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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.7.1-20.7.5

Agathocles Burns His Fleet to Cut Off Escape

Passage 195 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Agathocles persuaded his leaders and, claiming it as a vow to Demeter and Kore, ordered the entire fleet to be set on fire. He did this to cut off the soldiers' escape route and force them to fight, and also because his small force could not afford to guard the ships.

§20.7.1οὕτω δὲ παράβολον ἐπιτελεσάμενος πρᾶξιν, ἄλλην ἐτόλμησε ταύτης μᾶλλον κεκινδυνευμένην.
Having accomplished so reckless an enterprise, he dared another even more hazardous than this.
παραστησάμενος γὰρ τοὺς ἐν ἡγεμονίαις ὄντας εὐπειθεῖς πρὸς τὴν ἰδίαν ἐπιβολὴν καὶ θυσίαν ποιησάμενος Δήμητρι καὶ Κόρῃ συνήγαγεν ἐκκλησίαν κἄπειτα προελθὼν ἐπὶ §20.7.2τὴν δημηγορίαν ἐστεφανωμένος ἐν ἱματίῳ λαμπρῷ καὶ προδιαλεχθεὶς οἰκείως τοῖς ἐγχειρουμένοις ἔφησε ταῖς κατεχούσαις Σικελίαν θεαῖς Δήμητρι καὶ Κόρῃ πεποιῆσθαι, καθʼ ὃν καιρὸν ἐδιώχθησαν ὑπὸ Καρχηδονίων, §20.7.3εὐχὰς λαμπαδεύσειν ἁπάσας τὰς ναῦς.
For, having rendered those in positions of command compliant with his own plan, and having offered sacrifice to Demeter and Kore, he called an assembly, and then, coming forward to deliver his speech, crowned and in a splendid robe, and having spoken in a manner suited to the undertaking, he said that, at the time when they were pursued by the Carthaginians, he had made to the goddesses Demeter and Kore, who hold sway over Sicily, a vow to burn all the ships with torches.
καλῶς οὖν ἔχειν τετευχότας τῆς σωτηρίας ἀποδιδόναι τὰς εὐχάς.
It was proper, therefore, since they had obtained safety, to pay their vows.
ἀντὶ δὲ τούτων ἐπηγγέλλετο πολλαπλασίους ἀποδώσειν προθύμως αὐτῶν ἀγωνισαμένων· καὶ γὰρ τὰς θεὰς διὰ τῶν ἱερῶν προσημαίνειν νίκην τοῦ σύμπαντος πολέμου.
In return for these, he promised that he would eagerly restore many times more, if they fought with spirit; for indeed, the goddesses were indicating beforehand, through the sacrifices, victory in the entire war.
§20.7.4ἅμα δὲ ταῦτα λέγοντος αὐτοῦ τῶν ὑπηρετῶν τις προσήνεγκεν ἡμμένην δᾷδα·
And as he was saying these things, one of the attendants brought a lighted torch.
ἣν δεξάμενος καὶ τοῖς τριηράρχοις ὁμοίως ἅπασι προστάξας ἀναδοῦναι τάς τε θεὰς ἐπεκαλέσατο καὶ πρῶτος ὥρμησεν ἐπὶ τὴν ναυαρχίδα τριήρη· στὰς δʼ ἐπὶ τὴν πρύμναν καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τὸ παραπλήσιον ποιεῖν παρεκελεύετο.
Taking it, and having ordered that they be distributed likewise to all the trierarchs, he invoked the goddesses and was the first to rush to the flagship trireme; and standing upon the stern, he exhorted the others to do the same.
ἔνθα δὴ τῶν τριηράρχων ἁπάντων ἐνέντων τὸ πῦρ καὶ ταχὺ τῆς φλογὸς εἰς ὕψος ἀρθείσης οἱ μὲν σαλπιγκταὶ τὸ πολεμικὸν ἐσήμαινον, τὸ δὲ στρατόπεδον ἐπηλάλαξε, συνευχομένων ἁπάντων ὑπὲρ τῆς εἰς οἶκον σωτηρίας.
Thereupon, when all the trierarchs had set fire, and quickly the flame was raised on high, the trumpeters sounded the battle signal, and the army raised a shout, everyone joining in prayer for their safe return home.
§20.7.5τοῦτο δʼ ἔπραξεν Ἀγαθοκλῆς μάλιστα μὲν ἕνεκα τοῦ συναναγκάσαι τοὺς στρατιώτας ἐν τοῖς κινδύνοις ἐπιλαθέσθαι τὸ παράπαν τῆς φυγῆς· δῆλον γὰρ ὅτι τῆς ἐπὶ τὰς ναῦς καταφυγῆς ἀποκοπείσης ἐν μόνῳ τῷ νικᾶν ἕξουσι τὰς ἐλπίδας τῆς σωτηρίας· ἔπειτα καὶ δύναμιν ὀλίγην ἔχων ἐθεώρει διότι φυλάσσων μὲν τὰς ναῦς ἀναγκασθήσεται μερίζειν τὸ στρατόπεδον καὶ μηδαμῶς ἀξιόμαχος εἶναι, καταλιπὼν δʼ ἐρήμους ὑποχειρίους ποιήσει γενέσθαι Καρχηδονίοις.
This Agathocles did chiefly for the purpose of compelling the soldiers in dangers to forget escape altogether; for it was clear that, the refuge to the ships having been cut off, they would have their hopes of safety only in victory; and secondly, having a small force, he saw that if he guarded the ships, he would be forced to divide his army and be by no means a match for the enemy, whereas if he left them deserted, he would cause them to fall into the hands of the Carthaginians.

Notes

  1. 20.7.2πεποιῆσθαι — An accusative and infinitive construction depending on the verb of speaking ἔφησε. The subject of the perfect middle/passive infinitive πεποιῆσθαι is omitted as it is identical to the subject of the main clause (Agathocles). εὐχάς serves as its object, which is further qualified by the future infinitive λαμπαδεύσειν ("to burn with torches") expressing the content of the vow.
  2. 20.7.3πολλαπλασίους — The feminine accusative plural form of the adjective πολλαπλάσιος, agreeing with the omitted noun ναῦς ("ships") understood from the context. It means "to restore many times more ships (than those burned)".
  3. 20.7.5διότι — Used here not as "because" (expressing reason), but as a conjunction introducing an object clause after the verb ἐθεώρει ("he perceived, considered"), equivalent to ὅτι ("that"), a usage common in late Greek.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.7.1-20.7.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.7.1-20.7.5

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