀλληλοκτονίας ἀνελόμενος τὸν μὲν Ῥῶμον ἐν τῇ Ῥεμορίᾳ θάπτει, ἐπειδὴ καὶ ζῶν τοῦ χωρίου τῆς κτίσεως περιείχετο, αὐτὸς δὲ ὑπὸ λύπης τε καὶ μετανοίας τῶν πεπραγμένων παρεὶς ἑαυτὸν εἰς ἀπόγνωσιν τοῦ βίου τρέπεται.
And Remus having died in the battle, Romulus, having won a most pitiful victory over his brother and from civil mutual slaughter, buried Remus in Remoria, since even while living he had clung to the founding of that place; but he himself, out of grief and repentance for what had been done, abandoned himself and turned to despair of life.
τῆς δὲ Λαυρεντίας, ἣ νεογνοὺς παραλαβοῦσα ἐξεθρέψατο καὶ μητρὸς οὐχ ἧττον ἠσπάζετο, δεομένης καὶ παρηγορούσης, ταύτῃ πειθόμενος ἀνίσταται· συναγαγὼν δὲ τοὺς Λατίνους, ὅσοι μὴ κατὰ τὴν μάχην διεφθάρησαν, ὀλίγῳ πλείους ὄντας τρισχιλίων ἐκ πάνυ πολλοῦ κατʼ ἀρχὰς γενομένου πλήθους, ὅτε τὴν ἀποικίαν ἔστελλε,
But when Laurentia, who had taken them in as newborns and brought them up, embracing them no less than a mother, entreated and consoled him, obeying her he arose; and having gathered together the Latins, as many as had not been destroyed in the battle, being slightly more than three thousand from a very great multitude that had originally been formed when he was sending out the colony, he built the town on the Palatine.
§1.87.4πολίζει τὸ Παλλάντιον. ὁ μὲν οὖν πιθανώτατος τῶν λόγων περὶ τῆς Ῥώμου τελευτῆς οὗτος εἶναί μοι δοκεῖ.
This indeed seems to me to be the most credible of the accounts concerning the death of Remus.
λεγέσθω δʼ ὅμως καὶ εἴ τις ἑτέρως ἔχων παραδέδοται.
But let there also be told if any other version has been handed down.
φασὶ δή τινες συγχωρήσαντʼ αὐτὸν τῷ Ῥωμύλῳ τὴν ἡγεμονίαν, ἀχθόμενον δὲ καὶ διʼ ὀργῆς ἔχοντα τὴν ἀπάτην, ἐπειδὴ κατεσκευάσθη τὸ τεῖχος φλαῦρον ἀποδεῖξαι τὸ ἔρυμα βουλόμενον, Ἀλλὰ τοῦτό γʼ, εἰπεῖν, οὐ χαλεπῶς ἄν τις ὑμῖν ὑπερβαίη πολέμιος, ὥσπερ ἐγώ· καὶ αὐτίκα ὑπεραλέσθαι· Κελέριον δέ τινα τῶν ἐπιβεβηκότων τοῦ τείχους, ὃς ἦν ἐπιστάτης τῶν ἔργων, Ἀλλὰ τοῦτόν γε τὸν πολέμιον οὐ χαλεπῶς ἄν τις ἡμῶν ἀμύναιτο, εἰπόντα, πλῆξαι τῷ σκαφείῳ κατὰ τῆς κεφαλῆς καὶ αὐτίκα ἀποκτεῖναι·
For some say that he had conceded the leadership to Romulus, but being vexed and holding the deception in anger, when the wall was built, wishing to show that the fortification was paltry, said, "Well, this at least any enemy could easily leap over, just as I do," and immediately leaped over it; and that a certain Celer, one of those who had mounted the wall, who was the overseer of the works, saying, "Well, this enemy at least any of us could easily ward off," struck him on the head with a spade and killed him immediately.
τὸ μὲν δὴ τέλος τῆς στάσεως τῶν ἀδελφῶν τοιοῦτο λέγεται γενέσθαι.
Such is said to have been the end of the discord of the brothers.
Notes
- 1.87.1ἑκατέρου τὸ πλέον ἔχειν ἀφανῶς δικαιουμένου, τὸ δὲ μὴ μεῖον ἀ나φανδὸν ἀπὸ δικαιώσεως τοιᾶσδε ἐπισυνάπτοντος — A genitive absolute construction. The singular pronoun `ἑκατέρου` (each of the two) functions as the logical subject of the clause, under which a contrast is drawn between the one who claims the advantage (`τὸ πλέον ἔχειν`, implicitly Romulus) and the other who claims not to have less (`τὸ δὲ μὴ μεῖον`, implicitly Remus), coordinated through the two genitive participles `δικαιουμένου` and `ἐπισυνάπτοντος`.
- 1.87.1εἰρημένον γὰρ ἦν αὐτοῖς — An impersonal pluperfect passive periphrastic construction composed of the neuter singular participle `εἰρημένον` and the auxiliary verb `ἦν`. The following clause `ὅτῳ ἂν... τοῦτον ἄρχειν` functions as the subject of this verbal expression.
- 1.87.4φασὶ δή τινες συγχωρήσαντʼ αὐτὸν — An accusative with infinitive (AcI) construction in indirect speech introduced by `φασί`. The accusative pronoun `αὐτόν` (he, referring to Remus) acts as the subject of the subsequent infinitives `εἰπεῖν` and `ὑπεραλέσθαι`, and the participle `συγχωρήσαντʼ` (having conceded) is in the accusative case to agree with it.
Cite this passage
Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §1.87.1-1.87.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.87.1-1.87.4
Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.
Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.