§1.74.1τὸν δὲ τελευταῖον γενόμενον τῆς Ῥώμης οἰκισμὸν ἢ κτίσιν ἢ ὅτι δήποτε χρὴ καλεῖν Τίμαιος μὲν ὁ Σικελιώτης οὐκ οἶδʼ ὅτῳ κανόνι χρησάμενος ἅμα Καρχηδόνι κτιζομένῃ γενέσθαι φησὶν ὀγδόῳ καὶ τριακοστῷ πρότερον ἔτει τῆς πρώτης ὀλυμπιάδος.
But the last settlement or founding of Rome, or whatever it should be called, Timaeus of Sicily, using I know not what system of chronology, says occurred at the same time as the founding of Carthage, thirty-eight years before the first Olympiad.
Λεύκιος δὲ Κίγκιος ἀνὴρ τῶν ἐκ τοῦ βουλευτικοῦ συνεδρίου περὶ τὸ τέταρτον ἔτος τῆς δωδεκάτης ὀλυμπιάδος.
Lucius Cincius, a man of the senatorial rank, [says it occurred] about the fourth year of the twelfth Olympiad.
Κόϊντος δὲ Φάβιος κατὰ τὸ πρῶτον ἔτος τῆς ὀγδόης ὀλυμπιάδος.
Quintus Fabius [says it occurred] in the first year of the eighth Olympiad.
§1.74.2Κάτων δὲ Πόρκιος Ἑλληνικὸν μὲν οὐχ ὁρίζει χρόνον, ἐπιμελὴς δὲ γενόμενος, εἰ καί τις ἄλλος, περὶ τὴν συναγωγὴν τῆς ἀρχαιολογουμένης ἱστορίας ἔτεσιν ἀποφαίνει δυσὶ καὶ τριάκοντα καὶ τετρακοσίοις ὑστεροῦσαν τῶν Ἰλιακῶν.
On the other hand, Porcius Cato does not define the time by a Greek date, but, having been diligent, if anyone else was, in the collection of ancient history, shows that it [the founding] was four hundred and thirty-two years later than the Trojan War.
ὁ δὲ χρόνος οὗτος ἀναμετρηθεὶς ταῖς Ἐρατοσθένους χρονογραφίαις κατὰ τὸ πρῶτον ἔτος πίπτει τῆς ἑβδόμης ὀλυμπιάδος.
And this time, being calculated by the chronological tables of Eratosthenes, falls in the first year of the seventh Olympiad.
ὅτι δέ εἰσιν οἱ κανόνες ὑγιεῖς, οἷς Ἐρατοσθένης κέχρηται, καὶ πῶς ἄν τις ἀπευθύνοι τοὺς Ῥωμαίων χρόνους πρὸς τοὺς Ἑλληνικούς, ἐν ἑτέρῳ δεδήλωταί μοι λόγῳ.
That the chronological tables which Eratosthenes used are sound, and how one might align the Roman dates with the Greek ones, has been shown by me in another book.
§1.74.3οὐ γὰρ ἠξίουν ὡς Πολύβιος ὁ Μεγαλοπολίτης τοσοῦτο μόνον εἰπεῖν, ὅτι κατὰ τὸ δεύτερον ἔτος τῆς ἑβδόμης ὀλυμπιάδος τὴν Ῥώμην ἐκτίσθαι πείθομαι, οὐδʼ ἐπὶ τοῦ παρὰ τοῖς ἀρχιερεῦσι κειμένου πίνακος ἑνὸς καὶ μόνου τὴν πίστιν ἀβασάνιστον καταλιπεῖν, ἀλλὰ τοὺς ἐπιλογισμούς, οἷς αὐτὸς προσεθέμην, εἰς μέσον ὑπευθύνους τοῖς βουληθεῖσιν ἐσομένους ἐξενεγκεῖν.
For I did not think it fit, like Polybius of Megalopolis, to say only this much: "I am convinced that Rome was founded in the second year of the seventh Olympiad," nor to leave the credibility unexamined by relying on a single tablet kept by the high priests, but rather to bring into the open the calculations which I myself accepted, so that they might be subject to examination by those who wish.
§1.74.4ἡ μὲν οὖν ἀκρίβεια ἐν ἐκείνῳ δηλοῦται τῷ λόγῳ, λεχθήσεται δὲ καὶ διὰ τῆσδε τῆς πραγματείας αὐτὰ τἀναγκαιότατα. ἔχει δὲ οὕτως·
The exact details, then, are shown in that book, but the most necessary points will be stated also in this work.
ἡ Κελτῶν ἔφοδος, καθʼ ἣν ἡ Ῥωμαίων πόλις ἑάλω, συμφωνεῖται σχεδὸν ὑπὸ πάντων ἄρχοντος Ἀθήνησι Πυργίωνος γενέσθαι κατὰ τὸ πρῶτον ἔτος τῆς ὀγδόνς καὶ ἐνενηκοστῆς ὀλυμπιάδος.
It is as follows: the invasion of the Celts, during which the city of the Romans was captured, is agreed upon by almost everyone to have occurred when Pyrgion was archon at Athens, in the first year of the ninety-eighth Olympiad.
ὁ δὲ πρὸ τῆς καταλήψεως χρόνος ἀναγόμενος εἰς Λεύκιον Ἰούνιον Βροῦτον καὶ Λεύκιον Ταρκύνιον Κολλατῖνον τοὺς πρώτους ὑπατεύσαντας ἐν Ῥώμῃ μετὰ τὴν κατάλυσιν τῶν βασιλέων ἔτη περιείληφεν εἴκοσι πρὸς τοῖς ἑκατόν.
And the time before the capture, being traced back to Lucius Junius Brutus and Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, the first consuls in Rome after the overthrow of the kings, comprises one hundred and twenty years.
§1.74.5δηλοῦται δὲ ἐξ ἄλλων τε πολλῶν καὶ τῶν καλουμένων τιμητικῶν ὑπομνημάτων, ἃ διαδέχεται παῖς παρὰ πατρὸς καὶ περὶ πολλοῦ ποιεῖται τοῖς μεθʼ ἑαυτὸν ἐσομένοις ὥσπερ ἱερὰ πατρῷα παραδιδόναι·
This is shown both by many other things and by the so-called censorial records, which a son receives from his father and makes much of handing down to those who will come after him, just like ancestral sacred things.
πολλοὶ δʼ εἰσὶν ἀπὸ τῶν τιμητικῶν οἴκων ἄνδρες ἐπιφανεῖς οἱ διαφυλάττοντες αὐτά·
And there are many illustrious men from censorial families who preserve them.
ἐν οἷς εὑρίσκω δευτέρῳ πρότερον ἔτει τῆς ἁλώσεως τίμησιν τοῦ Ῥωμαίων δήμου γενομένην, ᾗ παραγέγραπται καθάπερ καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις χρόνος οὗτος· ʽὑπατεύοντος Λευκίου Οὐαλερίου Ποτίτου καὶ Τίτου Μαλλίου Καπιτωλίνου μετὰ τὴν ἐκβολὴν τῶν βασιλέων ἑνὸς δέοντι εἰκοστῷ καὶ ἑκατοστῷ ἔτει. ʼ §1.74.6ὥστε τὴν Κελτικὴν ἔφοδον, ἣν τῷ δευτέρῳ μετὰ τὴν τίμησιν ἔτει γενομένην εὑρίσκομεν, ἐκπεπληρωμένων τῶν εἴκοσι καὶ ἑκατὸν ἐτῶν γενέσθαι.
In these I find that in the second year before the capture, a census of the Roman people took place, to which, just as to the others, this date was appended: "In the consulship of Lucius Valerius Potitus and Titus Manlius Capitolinus, in the one hundred and nineteenth year after the expulsion of the kings." So that the Celtic invasion, which we find occurred in the second year after the census, took place when the one hundred and twenty years had been fully completed.
εἰ δὲ τοῦτο τὸ διάστημα τοῦ χρόνου τριάκοντα ὀλυμπιάδων εὑρίσκεται γενόμενον, ἀνάγκη τοὺς πρώτους ἀποδειχθέντας ὑπάτους ὁμολογεῖν ἄρχοντος Ἀθήνησιν Ἰσαγόρου παρειληφέναι τὴν ἀρχὴν κατὰ τὸ πρῶτον ἔτος τῆς ὀγδόης καὶ ἑξηκοστῆς ὀλυμπιάδος.
And if this interval of time is found to be thirty Olympiads, it is necessary to agree that the first appointed consuls entered upon their office when Isagoras was archon at Athens, in the first year of the sixty-eighth Olympiad.