§1.34.1ὀλίγοις δʼ ὕστερον ἔτεσι μετὰ τοὺς Ἀρκάδας ἄλλος εἰς Ἰταλίαν ἀφικνεῖται στόλος Ἑλληνικὸς ἄγοντος Ἡρακλέους, ὃς Ἰβηρίαν καὶ τὰ μέχρι δυσμῶν ἡλίου πάντα χειρωσάμενος ἧκεν.
A few years later, after the Arcadians, another Greek expedition arrived in Italy under the leadership of Heracles, who came after having subdued Iberia and all the regions as far as the setting of the sun.
ἐξ ὧν τινες Ἡρακλέα παραιτησάμενοι τῆς πραγματείας ἀφεθῆναι, περὶ ταῦτα τὰ χωρία ὑπέμειναν καὶ πολίζονται λόφον ἐπιτήδειον εὑρόντες, τρισταδίῳ δὲ μάλιστα μήκει τοῦ Παλλαντίου διειργόμενον, ὅς νῦν μὲν Καπιτωλῖνος ὀνομάζεται, ὑπὸ δὲ τῶν τότε ἀνθρώπων Σατόρνιος ἐλέγετο, ὥσπερ ἂν εἴποι τις Ἑλλάδι φωνῇ Κρόνιος.
Some of these men, having begged Heracles to be released from the service, remained around these places and built a town, having found a suitable hill, which was separated from the Pallantium by a distance of about three stades, which is now called the Capitoline, but by the people of that time was called Saturnius, just as if one were to say in the Greek tongue, Kronios.
§1.34.2τῶν δὲ ὑπολειφθέντων οἱ μὲν πλείους ἦσαν Πελοποννήσιοι, Φενεᾶταί τε καὶ Ἐπειοὶ ἐξ Ἤλιδος, οἷς οὐκέτι πόθος ἦν τῆς οἴκαδε ὁδοῦ διαπεπορθημένης αὐτοῖς τῆς πατρίδος ἐν τῷ πρὸς Ἡρακλέα πολέμῳ, ἐμέμικτο δέ τι καὶ Τρωικὸν αὐτοῖς τῶν ἐπὶ Λαομέδοντος αἰχμαλώτων ἐξ Ἰλίου γενομένων ὅτε τῆς πόλεως Ἡρακλῆς ἐκράτησε.
Of those who were left behind, the greater part were Peloponnesians, Pheneats and Epeans from Elis, who no longer had any desire to return home, since their country had been utterly destroyed in the war against Heracles; and there was also mixed with them some Trojan element from the captives taken from Ilium in the time of Laomedon when Heracles captured the city.
δοκεῖ δέ μοι καὶ τοῦ ἄλλου στρατοῦ πᾶν, εἴ τι καματηρὸν ἢ τῇ πλάνῃ ἀχθόμενον ἦν, ἄφεσιν τῆς στρατείας αἰτησάμενον ἐν τῷ χωρίῳ §1.34.3τῷδε ὑπομεῖναι.
It seems to me that also from the rest of the army, anyone who was exhausted or weary of wandering, having asked for discharge from the service, remained in this place.
τὸ δὲ ὄνομα τῷ λόφῳ τινὲς μὲν ὥσπερ ἔφην ἀρχαῖον οἴονται εἶναι, καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ τοὺς Ἐπειοὺς οὐχ ἥκιστα φιλοχωρῆσαι τῷ λόφῳ μνήμῃ τοῦ ἐν Ἤλιδι Κρονίου λόφου, ὅς ἐστιν ἐν τῇ Πισάτιδι γῇ ποταμοῦ πλησίον Ἀλφειοῦ, καὶ αὐτὸν ἱερὸν τοῦ Κρόνου νομίζοντες Ἠλεῖοι θυσίαις καὶ ἄλλαις τιμαῖς συνιόντες γεραίρουσιν ἐν ὡρισμένοις χρόνοις.
As for the name of the hill, some indeed believe it to be ancient, as I said, and that for this reason the Epeans were especially fond of the hill, in memory of the Kronian hill in Elis, which is in the territory of Pisa near the river Alpheius, and which the Elians, regarding as sacred to Kronos, honor by assembling at stated times with sacrifices and other honors.
§1.34.4Εὔξενος δὲ ποιητὴς ἀρχαῖος καὶ ἄλλοι τινὲς τῶν Ἰταλικῶν μυθογράφων ὑπʼ αὐτῶν οἴονται Πισατῶν διὰ τὴν ὁμοιότητα τοῦ παρὰ σφίσι Κρονίου τεθῆναι τῷ τόπῳ τοὔνομα, καὶ τὸν βωμὸν τῷ Κρόνῳ τοὺς Ἐπειοὺς ἱδρύσασθαι μεθʼ Ἡρακλέους, ὃς ἔτι καὶ νῦν διαμένει παρὰ τῇ ῥίζῃ τοῦ λόφου κατὰ τὴν ἄνοδον τὴν ἀπὸ τῆς ἀγορᾶς φέρουσαν εἰς τὸ Καπιτώλιον, τήν τε θυσίαν, ἣν καὶ ἐπʼ ἐμοῦ Ῥωμαῖοι ἔθυον φυλάττοντες τὸν Ἑλληνικὸν νόμον, ἐκείνους εἶναι τοὺς καταστησαμένους.
But Euxenus, an ancient poet, and some others of the Italian mythographers, believe that the name was given to the place by the Pisans themselves because of its resemblance to their own Kronian hill, and that the Epeans, together with Heracles, established the altar to Kronos, which still remains even now at the foot of the hill near the ascent leading from the forum to the Capitol, and that they were the ones who instituted the sacrifice which even in my time the Romans offered, keeping the Greek custom.
§1.34.5ὡς δʼ ἐγὼ συμβαλλόμενος εὑρίσκω, καὶ πρὶν Ἡρακλέα ἐλθεῖν εἰς Ἰταλίαν ἱερὸς ἦν ὁ τόπος τοῦ Κρόνου καλούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν ἐπιχωρίων Σατόρνιος, καὶ ἡ ἄλλη δὲ ἀκτὴ σύμπασα ἡ νῦν Ἰταλία καλουμένη τῷ θεῷ τούτῳ ἀνέκειτο, Σατορνία πρὸς τῶν ἐνοικούντων ὀνομαζομένη, ὡς ἔστιν εὑρεῖν ἔν τε Σιβυλλείοις τισὶ λογίοις καὶ ἄλλοις χρηστηρίοις ὑπὸ τῶν θεῶν δεδομένοις εἰρημένον, ἱερά τε πολλαχῇ τῆς χώρας ἐστὶν ἱδρυμένα τῷ θεῷ καὶ πόλεις τινὲς οὕτως ὥσπερ ἡ σύμπασα τότε ἀκτὴ ὀνομαζόμεναι χῶροί τε πολλοὶ τοῦ δαίμονος ἐπώνυμοι καὶ μάλιστα οἱ σκόπελοι καὶ τὰ μετέωρα·
But as I find by conjecture, even before Heracles came to Italy, the place was sacred to Kronos, being called Saturnius by the inhabitants, and the whole of the rest of the peninsula now called Italy was consecrated to this god, being named Saturnia by the inhabitants, as may be found stated both in certain Sibylline oracles and in other prophecies given by the gods; and there are sanctuaries established to the god in many parts of the country, and some cities named in the same way as the whole peninsula was then, and many places named after the deity, especially promontories and high places.