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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.62.1-20.62.5

Relief of Syracuse and Defeat of Xenodocus

Passage 250 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Agathocles secured naval supremacy through an unexpected victory, relieving Syracuse's food shortage. He then dispatched Leptines to Agrigentine territory, where Leptines defeated the forces of Xenodocus, who was weakened by internal political strife.

§20.62.1Ἀγαθοκλῆς μὲν οὖν οὐδʼ ἐλπίδας ἔχων τοῦ κατὰ θάλατταν περιέσεσθαί ποτε Καρχηδονίων ἐνίκησε ναυμαχίᾳ παραδόξως καὶ τὸ λοιπὸν θαλασσοκρατῶν παρείχετο τοῖς ἐμπόροις τὴν ἀσφάλειαν.
Agathocles, then, although not even having hopes of ever prevailing over the Carthaginians by sea, won the naval battle unexpectedly, and thereafter, ruling the sea, provided safety to the merchants.
διόπερ οἱ Συρακόσιοι, πάντοθεν πρὸς αὐτοὺς κομιζομένης ἀγορᾶς, ἀντὶ τῆς τῶν ἐπιτηδείων σπάνεως ταχέως πάντων ἔσχον δαψίλειαν.
Therefore the Syracusans, since provisions were being brought to them from all sides, quickly had an abundance of all things instead of the scarcity of necessaries.
§20.62.2ὁ δὲ δυνάστης μετεωρισθεὶς τῷ γεγονότι προτερήματι Λεπτίνην ἐξαπέστειλε λεηλατήσοντα τὴν πολεμίαν καὶ μάλιστα τὴν Ἀκραγαντίνην.
But the ruler, elated by the victory that had occurred, sent Leptines out to ravage the enemy territory, especially that of Agrigentum.
ὁ γὰρ Ξενόδοκος διὰ τὴν γεγενημένην ἧτταν βλασφημούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν ἀντιπολιτευομένων ἐστασίαζε πρὸς αὐτούς.
For Xenodocus, being slandered by his political opponents because of the defeat that had occurred, was in conflict with them.
§20.62.3παρήγγειλε μὲν οὖν τῷ Λεπτίνῃ πειρᾶσθαι προκαλέσασθαι τὸν ἄνδρα πρὸς τὴν μάχην· ῥᾳδίως γὰρ προτερήσειν ὡς στασιαζούσης δυνάμεως καὶ προηττημένης.
Accordingly, he ordered Leptines to try to challenge the man to battle; for [he said] he would easily prevail, since the force was in discord and had already been defeated.
§20.62.4ὅπερ καὶ συνετελέσθη· ὁ μὲν γὰρ Λεπτίνης ἐμβαλὼν εἰς τὴν Ἀκραγαντίνην τὴν χώραν ἐδῄου, ὁ δὲ Ξενόδοκος τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἡσυχίαν εἶχεν, οὐ νομίζων αὑτὸν ἀξιόμαχον εἶναι, ὀνειδιζόμενος δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν πολιτῶν εἰς δειλίαν προήγαγε τὴν στρατιάν, τῷ μὲν ἀριθμῷ βραχὺ λειπομένην τῶν ἐναντίων, τῇ δʼ ἀρετῇ πολὺ καταδεεστέραν οὖσαν, ὡς ἂν τῆς μὲν πολιτικῆς ἐν ἀνέσει καὶ σκιατραφίᾳ γεγενημένης, τῆς δʼ ἐν ἀγραυλίᾳ καὶ συνεχέσι στρατείαις γεγυμνασμένης.
Which indeed was accomplished; for Leptines, invading the Agrigentine territory, ravaged the country, while Xenodocus at first remained quiet, not thinking himself a match for them, but, being reproached by the citizens for cowardice, led out his army, which fell short of the opponents by only a little in number, but was far inferior in valor, inasmuch as the citizen force had been brought up in ease and shade, while the other had been trained in open-air life and continuous campaigns.
§20.62.5διὸ καὶ μάχης γενομένης οἱ περὶ τὸν Λεπτίνην ταχὺ τοὺς Ἀκραγαντίνους τρεψάμενοι συνεδίωξαν εἰς τὴν πόλιν· ἔπεσον δʼ ἐπὶ τῆς παρατάξεως τῶν ἡττηθέντων πεζοὶ μὲν περὶ πεντακοσίους, ἱππεῖς δὲ πλείω τῶν πεντήκοντα.
Therefore, when battle was joined, Leptines and his men quickly routed the Agrigentines and pursued them into the city; and there fell on the battleline of the defeated about five hundred infantry and more than fifty cavalry.
εἶθʼ οἱ μὲν Ἀκραγαντῖνοι δυσφοροῦντες ἐπὶ τοῖς ἐλαττώμασιν ἐν αἰτίαις εἶχον τὸν Ξενόδοκον, ὡς δι’ ἐκεῖνον δὶς ἡττημένοι· ὁ δὲ φοβηθεὶς τὰς ἐπιφερομένας εὐθύνας καὶ κρίσεις ἀπεχώρησεν εἰς τὴν Γέλαν.
Then the Agrigentines, bearing their defeats with difficulty, held Xenodocus in blame, as if they had been twice defeated because of him; but he, fearing the pending accountability and trials, withdrew to Gela.

Notes

  1. 20.62.1Καρχηδονίων — Genitive of comparison governed by the verb `περιέσεσθαί` (future infinitive of `περιγίγνομαι`, "to prevail over, overcome").
  2. 20.62.3προτερήσειν — Infinitive in indirect discourse. It expresses the content of the command (or the thoughts of Agathocles) introduced by `παρήγγειλε`, with the subject (Leptines) omitted in the accusative.
  3. 20.62.4ὡς ἂν τῆς μὲν πολιτικῆς ... γεγενημένης — Genitive absolute with `ὡς ἄν`. Rather than a conditional clause with the subjunctive, it presents a subjective reason or hypothetical comparison based on real circumstances ("inasmuch as," "as though").

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.62.1-20.62.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.62.1-20.62.5

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