Humanitext Reader

Dionysius of Halicarnassus · Roman Antiquities §1.20.1-1.20.5

Pelasgian-Aborigine Alliance and City Foundations

Passage 20 of 962 · Greek

Summary

After reconciling with the Aborigines and receiving land around the sacred lake (later Velia), the Pelasgians—following an explanation of the digamma—cooperated with them to capture the Umbrian city of Cortona and drive out the Sicels, establishing several joint cities.

§1.20.1ἐλθοῦσι δὴ τοῖς Ἀβοριγῖσι σὺν πολλῇ στρατιᾷ ἱκετηρίας οἱ Πελασγοὶ προτείνοντες ὁμόσε χωροῦσιν ἄνοπλοι φράζοντές τε τὰς ἑαυτῶν τύχας καὶ δεόμενοι πρὸς φιλίαν δέξασθαι σφᾶς συνοίκους οὐ λυπηροὺς ἐσομένους, ἐπεὶ καὶ τὸ δαιμόνιον αὐτοὺς εἰς τήνδε μόνην ἄγει τὴν χώραν, ἐξηγούμενοι τὸ λόγιον.
When the Aborigines came against them with a large army, the Pelasgians, holding out suppliant branches, went to meet them unarmed, explaining their fortunes and begging to be received in friendship as fellow-inhabitants who would not be troublesome, since the deity also was leading them to this country alone, expounding the oracle.
§1.20.2τοῖς δὲ Ἀβοριγῖσι ταῦτα πυθομένοις ἐδόκει πείθεσθαι τῷ θεοπροπίῳ καὶ λαβεῖν συμμαχίαν Ἑλληνικὴν κατὰ τῶν διαφόρων σφίσι βαρβάρων, πονουμένοις τῷ πρὸς τοὺς Σικελοὺς πολέμῳ.
The Aborigines, on hearing this, decided to obey the oracle and to secure a Greek alliance against the barbarians who were at variance with them, as they were hard pressed by the war against the Sicels.
σπένδονταί τε δὴ πρὸς τοὺς Πελασγοὺς καὶ διδόασιν αὐτοῖς χωρία τῆς ἑαυτῶν ἀποδασάμενοι τὰ περὶ τὴν ἱερὰν λίμνην, ἐν οἷς ἦν τὰ πολλὰ ἑλώδη, ἃ νῦν κατὰ τὸν ἀρχαῖον τῆς διαλέκτου τρόπον Οὐέλια ὀνομάζεται.
So they made a treaty with the Pelasgians and gave them a portion of their own land around the sacred lake, most of which was marshy, which is now called Velia according to the ancient manner of their dialect.
§1.20.3σύνηθες γὰρ ἦν τοῖς ἀρχαίοις Ἕλλησιν ὡς τὰ πολλὰ προτιθέναι τῶν ὀνομάτων, ὁπόσων αἱ ἀρχαὶ ἀπὸ φωνηέντων ἐγίνοντο, τὴν ου συλλαβὴν ἑνὶ στοιχείῳ γραφομένην.
For it was customary for the ancient Greeks generally to prefix to those words which began with vowels the syllable "ou" written as a single letter.
τοῦτο δʼ ἦν ὥσπερ γάμμα διτταῖς ἐπὶ μίαν ὀρθὴν ἐπιζευγνύμενον ταῖς πλαγίοις, ὡς ϝελένη καὶ §1.20.4ϝάναξ καὶ ϝοῖκος καὶ ϝαὴρ καὶ πολλὰ τοιαῦτα.
This was like a gamma with two horizontal lines joined to one vertical, as in welene and wanax, woikos, waer, and many such words.
ἔπειτα μοῖρά τις αὐτῶν οὐκ ἐλαχίστη, ὡς ἡ γῆ πᾶσιν οὐκ ἀπέχρη, πείσαντες τοὺς Ἀβοριγῖνας συνάρασθαί σφισι τῆς ἐξόδου στρατεύουσιν ἐπὶ τοὺς Ὀμβρικοὺς καὶ πόλιν αὐτῶν εὐδαίμονα καὶ μεγάλην ἄφνω προσπεσόντες αἱροῦσι Κρότωνα·
Then, a not insignificant portion of them, since the land was not sufficient for all, having persuaded the Aborigines to assist them in their expedition, marched against the Umbrians, and falling upon them suddenly, took Croton, a prosperous and great city of theirs.
ταύτῃ φρουρίῳ καὶ ἐπιτειχίσματι κατὰ τῶν Ὀμβρικῶν χρώμενοι, κατεσκευασμένῃ τε ὡς ἔρυμα εἶναι πολέμου ἀποχρώντως καὶ χώραν ἐχούσῃ τὴν πέριξ εὔβοτον, πολλῶν καὶ ἄλλων ἐκράτησαν χωρίων τοῖς τε Ἀβοριγῖσι τὸν πρὸς τοὺς Σικελοὺς πόλεμον ἔτι συνεστῶτα πολλῇ προθυμίᾳ συνδιέφερον, ἕως ἐξήλασαν αὐτοὺς ἐκ τῆς σφετέρας.
Using this city as a fortress and stronghold against the Umbrians—since it was sufficiently prepared to be a bulwark of war and had a surrounding territory rich in pasturage—they also gained possession of many other places, and with great zeal helped the Aborigines carry on the war against the Sicels which was still active, until they drove them out of their own country.
§1.20.5καὶ πόλεις πολλὰς, τὰς μὲν οἰκουμένας καὶ πρότερον ὑπὸ τῶν Σικελῶν, τὰς δʼ αὐτοὶ κατασκευάσαντες, ᾤκουν οἱ Πελασγοὶ κοινῇ μετὰ τῶν Ἀβοριγίνων, ὧν ἐστιν ἥ τε Καιρητανῶν πόλις, Ἄγυλλα δὲ τότε καλουμένη, καὶ Πίσα καὶ Σατορνία καὶ Ἄλσιον καὶ ἄλλαι τινὲς, ἃς ἀνὰ χρόνον ὑπὸ Τυρρηνῶν ἀφῃρέθησαν.
And many cities, some of which had been inhabited previously by the Sicels, and others which they themselves had established, were inhabited by the Pelasgians in common with the Aborigines; among which were the city of the Caeretans, then called Agylla, Pisa, Saturnia, Alsium, and some others, which in course of time were taken from them by the Tyrrhenians.

Notes

  1. 52ἐλθοῦσι δὴ τοῖς Ἀβοριγῖσι ... ὁμόσε χωροῦσιν — "ἐλθοῦσι τοῖς Ἀβοριγῖσι" is a dative construction acting as the complement of "ὁμόσε χωροῦσιν" (go to meet / approach). It describes the Pelasgians approaching the Aborigines who had come with a large army.
  2. 53τὴν ου συλλαβὴν ἑνὶ στοιχείῳ γραφομένην — Explains the ancient practice of writing the syllable "ou" (representing the W-sound, i.e., the digamma Ϝ) as a single letter.
  3. p.v.1p.32πείσαντες τοὺς Ἀβοριγῖνας συνάρασθαί σφισι τῆς ἐξόδου — "συνάρασθαι" is the infinitive of "συναιρέομαι" (to take part in, assist), which takes the dative (σφισι) and the genitive (τῆς ἐξόδου), meaning they persuaded the Aborigines to assist them in their expedition.
  4. 54τὰς μὲν οἰκουμένας καὶ πρότερον ὑπὸ τῶν Σικελῶν, τὰς δʼ αὐτοὶ κατασκευάσαντες — Accusative structure modifying "πόλεις πολλάς" (the object of "ᾤκουν") placed before the relative pronoun "ὧν". One part is modified by the perfect passive participle "οἰκουμένας" and the other by the active aorist participle "κατασκευάσαντες".

Cite this passage

Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities §1.20.1-1.20.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0081.tlg001.humanitext-grc2:1.20.1-1.20.5

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.