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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.89.1-20.89.6

Agathocles' Victory and Massacre of the Exiles

Passage 277 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Agathocles, the tyrant of Sicily, gains a victory over the exiles led by Deinocrates due to desertions in their ranks, and subsequently massacres the surrendered infantry in violation of his oaths.

§20.89.1κατὰ δὲ τὴν Σικελίαν Ἀγαθοκλῆς οὐ δυνάμενος διαλύσασθαι πρὸς τοὺς περὶ Δεινοκράτην φυγάδας ἀνέζευξεν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς μεθʼ ἧς εἶχε δυνάμεως, νομίζων ἀναγκαῖον ὑπάρχειν αὐτῷ διακινδυνεύειν καὶ παραβάλλεσθαι περὶ τῶν ὅλων.
In Sicily, Agathocles, being unable to come to terms with the exiles under Deinocrates, set out against them with the force which he had, thinking it necessary for him to hazard all and risk everything.
συνηκολούθουν δʼ αὐτῷ πεζοὶ μὲν οὐ πλείους τῶν πεντακισχιλίων, ἱππεῖς δὲ εἰς ὀκτακοσίους.
There followed with him no more than five thousand infantry, and about eight hundred cavalry.
§20.89.2οἱ δὲ περὶ Δεινοκράτην φυγάδες ὁρῶντες τὴν τῶν πολεμίων ὁρμὴν ἄσμενοι κατήντησαν εἰς τὴν μάχην, ὄντες πολλαπλάσιοι· πεζοὶ μὲν γὰρ ὑπῆρχον πλείους τῶν δισμυρίων καὶ πεντακισχιλίων, ἱππεῖς δʼ οὐκ ἐλάττους τρισχιλίων.
The exiles under Deinocrates, seeing the onset of the enemy, gladly came down to the battle, since they were many times more numerous; for there were more than twenty-five thousand infantry, and no fewer than three thousand cavalry.
ἀντιστρατοπεδευσάντων δʼ αὐτῶν περὶ τὸ καλούμενον Τόργιον καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα παραταξαμένων ἐπʼ ὀλίγον μὲν χρόνον συνέστη καρτερὰ μάχη διὰ τὰς ἀμφοτέρων προθυμίας· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τῶν πρὸς τὸν Δεινοκράτην διαφερομένων τινές, ὄντες πλείους τῶν δισχιλίων, μετεβάλοντο πρὸς τὸν τύραννον καὶ τοῖς φυγάσιν αἴτιοι κατέστησαν τῆς ἥττης.
When they had encamped opposite each other near the place called Torgium and had afterward drawn up in battle array, a fierce battle raged for a short time because of the eagerness of both sides; but after this, some of those who were at variance with Deinocrates, being more than two thousand, went over to the tyrant and became the cause of the defeat for the exiles.
§20.89.3οἱ μὲν γὰρ μετʼ Ἀγαθοκλέους ὄντες πολὺ μᾶλλον ἐθάρρησαν, οἱ δὲ Δεινοκράτει συναγωνιζόμενοι κατεπλάγησαν καὶ νομίσαντες πλείους εἶναι τοὺς ἀφισταμένους πρὸς φυγὴν ὥρμησαν.
For those with Agathocles became much more encouraged, while those fighting along with Deinocrates were struck with terror and, thinking that those who were deserting were more numerous, turned to flight.
εἶθʼ ὁ μὲν Ἀγαθοκλῆς διώξας αὐτοὺς μέχρι τινὸς καὶ τοῦ φονεύειν ἀποσχόμενος διεπέμψατο πρὸς τοὺς ἡττημένους, ἀξιῶν παύσασθαι μὲν τῆς διαφορᾶς, καταπορευθῆναι δʼ εἰς τὰς πατρίδας· εἰληφέναι γὰρ αὐτοὺς πεῖραν τοῦ μηδέποτʼ ἂν δύνασθαι περιγενέσθαι τοὺς φυγάδας ἀγωνιζομένους πρὸς αὐτόν, ὅτε καὶ νῦν πολλαπλασίους ὄντας αὐτοὺς ἡττῆσθαι.
Then Agathocles, having pursued them up to a certain point and having abstained from slaughter, sent messages to the defeated, demanding that they put an end to the discord and return to their native cities; for they had received proof that the exiles, when fighting against him, could never prevail, since even now, when they were many times more numerous, they had been defeated.
§20.89.4τῶν δὲ φυγάδων οἱ μὲν ἱππεῖς ἅπαντες ἀπὸ τῆς φυγῆς διεσώθησαν εἰς Ἄμβικας χωρίον, τῶν δὲ πεζῶν ἔνιοι μὲν νυκτὸς ἐπιγενομένης διέδρασαν, οἱ δὲ πλείους καταλαβόμενοι λόφον καὶ τὴν μὲν ἐκ τοῦ διαγωνίζεσθαι νίκην ἀπελπίσαντες, ἐπιθυμοῦντες δὲ συγγενῶν καὶ φίλων καὶ πατρίδος καὶ τῶν ἐν ταύτῃ καλῶν διελύσαντο πρὸς Ἀγαθοκλέα.
Of the exiles, all the cavalry escaped from the flight to a place called Ambicae; of the infantry, some escaped when night came on, but the majority, having occupied a hill and having despaired of victory from continuing the struggle, and longing for their relatives, friends, native country, and the blessings in it, came to terms with Agathocles.
§20.89.5λαβόντων οὖν αὐτῶν πίστεις καὶ καταβάντων ἀπό τινος ἐρυμνοῦ λόφου τὰ μὲν ὅπλα παρείλετο, τὴν δὲ δύναμιν περιστήσας ἅπαντας κατηκόντισεν, ὄντας περὶ ἑπτακισχιλίους, ὡς Τίμαιός φησιν, ὡς δʼ ἔνιοι γράφουσιν, εἰς τετρακισχιλίους·
When they had therefore received pledges and had come down from a certain strong hill, he took away their arms, and, having surrounded them with his army, shot them all down with javelins, they being about seven thousand, as Timaeus says, but as some write, about four thousand.
§20.89.6ἀεὶ γὰρ ὁ τύραννος οὗτος πίστεως μὲν καὶ τῶν ὅρκων κατεφρόνει, τὴν δʼ ἰδίαν ἰσχὺν οὐκ ἐκ τῆς περὶ αὐτὸν δυνάμεως, ἀλλʼ ἐκ τῆς τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων ἀσθενείας περιεποιεῖτο, πλεῖον δεδοικὼς τοὺς συμμάχους ἢ τοὺς πολεμίους.
For this tyrant always despised good faith and oaths, and acquired his own strength not from the power about him but from the weakness of his subjects, fearing his allies more than his enemies.

Notes

  1. 20.89.1μεθʼ ἧς εἶχε δυνάμεως — An instance of the attraction of the relative pronoun ἧς, where the antecedent δυνάμεως is drawn into the relative clause, and the pronoun itself is attracted into the genitive case by the preposition μετά. The regular structure would be μετὰ τῆς δυνάμεως ἣν εἶχε.
  2. 20.89.2τῶν πρὸς τὸν Δεινοκράτην διαφερομένων — The verb διαφέρομαι combined with the preposition πρός and the accusative means 'to be at variance with' or 'to clash with.' Here it refers to a faction among the exiles who, despite being on Deinocrates' side, had a falling out with him.
  3. 20.89.3τοῦ μηδέποτʼ ἂν δύνασθαι περιγενέσθαι — The infinitive δύνασθαι accompanied by ἄν represents a conditional potential apodosis (which would have been in the optative or past indicative with ἄν in direct speech: 'they would never be able to prevail'). It is a genitive infinitive of explanation depending on πεῖραν (proof, experience).
  4. 20.89.5ὄντες — While the accusative participle ὄντας would grammatically be expected to agree with the victims (represented by the accusative ἅπαντας), the nominative ὄντες is used here instead. This is an anacoluthon (grammatical inconsistency) likely caused by the insertion of the source citation (ὡς Τίμαιός φησιν).

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.89.1-20.89.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.89.1-20.89.6

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