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Lucian · Charon or The Inspectors §1-2

Charon's Visit to Earth and Guide Hermes

Passage 1 of 8 · Greek

Summary

Charon arrives on Earth from the underworld to observe human life and encounters Hermes. Charon begs Hermes to be his guide; despite fearing Zeus' anger, Hermes agrees and suggests they find a high mountain to use as a lookout.

§1Ἑρμῆς τί γελᾷς, ὦ Χάρων;
Hermes Why are you laughing, Charon?
ἢ τί τὸ πορθμεῖον ἀπολιπὼν δεῦρο ἀνελήλυθας εἰς τὴν ἡμετέραν οὐ πάνυ εἰωθὼς ἐπιχωριάζειν τοῖς ἄνω πράγμασιν;
Or why have you left your ferryboat and come up here into our world, when you are not at all accustomed to frequenting the affairs of those above?
Χάρων ἐπεθύμησα, ὦ Ἑρμῆ, ἰδεῖν ὁποῖά ἐστι τὰ ἐν τῷ βίῳ καὶ ἃ πράττουσιν οἱ ἄνθρωποι ἐν αὐτῷ ἢ τίνων στερούμενοι πάντες οἰμώζουσι κατιόντες παρʼ ἡμᾶς· οὐδεὶς γὰρ αὐτῶν ἀδακρυτὶ διέπλευσεν.
Charon I desired, Hermes, to see what things in life are like, and what men do in it, or what things they are deprived of that they all wail when they come down to us; for not one of them has crossed without tears.
αἰτησάμενος οὖν παρὰ τοῦ Ἅιδου καὶ αὐτὸς ὥσπερ ὁ Θετταλὸς ἐκεῖνος νεανίσκος μίαν ἡμέραν λιπόνεως γενέσθαι ἀνελήλυθα ἐς τὸ φῶς, καί μοι δοκῶ εἰς δέον ἐντετυχηκέναι σοι·
Therefore, having begged Hades, like that Thessalian youth, to become a deserter from the ship for one day, I have come up into the light; and I think I have met you opportunely.
ξεναγήσεις γὰρ εὖ οἶδʼ ὅτι με συμπερινοστῶν καὶ δείξεις ἕκαστα ὡς ἂν εἰδὼς ἅπαντα.
For I know well that you will guide me as we wander together, and will show me everything, as one who knows all.
Ἑρμῆς οὐ σχολή μοι, ὦ πορθμεῦ· ἀπέρχομαι γάρ τι διακονησόμενος τῷ ἄνω Διὶ τῶν ἀνθρωπικῶν·
Hermes I have no leisure, ferryman; for I am going away to perform some service regarding human affairs for Zeus above.
ὁ δὲ ὀξύθυμός τέ ἐστι καὶ δέδια μὴ βραδύναντά με ὅλον ὑμέτερον ἐάσῃ εἶναι παραδοὺς τῷ ζόφῳ, ἢ ὅπερ τὸν Ἥφαιστον πρῴην ἐποίησε, ῥίψῃ κἀμὲ τεταγὼν τοῦ ποδὸς ἀπὸ τοῦ θεσπεσίου βηλοῦ, ὡς ὑποσκάζων γέλωτα παρέχοιμι καὶ αὐτὸς οἰνοχοῶν.
And he is hot-tempered, and I fear that if I delay, he may leave me to be entirely yours by handing me over to the darkness, or, just as he did recently to Hephaestus, he may seize me by the foot and hurl me too from the divine threshold, so that limping I also may provide laughter while serving as cupbearer.
Χάρων περιόψει οὖν με ἄλλως πλανώμενον ὑπὲρ γῆς, καὶ ταῦτα ἑταῖρος καὶ σύμπλους καὶ συνδιάκτορος ὤν;
Charon Will you then look on while I wander in vain over the earth, and that too though you are a comrade, a fellow-sailor, and a fellow-messenger?
καὶ μὴν καλῶς εἶχεν, ὦ Μαίας παῖ, ἐκείνων γοῦν σε μεμνῆσθαι, ὅτι μηδεπώποτέ σε ἢ ἀντλεῖν ἐκέλευσα ἢ πρόσκωπον εἶναι· ἀλλὰ σὺ μὲν ῥέγκεις ἐπὶ τοῦ καταστρώματος ἐκταθεὶς ὤμους οὕτω καρτεροὺς ἔχων, ἢ εἴ τινα λάλον νεκρὸν εὕροις, ἐκείνῳ παρʼ ὅλον τὸν πλοῦν διαλέγῃ· ἐγὼ δὲ πρεσβύτης ὢν τὴν δικωπίαν ἐρέττω μόνος.
And indeed it would be well, son of Maia, for you at least to remember those things, that I have never yet ordered you either to bale water or to take an oar; but you snore on the deck, stretched out with shoulders so strong, or, if you find some talkative corpse, you converse with him during the whole voyage, while I, old man that I am, row the two oars all by myself.
ἀλλὰ πρὸς τοῦ πατρός, ὦ φίλτατον Ἑρμάδιον, μὴ καταλίπῃς με, περιήγησαι δὲ τὰ ἐν τῷ βίῳ ἅπαντα, ὥς τι καὶ ἰδὼν ἐπανέλθοιμι· ὡς ἤν με σὺ ἀφῇς, οὐδὲν τῶν τυφλῶν διοίσω· καθάπερ γὰρ ἐκεῖνοι σφάλλονται καὶ διολισθάνουσιν ἐν τῷ σκότῳ, οὕτω δὴ κἀγώ σοι ἔμπαλιν ἀμβλυώττω πρὸς τὸ φῶς.
But by your father, dearest little Hermes, do not abandon me, but guide me through all the things in life, so that I may return having seen something; for if you leave me, I shall be no different from the blind; for just as they stumble and slip in the darkness, so indeed I, on the contrary, am dim-sighted in the light.
ἀλλὰ δός, ὦ Κυλλήνιε, ἐς ἀεὶ μεμνησομένῳ τὴν χάριν.
Grant this favor, O Cyllenian, to one who will remember it forever.
§2Ἑρμῆς τοῦτο τὸ πρᾶγμα πληγῶν αἴτιον καταστήσεταί μοι· ὁρῶ γοῦν ἤδη τὸν μισθὸν τῆς περιηγήσεως οὐκ ἀκόνδυλον παντάπασιν ἡμῖν ἐσόμενον.
Hermes This business will turn out to be a cause of blows for me; at any rate, I already see that the reward for this guidance will not be entirely free from blows for us.
ὑπουργητέον δὲ ὅμως· τί γὰρ ἂν καὶ πάθοι τις, ὁπότε φίλος τις ὢν βιάζοιτο;
Yet I must oblige; for what can one do when a friend is pressing?
πάντα μὲν οὖν σε ἰδεῖν καθʼ ἕκαστον ἀκριβῶς ἀμήχανόν ἐστιν, ὦ πορθμεῦ· πολλῶν γὰρ ἂν ἐτῶν ἡ διατριβὴ γένοιτο.
Now, to see everything precisely in detail is impossible, ferryman; for the delay would be of many years.
εἶτα ἐμὲ μὲν κηρύττεσθαι δεήσει καθάπερ ἀποδράντα ὑπὸ τοῦ Διός, σὲ δὲ καὶ αὐτὸν κωλύσει ἐνεργεῖν τὰ τοῦ Θανάτου ἔργα καὶ τὴν Πλούτωνος ἀρχὴν ζημιοῦν μὴ νεκραγωγοῦντα πολλοῦ τοῦ χρόνου· κᾆτα ὁ τελώνης Αἰακὸς ἀγανακτήσει μηδʼ ὀβολὸν ἐμπολῶν.
Then, I shall have to be advertised by Zeus as a runaway, and as for you it will prevent you from carrying out the works of Death, and cause damage to Pluto's realm by not ferrying the dead for a long time; and then Aeacus the tax-gatherer will be indignant at not earning even an obol.
ὡς δὲ τὰ κεφάλαια τῶν γιγνομένων ἴδοις, τοῦτο ἤδη σκεπτέον.
But that you may see the main points of what is happening, this must now be considered.
Χάρων αὐτός, ὦ Ἑρμῆ, ἐπινόει τὸ βέλτιστον· ἐγὼ δὲ οὐδὲν οἶδα τῶν ὑπὲρ γῆς ξένος ὤν.
Charon Devise the best way yourself, Hermes; for I know nothing of things above the earth, being a stranger.
Ἑρμῆς τὸ μὲν ὅλον, ὦ Χάρων, ὑψηλοῦ τινος ἡμῖν δεῖ χωρίου, ὡς ἀπʼ ἐκείνου πάντα κατίδοις·
Hermes On the whole, Charon, we need some high place, so that you may look down upon everything from there.
σοὶ δὲ εἰ μὲν ἐς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνελθεῖν δυνατὸν ἦν, οὐκ ἂν ἐκάμνομεν· ἐκ περιωπῆς γὰρ ἂν ἀκριβῶς ἅπαντα καθεώρας.
If it were possible for you to go up into heaven, we would not have trouble; for you would have seen everything precisely from a high lookout.
ἐπεὶ δὲ οὐ θέμις εἰδώλοις ἀεὶ συνόντα ἐπιβατεύειν τῶν βασιλείων τοῦ Διός, ὥρα ἡμῖν ὑψηλόν τι ὄρος περισκοπεῖν.
But since it is not lawful for one who always associates with shades to set foot in the realms of Zeus, it is time for us to look around for some high mountain.

Notes

  1. §1ὁ Θετταλὸς ἐκεῖνος νεανίσκος — Refers to the Thessalian youth Protesilaus, who was the first to die in the Trojan War and was permitted to return from the underworld for one day to see his wife Laodameia. It is used here as a precedent for Charon's temporary leave from the underworld.
  2. §1λιπόνεως — Accusative masculine singular of the compound adjective `λιπόναυς` (Attic variant `λιπόνεως`), meaning "one who deserts his ship". Here it functions as the predicate accusative to the infinitive `γενέσθαι`.
  3. §1τεταγὼν τοῦ ποδὸς — A parody of Homer, *Iliad* 1.591 ("seizing [me] by the foot, he hurled [me] from the divine threshold"). `τεταγών` is a reduplicated aorist participle meaning "seizing". `τοῦ ποδὸς` is a genitive of contact (partitive genitive), indicating the part of the body by which he was seized.
  4. §1καλῶς εἶχεν — The imperfect `εἶχεν` is used without `ἄν` in an impersonal construction with an adverb of propriety (`καλῶς`) to express a contrary-to-fact obligation: "it would have been proper" or "it would be right (although you are not doing it)."
  5. §2οὐκ ἀκόνδυλον — A litotes (understatement). `ἀκόνδυλος` consists of the alpha privative `ἀ-` and `κόνδυλος` (knuckle, blow with the fist), meaning "without blows/cuffs". Thus, the double negative `οὐκ ἀκόνδυλον` strongly asserts that it will definitely involve blows or physical punishment.
  6. §2τί γὰρ ἂν καὶ πάθοι τις — A rhetorical question with the potential optative with `ἄν` (`ἂν... πάθοι`), idiomatically meaning "what can one do?" or "what else is one to do?" expressing resignation or inevitability.
  7. §2εἰ μὲν... δυνατὸν ἦν, οὐκ ἂν ἐκάμνομεν — A present contrary-to-fact conditional sentence. The protasis uses the imperfect indicative (`ἦν`), and the apodosis uses the imperfect indicative (`ἐκάμνομεν`) with `ἄν`. It expresses a hypothesis contrary to present reality: "if it were possible for you to go up (which it is not), we would not be having trouble (which we are)."

Cite this passage

Lucian, Charon or The Inspectors §1-2. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0062.tlg023.humanitext-grc2:1-2

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