§1τὸν Ἡρακλέα οἱ Κελτοὶ Ὄγμιον ὀνομάζουσι φωνῇ τῇ ἐπιχωρίῳ, τὸ δὲ εἶδος τοῦ θεοῦ πάνυ ἀλλόκοτον γράφουσι.
The Celts call Hercules "Ogmios" in their native tongue, but they depict the appearance of the god as extremely strange.
γέρων ἐστὶν αὐτοῖς ἐς τὸ ἔσχατον, ἀναφαλαντίας, πολιὸς ἀκριβῶς ὅσαι λοιπαὶ τῶν τριχῶν, ῥυσὸς τὸ δέρμα καὶ διακεκαυμένος ἐς τὸ μελάντατον οἷοί εἰσιν οἱ θαλαττουργοὶ γέροντες·
In their eyes, he is old to the very last degree, bald in front, with whatever hair remains being completely white, and his skin is wrinkled and burned to the darkest black, like old men who work on the sea.
μᾶλλον δὲ Χάρωνα ἢ Ἰαπετόν τινα τῶν ὑποταρταρίων καὶ πάντα μᾶλλον ἢ Ἡρακλέα εἶναι ἂν εἰκάσειας.
Indeed, you would sooner guess him to be Charon or some Iapetus from the underworld, and anything rather than Hercules.
ἀλλὰ καὶ τοιοῦτος ὢν ἔχει ὅμως τὴν σκευὴν τὴν Ἡρακλέους· καὶ γὰρ τὴν διφθέραν ἐνῆπται τὴν τοῦ λέοντος καὶ τὸ ῥόπαλον ἔχει ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ καὶ τὸν γωρυτὸν παρήρτηται, καὶ τὸ τόξον ἐντεταμένον ἡ ἀριστερὰ προδείκνυσιν, καὶ ὅλος Ἡρακλῆς ἐστι ταῦτά γε.
Yet, even being such as he is, he nevertheless has the equipment of Hercules; for he is clad in the lion's skin, holds the club in his right hand, has the quiver slung at his side, and his left hand displays the bow bent, and in all these respects at least, he is entirely Hercules.
§2ᾤμην οὖν ἐφʼ ὕβρει τῶν Ἑλληνίων θεῶν τοιαῦτα παρανομεῖν τοὺς Κελτοὺς ἐς τὴν μορφὴν τὴν Ἡρακλέους ἀμυνομένους αὐτὸν τῇ γραφῇ, ὅτι τὴν χώραν ποτὲ αὐτῶν ἐπῆλθεν λείαν ἐλαύνων, ὁπότε τὰς Γηρυόνου ἀγέλας ζητῶν κατέδραμε τὰ πολλὰ τῶν ἑσπερίων γενῶν.
I thought, therefore, that the Celts committed such lawless acts against the form of Hercules to insult the Greek gods, avenging themselves on him through the painting, because he once invaded their country driving off booty, when he overran most of the western nations in search of Geryon's herds.
§3καίτοι τὸ παραδοξότατον οὐδέπω ἔφην τῆς εἰκόνος· ὁ γὰρ δὴ γέρων Ἡρακλῆς ἐκεῖνος ἀνθρώπων πάμπολύ τι πλῆθος ἕλκει ἐκ τῶν ὤτων ἅπαντας δεδεμένους.
Yet I have not yet mentioned the most paradoxical feature of the picture; for that old Hercules drags a very great multitude of men by their ears, all bound.
δεσμὰ δέ εἰσιν οἱ σειραὶ λεπταὶ χρυσοῦ καὶ ἠλέκτρου εἰργασμέναι ὅρμοις ἐοικυῖαι τοῖς καλλίστοις.
Their bonds are delicate chains made of gold and amber, resembling the most beautiful necklaces.
καὶ ὅμως ὑφʼ οὕτως ἀσθενῶν ἀγόμενοι οὔτε δρασμὸν βουλεύουσι, δυνάμενοι ἂν εὐμαρῶς, οὔτε ὅλως ἀντιτείνουσιν ἢ τοῖς ποσὶν ἀντερείδουσι πρὸς τὸ ἐναντίον τῆς ἀγωγῆς ἐξυπτιάζοντες, ἀλλὰ φαιδροὶ ἕπονται καὶ γεγηθότες καὶ τὸν ἄγοντα ἐπαινοῦντες, ἐπειγόμενοι ἅπαντες καὶ τῷ φθάνειν ἐθέλειν τὸν δεσμὸν ἐπιχαλῶντες, ἐοικότες ἀχθεσθησομένοις εἰ λυθήσονται.
And yet, though led by such weak bonds, they do not contemplate escape, though they easily could, nor do they resist at all or plant their feet and lean backward against the direction they are led. Instead, they follow cheerfully and with joy, praising the one who leads them, all hurrying and loosening the bond by wishing to get ahead, appearing like those who would be grieved if they were to be released.
ὃ δὲ πάντων ἀτοπώτατον εἶναί μοι ἔδοξεν, οὐκ ὀκνήσω καὶ τοῦτο εἰπεῖν· οὐ γὰρ ἔχων ὁ ζωγράφος ὅθεν ἐξάψειε ταῖς σειραῖς τὰς ἀρχάς, ἅτε τῆς δεξιᾶς μὲν ἤδη τὸ ῥόπαλον, τῆς λαιᾶς δὲ τὸ τόξον ἐχούσης, τρυπήσας τοῦ θεοῦ τὴν γλῶτταν ἄκραν ἐξ ἐκείνης ἑλκομένους αὐτοὺς ἐποίησεν, καὶ ἐπέστραπταί γε εἰς τοὺς ἀγομένους μειδιῶν.
But what seemed to me the most absurd of all, I will not hesitate to tell: for the painter, having no place from which to fasten the ends of the chains—since the right hand already held the club and the left held the bow—bored a hole through the tip of the god's tongue and made them be dragged from there; and he is turned back toward those being led, smiling.
§4ταῦτʼ ἐγὼ μὲν ἐπὶ πολὺ εἱστήκειν ὁρῶν καὶ θαυμάζων καὶ ἀπορῶν καὶ ἀγανακτῶν· Κελτὸς δέ τις παρεστὼς οὐκ ἀπαίδευτος τὰ ἡμέτερα, ὡς ἔδειξεν ἀκριβῶς Ἑλλάδα φωνὴν ἀφιείς, φιλόσοφος, οἶμαι, τὰ ἐπιχώρια, Ἐγώ σοι, ἔφη, ὦ ξένε, λύσω τῆς γραφῆς τὸ αἴνιγμα· πάνυ γὰρ ταραττομένῳ ἔοικας πρὸς αὐτήν.
For a long time I stood looking at these things, wondering, doubting, and being vexed; but a certain Celt standing by, not uneducated in our culture, as he showed by speaking Greek accurately—a philosopher of his country, I suppose—said, "Stranger, I will solve the riddle of this painting for you, for you seem very disturbed by it.
τὸν λόγον ἡμεῖς οἱ Κελτοὶ οὐχ ὥσπερ ὑμεῖς οἱ Ἕλληνες Ἑρμῆν οἰόμεθα εἶναι, ἀλλʼ Ἡρακλεῖ αὐτὸν εἰκάζομεν, ὅτι παρὰ πολὺ τοῦ Ἑρμοῦ ἰσχυρότερος οὗτος.
We Celts do not think that Eloquence is Hermes, as you Greeks do, but we liken it to Hercules, because he is much stronger than Hermes.
εἰ δὲ γέρων πεποίηται, μὴ θαυμάσῃς· μόνος γὰρ ὁ λόγος ἐν γήρᾳ φιλεῖ ἐντελῆ ἐπιδείκνυσθαι τὴν ἀκμήν, εἴ γε ἀληθῆ ὑμῶν οἱ ποιηταὶ λέγουσιν, ὅτι αἱ μὲν τῶν ὁπλοτέρων φρένες ἠερέθονται, τὸ δὲ γῆρας ἔχει τι λέξαι τῶν νέων σοφώτερον.
And if he is made an old man, do not wonder; for eloquence alone loves to show its peak in full in old age, if indeed your poets speak the truth when they say that the minds of younger men are flighty, but old age has something wiser to say than the young.
οὕτω γέ τοι καὶ τοῦ Νέστορος ὑμῖν ἀπορρεῖ ἐκ τῆς γλώττης τὸ μέλι, καὶ οἱ ἀγορηταὶ τῶν Τρώων τὴν ὄπα ἀφιᾶσιν εὐανθῆ τινα· λείρια γὰρ καλεῖται, εἴ γε μέμνημαι, τὰ ἄνθη.
So indeed honey flows for you from Nestor's tongue, and the Trojan speakers utter a voice like flowers—for 'lily-like,' if I remember correctly, is what those flowers are called."