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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.64.1-20.64.5

Agathocles' Return to Libya and Battle with Carthage

Passage 252 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Agathocles returns to Libya and confronts the Carthaginian army but is defeated due to numerical and topographical disadvantages, forcing a retreat to his camp; the following night, an unexpected calamity strikes both forces.

§20.64.1καὶ κομισθεὶς εἰς Λιβύην κατέλαβε τὸ στρατόπεδον ἐν ἀθυμίᾳ καὶ σπάνει πολλῇ· διόπερ κρίνων συμφέρειν διαγωνίζεσθαι παρεκάλεσε τοὺς στρατιώτας εἰς τὸν κίνδυνον καὶ προαγαγὼν τὴν δύναμιν ἐκτεταγμένην προεκαλεῖτο τοὺς βαρβάρους εἰς μάχην.
And having crossed over to Libya, he found the camp in despondency and great want; wherefore, judging it to be advantageous to fight it out, he exhorted the soldiers to the danger, and having led forward his force drawn up in battle order, he challenged the barbarians to battle.
§20.64.2εἶχε δὲ πεζοὺς μὲν τοὺς ἅπαντας ὑπολειπομένους Ἕλληνας ἑξακισχιλίους, Κελτοὺς δὲ καὶ Σαυνίτας καὶ Τυρρηνοὺς τούτων οὐκ ἐλάττους, Λίβυας δὲ μικρὸν ἀπολείποντας τῶν μυρίων, οὓς ἐφέδρους εἶναι συνέβαινε, συμμεταβαλλομένους ἀεὶ τοῖς καιροῖς· §20.64.3χωρὶς δὲ τούτων ἠκολούθουν ἱππεῖς χίλιοι πεντακόσιοι, ζεύγη δὲ Λιβύων πλείω τῶν ἑξακισχιλίων.
He had as infantry all the remaining Greeks, six thousand, and Celts, Samnites and Tyrrhenians no fewer than these, and Libyans little short of ten thousand, whom it happened were in reserve, always changing sides with the circumstances; Apart from these there followed fifteen hundred cavalry, and more than six thousand Libyan chariots.
οἱ δὲ Καρχηδόνιοι κατεστρατοπεδευκότες ἐπὶ τῶν ὑπερδεξίων καὶ δυσπροσίτων διακινδυνεύειν μὲν πρὸς ἀνθρώπους ἀπογινώσκοντας τὴν σωτηρίαν οὐκ ἔκρινον, μένοντες δʼ ἐν τῇ παρεμβολῇ καὶ πάντων εὐποροῦντες τῇ σπάνει καὶ τῷ χρόνῳ καταπολεμήσειν τοὺς ἐναντίους ἤλπιζον.
The Carthaginians, having encamped on high and inaccessible grounds, decided not to risk a battle against men who despaired of their safety, but remaining in their camp and being well supplied with all things, they hoped to subdue the enemy by want and time.
§20.64.4ὁ δʼ Ἀγαθοκλῆς οὐ δυνάμενος μὲν αὐτοὺς εἰς τὰ πεδία προάγεσθαι, τῶν δὲ καιρῶν ἀναγκαζόντων τολμᾶν τι καὶ παραβάλλεσθαι τὴν δύναμιν ἤγαγεν ἐπὶ τὴν τῶν βαρβάρων στρατοπεδείαν.
Agathocles, being unable to draw them out into the plains, and circumstances forcing him to dare something and hazard his force, led them against the camp of the barbarians.
ἐπεξελθόντων οὖν τῶν Καρχηδονίων καὶ πολὺ τῷ πλήθει καὶ ταῖς δυσχωρίαις ὑπερεχόντων ἐπὶ μέν τινα χρόνον οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀγαθοκλέα διεκαρτέρουν πάντοθεν ἐκθλιβόμενοι, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτʼ ἐνδόντων τῶν μισθοφόρων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἠναγκάσθησαν ἀναχωρῆσαι πρὸς τὴν στρατοπεδείαν.
Therefore, when the Carthaginians came out to meet them and, being far superior both in numbers and by the difficulty of the terrain, for a certain time those around Agathocles held out, though hard pressed from all sides, but after this, since the mercenaries and the others gave way, they were forced to retreat to their own camp.
§20.64.5οἱ δὲ βάρβαροι βαρέως ἐπικείμενοι τοὺς μὲν Λίβυας παρήλλαττον οὐδὲν ἐνοχλοῦντες, ἵνα τὴν εὔνοιαν αὐτῶν ἐκκαλέσωνται, τοὺς δʼ Ἕλληνας καὶ μισθοφόρους γνωρίζοντες διὰ τῶν ὅπλων ἐφόνευον, μέχρις ὅτου συνεδίωξαν εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν.
The barbarians, pressing hard upon them, passed by the Libyans, harassing them not at all, in order to win their goodwill, but recognizing the Greeks and mercenaries by their armor, they slaughtered them until they drove them together into their camp.
τότε μὲν οὖν ἀνῃρέθησαν Ἀγαθοκλέους εἰς τρισχιλίους· κατὰ δὲ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν νύκτα τὰς δυνάμεις ἀμφοτέρας συνέβη περιπεσεῖν παραλόγῳ τινὶ συμφορᾷ καὶ πᾶσιν ἀνελπίστῳ.
At that time, then, up to three thousand of Agathocles' men were slain; but during the following night, it happened that both forces fell into a certain irrational and, to all, unexpected calamity.

Notes

  1. ¦p.v.5.p.269¦τούτων οὐκ ἐλάττους — The genitive of comparison τούτων refers back to the preceding 'six thousand' (ἑξακισχιλίους). Thus, it indicates that the combined force of the Celts, Samnites, and Tyrrhenians was not fewer than six thousand.
  2. ¦p.v.5.p.269¦οὓς ἐφέδρους εἶναι συνέβαινε — The relative pronoun οὕς functions as the subject accusative of the infinitive εἶναι, and the entire clause serves as the subject of the impersonal verb συνέβαινε ('it happened that they were in reserve').
  3. ¦p.v.5.p.270¦Ἀγαθοκλέους — The genitive Ἀγαθοκλέους is used ellipsis-like for 'Agathocles' men' (τῶν Ἀγαθοκλέους) or acts as a partitive genitive ('of Agathocles' [forces]'), modifying the subject 'up to three thousand.'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.64.1-20.64.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.64.1-20.64.5

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