§12Ναί, φησίν τις, ἀλλὰ νῦν ἑκάστου καιρὸς ἴδιος ὑφ' ἡμῶν ἀποδέδεικται, σὺ δὲ τοῦτον ἐναλλάξας, εἰ καὶ μηδὲν ἄλλο ἐσφάλης, ὅμως τῷ δικαίῳ λόγῳ οὐκ ἂν ἔξω εἴης τοῦ ἡμαρτηκέναι, ὥσπερ ἂν εἴ τις περὶ τῇ κνήμῃ τὸ κράνος ἢ περὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ τὰς κνημῖδας ἐπιδήσαιτο. Ἀλλ', ὦ βέλτιστε, φαίην ἂν κἀγὼ πρὸς αὐτόν, εἰκότως ἂν ταῦτα ἔλεγες, εἴ τις ὅλως καιρὸς ἦν ὑγιείας μὴ δεόμενος, νῦν δὲ καὶ ἕωθεν καὶ μεσούσης ἡμέρας καὶ νύκτωρ ἀεὶ τὸ ὑγιαῖνον ἀναγκαῖον, καὶ μάλιστα τοῖς ἄρχουσι καὶ πολλὰ πράττουσιν ὑμῖν, ὅσῳ καὶ πρὸς τὰ πολλὰ δεῖσθε τοῦ σώματος.
"Yes," someone says, "but now the proper time for each has been demonstrated by us, and you, having swapped this, even if you made no other mistake, nevertheless, according to the right reason, you would not be outside of having erred, just as if someone should bind the helmet around his shin, or the greaves around his head." But, my good friend, I would say to him in turn, "You would be speaking reasonably if there were any time at all not in need of health; but as it is, both in the morning, at mid-day, and at night, being healthy is always necessary, and especially to you who govern and do many things, insofar as you also need the body for these many things.
ἔτι δὲ ὁ μὲν χαῖρε εἰπὼν μόνον εὐφήμῳ τῇ ἀρχῇ ἐχρήσατο, καὶ ἔστιν εὐχὴ το πρᾶγμα, ὁ δὲ ὑγιαίνειν παρακελευόμενος καὶ χρήσιμόν τι δρᾷ καὶ ὑπομιμνήσκει τῶν πρὸς τὸ ὑγιαίνειν συντελούντων, καὶ οὐ συνεύχεται μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ παραγγέλλει.
Furthermore, he who says 'rejoice' only makes use of an auspicious beginning, and the thing is a wish; but he who exhorts 'be healthy' both does something useful and reminds of the things contributing to health, and not only wishes along with him but also commands.
τί δ’;
What of it?
§13οὐχὶ καὶ ἐν τῷ τῶν ἐντολῶν βιβλίῳ, ὃ ἀεὶ παρὰ βασιλέως λαμβάνετε, τοῦτο πρῶτον ὑμῖν ἐστι παράγγελμα, τῆς ὑγιείας τῆς ὑμετέρας αὐτῶν ἐπιμελεῖσθαι;
Is this not also in the book of instructions, which you always receive from the Emperor, your first commandment: to take care of your own health?
καὶ μάλ' εἰκότως· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἂν εἴη ὄφελος ὑμῶν πρὸς τὰ ἄλλα μὴ οὕτω διακειμένων.
And very reasonably so; for there would be no use of you for other things if you were not in this state.
ἀλλὰ καὶ ὑμεῖς αὐτοί, εἴ τι κἀγὼ τῆς Ῥωμαίων φωνῆς ἐπαΐω, τοὺς προσαγορεύοντας ἀντιδεξιούμενοι τῷ τῆς ὑγιείας ὀνόματι πολλάκις ἀμείβεσθε. §14Καὶ ταῦτα πάντα εἶπον οὐχ ὡς ἐκ προνοίας ἀφελὼν μὲν τὸ χαίρειν, ἐπιτηδεύσας δὲ ἀντ' αὐτοῦ εἰπεῖν τὸ ὑγιαίνειν, ἀλλ’ ὡς τοῦτο μὲν ἄκων παθών—ἢ γελοῖος γ' ἂν ἦν ξενίζων καὶ τοὺς καιροὺς τῶν προσαγορεύσεων ἐναλλάττων.
But even you yourselves, if I understand anything of the Roman tongue, when replying to those who greet you, often answer with the name of health." And I have said all these things, not as if I had intentionally removed 'rejoice' and studied to say 'be healthy' instead of it, but as having suffered this involuntarily—otherwise I would be ridiculous, introducing novelties and changing the times of greetings.
§15χάριν δὲ ὁμολογῶ τοῖς θεοῖς, ὅτι μοι τὸ σφάλμα εἰς ἄλλο μακρῷ αἰσιώτερον περιετράπη καὶ εἰς τὸ ἄμεινον παρώλισθον, καὶ τάχα τῆς Ὑγιείας ἢ Ἀσκληπιοῦ αὐτοῦ ἐπιπνοίᾳ τοῦτ' ἐπράχθη δι’ ἐμοῦ σοι τὸ ὑγιαίνειν ὑπισχνουμένου·
But I give thanks to the gods that my slip has turned into something far more auspicious, and that I stumbled into the better; and perhaps this was done by the inspiration of Health herself or Asclepius, promising health to you through me.
ἐπεὶ ἔγωγε πῶς ἂν αὐτὸ ἔπαθον ἄνευ θεοῦ μηδέπω πρότερον ἐν τῷ μακρῷ βίῳ ταραχθεὶς ὅμοιον;
For how indeed could I have suffered this without a god, never before in my long life having been so confused in a similar way?
§16Εἰ δὲ δεῖ καὶ ἀνθρωπίνην τινὰ ὑπὲρ τοῦ γεγονότος ἀπολογίαν εἰπεῖν, οὐδὲν ξένον, εἰ πάνυ ἐσπουδακὼς ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀρίστοις ὑπὸ σοῦ γνωρίζεσθαι ἐκ τῆς ἄγαν ἐπιθυμίας εἰς τοὐναντίον διαταραχθεὶς ἐνέπεσον.
But if it is necessary also to make some human defense for what happened, it is nothing strange if, being very eager to be known by you for the best things, from excessive desire I fell into the opposite by being thoroughly confused.
τάχα δ’ ἄν τινα ἐκπλήξειε τῶν κατ' ὀρθὸν λογισμῶν καὶ στρατιωτῶν πλῆθος, ὧν οἱ μὲν προωθοῦντες, οἱ δὲ ἐν τῇ τάξει τῆς προσαγορεύσεως μὴ μένοντες.
And perhaps even a multitude of soldiers might throw anyone's right reasoning into confusion—some of them pushing forward, others not remaining in the order of greeting.
§17σὺ δ’ εὖ οἶδ’ ὅτι κἂν οἱ ἄλλοι εἰς ἄνοιαν ἢ ἀπαιδευσίαν ἢ παραφροσύνην ἀναφέρωσιν τὸ πρᾶγμα, αἰδοῦς αὐτὸ σύμβολον καὶ ἀφελείας ἐποιήσω καὶ ψυχῆς μηδὲν ἀγοραῖον καὶ ἔντεχνον ἐχούσης· ὡς τό γε πάνυ θαρραλέον ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις οὐ πόρρω θρασύτητος καὶ ἀναισχυντίας ἐστίν.
But you, I know well, even if others attribute the matter to foolishness, or uneducatedness, or madness, have made it a symbol of respect and simplicity, and of a soul containing nothing vulgar or crafty; since being completely bold in such matters is not far from audacity and shamelessness.
καὶ ἔμοιγε εἴη μηδὲν μὲν τοιοῦτο σφάλλεσθαι, εἰ δὲ συμβαίη, πρὸς εὐφημίαν αὐτὸ τρέπεσθαι.
And as for me, may I make no such slip, but if it should happen, may it turn to a good omen.
§18Ἐπὶ γοῦν τοῦ πρώτου Σεβαστοῦ καὶ τοιόνδε τι λέγεται γενέσθαι· ὁ μὲν ἔτυχε δίκην τινὰ δικάσας ὀρθῶς καὶ ἀπολύσας ἐγκλήματος τοῦ μεγίστου ἀδίκως συκοφαντούμενον ἄνθρωπον, ὁ δὲ χάριν ὁμολογῶν μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῇ, Χάριν οἶδά σοι, ἔφη, ὦ αὐτοκράτορ, ὅτι κακῶς καὶ ἀδίκως ἐδίκασας· καὶ τῶν περὶ Σεβαστὸν ἀγανακτησάντων καὶ διασπάσασθαι τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐθελόντων, Παύσασθε χαλεπαίνοντες, ἐκεῖνος ἔφη· οὐ γὰρ τὴν γλῶτταν αὐτοῦ, ἀλλὰ τὴν γνώμην ἐξετάζειν ἄξιον. ἐκεῖνος μὲν οὕτως, σὺ δ’ εἴτε τὴν γνώμην σκέψαιο, πάνυ εὔνουν εὑρήσεις, εἴτε τὴν γλῶτταν, εὔφημος καὶ αὐτή.
At least in the time of the first Augustus, some such thing is said to have happened: he happened to have judged a certain lawsuit correctly, and acquitted of the greatest charge a man unjustly slandered; and the man, expressing gratitude in a loud voice, said: "I give you thanks, Emperor, because you judged badly and unjustly." And when those around Augustus were outraged and wished to tear the man to pieces, he said: "Stop being angry; for it is worthy to examine not his tongue, but his intention." That ruler did so; and you, whether you consider my intention, will find it altogether well-disposed, or whether my tongue, it too is auspicious.
§19Ἔοικα δ’ ἐνταῦθα ἤδη γενόμενος εἰκότως ἄλλο τι φοβήσεσθαι, μή τισι δόξω ἐξεπίτηδες ἡμαρτηκέναι, ὡς τὴν ἀπολογίαν ταύτην συγγράψαιμι.
But having already arrived at this point, I seem to fear, reasonably, another thing: lest I should seem to some to have erred on purpose, in order that I might write this defense.
καὶ εἴη γε, ὦ φίλτατε Ἀσκληπιέ, τοιοῦτον φανῆναι τὸν λόγον, ὡς μὴ ἀπολογίαν, ἀλλ’ ἐπιδείξεως ἀφορμὴν εἶναι δοκεῖν.
And indeed, my dearest Asclepius, may the speech appear to be of such a kind, so as not to seem a defense, but an occasion for display.