§35Ἀλλὰ ποῦ τὸ τῆς τέχνης καὶ τὸ τῆς συμβουλῆς χρήσιμον;
But where is the usefulness of art and advice?
οὐκ ἐς ποίησιν τῶν προσόντων, ἀλλ’ ἐς χρῆσιν αὐτῶν τὴν προσήκουσαν.
It is not in the creation of natural qualities, but in their proper use.
οἷόν τι ἀμέλει καὶ Ἴκκος καὶ Ἡρόδικος καὶ Θέων καὶ εἴ τις ἄλλος γυμναστής ὑπόσχοιντο ἄν σοι οὐ τὸν Περδίκκαν παραλαβόντες—εἰ δὴ οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ τῆς μητρυιᾶς ἐρασθεὶς καὶ διὰ ταῦτα κατεσκληκώς, ἀλλὰ μὴ Ἀντίοχος ὁ τοῦ Σελεύκου —ἀποφαίνειν Ὀλυμπιονίκην καὶ Θεαγένει τῷ Θασίῳ ἢ Πολυδάμαντι τῷ Σκοτουσσαίῳ ἀντίπαλον, ἀλλὰ τὴν δοθεῖσαν ὑπόθεσιν εὐφυᾶ πρὸς ὑποδοχὴν τῆς γυμναστικῆς παρὰ πολὺ ἀμείνω ἀποφαίνειν μετὰ τῆς τέχνης.
Just as, for instance, Iccus, Herodicus, Theon, or any other trainer would promise you, not that they would take Perdiccas—if indeed he is the one who fell in love with his stepmother and wasted away because of this, and not Antiochus the son of Seleucus—and show him to be an Olympic victor and a match for Theagenes of Thasos or Polydamas of Scotussa, but rather that, by means of their art, they would show the given material, naturally suited to receive training, to be far better.
ὥστε ἀπέστω καὶ ἡμῶν τὸ ἐπίφθονον τοῦτο τῆς ὑποσχέσεως εἰ τέχνην φαμὲν ἐφ' οὕτω μεγάλῳ καὶ χαλεπῷ τῷ πράγματι εὑρηκέναι· οὐ γὰρ ὁντινοῦν παραλαβόντες ἀποφαίνειν συγγραφέα φαμέν, ἀλλὰ τῷ φύσει συνετῷ καὶ ἄριστα πρὸς λόγους ἠσκημένῳ ὑποδείξειν ὁδούς τινας ὀρθάς (εἰ δὴ τοιαῦται φαίνονται) αἷς χρώμενος θᾶττον ἂν καὶ εὐμαρέστερον τελέσειεν ἄχρι πρὸς τὸν σκοπόν.
Therefore, let this offensive part of our promise be far from us, if we say that we have found an art for so great and difficult a matter; for we do not say that we will take anyone at all and make him a writer, but that we will point out certain correct paths (if indeed they appear to be such) to one who is naturally intelligent and best trained in words, by using which he might reach the goal more quickly and easily.
§36καίτοι οὐ γὰρ ἂν φαίης ἀπροσδεῆ τὸν συνετὸν εἶναι τῆς τέχνης καὶ διδασκαλίας ὧν ἀγνοεῖ· ἐπεὶ κἂν ἐκιθάριζε μὴ μαθὼν καὶ ηὔλει καὶ πάντα ἂν ἠπίστατο.
And yet, you would not say that the intelligent man has no need of art and instruction in things he does not know; for then he would play the lyre and blow the flute without having learned, and would know everything.
νῦν δὲ μὴ μαθὼν οὐκ ἄν τι αὐτῶν χειρουργήσειεν, ὑποδείξαντος δέ τινος ῥᾷστά τε ἂν μάθοι καὶ εὖ μεταχειρίσαιτο ἐφ' αὑτοῦ.
But as it is, without learning he could not practice any of them, but if someone points the way, he would learn very easily and manage it well by himself.
§37Καὶ τοίνυν καὶ ἡμῖν τοιοῦτός τις ὁ μαθητὴς νῦν παραδεδόσθω—συνεῖναί τε καὶ εἰπεῖν οὐκ ἀγεννής, ἀλλ’ ὀξὺ δεδορκώς, οἷος καὶ πράγμασι χρήσασθαι ἂν εἰ ἐπιτραπείη, καὶ γνώμην στρατιωτικήν ἀλλὰ μετὰ τῆς πολιτικῆς καὶ ἐμπειρίαν στρατηγικὴν ἔχειν, καὶ νὴ Δία καὶ ἐν στρατοπέδῳ γεγονώς ποτε καὶ γυμναζομένους ἢ ταττομένους στρατιώτας ἑωρακὼς καὶ ὅπλα εἰδὼς καὶ μηχανήματα, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τί ἐπὶ κέρως καὶ τί ἐπὶ μετώπου, πῶς οἱ λόχοι, πῶς οἱ ἱππεῖς καὶ πόθεν καὶ τί ἐξελαύνειν ἢ περιελαύνειν, καὶ ὅλως οὐ τῶν κατοικιδίων τις οὐδ’ οἷος πιστεύειν μόνον τοῖς ἀπαγγέλλουσιν.
So now, let such a student be delivered to us—not ignoble in understanding and speaking, but sharp-sighted, one capable of managing affairs if they were entrusted to him, and having military sagacity along with political, and generalship experience, and, by Zeus, having once been in a camp, having seen soldiers training or being drawn up, knowing weapons and engines, and further, what is 'by the flank' and what is 'by the front,' how the companies are, how the cavalry, and from where and how to charge or wheel around, and in short, not one of the stay-at-homes, nor one of those who only believe what is reported to them.
§38Μάλιστα δὲ καὶ πρὸ τῶν πάντων ἐλεύθερος ἔστω τὴν γνώμην καὶ μήτε φοβείσθω μηδένα μήτε ἐλπιζέτω μηδέν, ἐπεὶ ὅμοιος ἔσται τοῖς φαύλοις δικασταῖς πρὸς χάριν ἢ πρὸς ἀπέχθειαν ἐπὶ μισθῷ δικάζουσιν.
And above all and before everything, let him be free in his mind, and let him neither fear anyone nor hope for anything, since he would be like those bad judges who judge for favor or hatred for a bribe.
ἀλλὰ μὴ μελέτω αὐτῷ μήτε Φίλιππος ἐκκεκομμένος τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν ὑπὸ Ἀστέρος τοῦ Ἀμφιπολίτου τοῦ τοξότου ἐν Ὀλύνθῳ, ἀλλὰ τοιοῦτος οἷος ἦν δειχθήσεται· μήτ' εἰ Ἀλέξανδρος ἀνιάσεται ἐπὶ τῇ Κλείτου σφαγῇ ὠμῶς ἐν τῷ συμποσίῳ γενομένῃ, εἰ σαφῶς ἀναγράφοιτο· οὐδὲ Κλέων αὐτὸν φοβήσει μέγα ἐν τῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ δυνάμενος καὶ κατέχων τὸ βῆμα, ὡς μὴ εἰπεῖν ὅτι ὀλέθριος καὶ μανικὸς ἄνθρωπος οὗτος ἦν· οὐδὲ ἡ σύμπασα πόλις τῶν Ἀθηναίων, ἢν τὰ ἐν Σικελίᾳ κακὰ ἱστορῇ καὶ τὴν Δημοσθένους λῆψιν καὶ τὴν Νικίου τελευτὴν καὶ ὡς ἐδίψων καὶ οἷον τὸ ὕδωρ ἔπινον καὶ ὡς ἐφονεύοντο πίνοντες οἱ πολλοί.
But let him not care if Philip was deprived of his eye by Aster, the archer of Amphipolis, in Olynthus, but let him be shown as he was; nor if Alexander is to be grieved at the slaughter of Clitus, which took place brutally at the banquet, if he should record it clearly; nor will Cleon terrify him, powerful as he was in the assembly and holding the platform, so as not to say that he was a ruinous and madman; nor the entire city of the Athenians, if he records the disasters in Sicily, the capture of Demosthenes, the death of Nicias, and how they thirsted, and what kind of water they drank, and how many were slaughtered while drinking.
ἡγήσεται γάρ—ὅπερ δικαιότατον—ὑπ' οὐδενὸς τῶν νοῦν ἐχόντων αὐτὸς ἕξειν τὴν αἰτίαν ἢν τὰ δυστυχῶς ἢ ἀνοήτως γεγενημένα ὡς ἐπράχθη διηγῆται—οὐ γὰρ ποιητὴς αὐτῶν ἀλλὰ μηνυτὴς ἦν.
For he will think—which is most just—that he will not be blamed by anyone of sound mind if he relates the things that happened unfortunately or foolishly as they were done—for he was not the author of them, but the reporter.
ὥστε κἂν καταναυμαχῶνται τότε οὐκ ἐκεῖνος ὁ καταδύων ἐστὶ κἂν φεύγωσιν οὐκ ἐκεῖνος ὁ διώκων, ἐκτὸς εἰ μή εὔξασθαι δέον παρέλιπεν.
So that even if they are defeated in a sea fight then, he is not the one who sinks them, and if they flee, he is not the one who pursues, unless he neglected to pray when he ought to have.
ἐπεί τοί γε εἰ σιωπήσας αὐτὰ ἢ πρὸς τοὐναντίον εἰπὼν ἐπανορθώσασθαι ἐδύνατο, ῥᾷστον ἦν ἑνὶ καλάμῳ λεπτῷ τὸν Θουκυδίδην ἀνατρέψαι μὲν τὸ ἐν ταῖς Ἐπιπολαῖς παρατείχισμα, καταδῦσαι δὲ τὴν Ἑρμοκράτους τριήρη καὶ τὸν κατάρατον Γύλιππον διαπεῖραι μεταξὺ ἀποτειχίζοντα καὶ ἀποταφρεύοντα τὰς ὁδούς καὶ τέλος Συρακοσίους μὲν ἐς τὰς λιθοτομίας ἐμβαλεῖν, τοὺς δὲ Ἀθηναίους περιπλεῖν Σικελίαν καὶ Ἰταλίαν μετὰ τῶν πρώτων τοῦ Ἀλκιβιάδου ἐλπίδων.
For indeed, if by keeping silent about them or by saying the opposite he could have set them right, it would have been very easy for Thucydides with a single thin pen to overturn the counter-wall in Epipolae, to sink the trireme of Hermocrates, and to run through the accursed Gylippus while he was walling off and ditching the roads, and finally to throw the Syracusans into the stone quarries, and let the Athenians sail around Sicily and Italy with the first hopes of Alcibiades.
ἀλλ’ οἶμαι τὰ μὲν πραχθέντα οὐδὲ Κλωθὼ ἂν ἔτι ἀνακλώσειεν οὐδὲ Ἄτροπος μετατρέψειε.
But I think that what has been done not even Clotho would spin back, nor Atropos alter.