Humanitext Reader

Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.22.1-20.22.6

Bosporan Succession War and the Victory of Satyrus

Passage 210 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Following the death of Parysades, a succession war breaks out among his sons in the Cimmerian Bosporus, where the eldest son, Satyrus, marches against his brother Eumelus, who is allied with neighboring barbarians. After a fierce battle, Satyrus defeats the allied king of the Siraces and routs the enemy's entire force, demonstrating his fitness for the kingship.

§20.22.1περὶ γὰρ τοὺς αὐτοὺς καιροὺς ἐν τῷ Πόντῳ μετὰ τὴν Παρυσάδου τελευτήν, ὃς ἦν βασιλεὺς τοῦ Κιμμερικοῦ Βοσπόρου, διετέλουν οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ διαπολεμοῦντες πρὸς ἀλλήλους ὑπὲρ τῆς ἡγεμονίας, Εὔμηλός τε καὶ Σάτυρος καὶ Πρύτανις.
Around the same time, in the region of Pontus, after the death of Parysades, who was the king of the Cimmerian Bosporus, his sons, Eumelus, Satyrus, and Prytanis, continued to wage war against one another for the sovereignty.
§20.22.2τούτων δὲ ὁ μὲν Σάτυρος ὢν πρεσβύτερος παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς παρειλήφει τὴν ἀρχήν, βεβασιλευκότος ἔτη τριάκοντα ὀκτώ· ὁ δʼ Εὔμηλος φιλίαν συντεθειμένος πρός τινας τῶν πλησιοχώρων βαρβάρων καὶ δύναμιν ἁδρὰν ἠθροικὼς ἠμφισβήτει τῆς βασιλείας.
Of these, Satyrus, being the elder, had succeeded to the rule from his father, who had reigned for thirty-eight years; but Eumelus, having concluded an alliance with some of the neighboring barbarians and having gathered a strong force, disputed the kingship.
§20.22.3ἃ δὴ πυθόμενος ὁ Σάτυρος ἀνέζευξεν ἐπʼ αὐτὸν μετὰ δυνάμεως ἁδρᾶς καὶ διαβὰς τὸν Θάτην ποταμόν, ἐπειδὴ πλησίον ἐγένετο τῶν πολεμίων, τὴν μὲν παρεμβολὴν ταῖς ἁμάξαις περιλαβὼν αἷς ἦν κεκομικὼς τὰς ἀγορὰς οὔσας παμπληθεῖς, τὴν δὲ δύναμιν ἐκτάξας αὐτὸς κατὰ μέσην ὑπῆρχε τὴν φάλαγγα, καθάπερ ἐστὶ Σκύθαις νόμιμον.
On learning of this, Satyrus marched against him with a powerful army, and having crossed the river Thatis, when he drew near the enemy, he enclosed his camp with the wagons in which he had brought his provisions, which were very numerous, and having drawn up his forces, he himself took his position in the center of the phalanx, just as is the custom among the Scythians.
§20.22.4συνεστρατεύοντο δʼ αὐτῷ μισθοφόροι μὲν Ἕλληνες οὐ πλείους δισχιλίων καὶ Θρᾷκες ἴσοι τούτοις, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ πάντες ὑπῆρχον σύμμαχοι Σκύθαι, πλείους τῶν δισμυρίων, ἱππεῖς δὲ οὐκ ἐλάττους μυρίων.
There campaigned with him Greek mercenaries not exceeding two thousand, and Thracians equal to these in number, while all the rest were Scythian allies, more than twenty thousand, and the cavalry were not fewer than ten thousand.
τῷ δʼ Εὐμήλῳ συνεμάχει Ἀριφάρνης ὁ τῶν Σιρακῶν βασιλεύς, ἱππεῖς μὲν ἔχων δισμυρίους, πεζοὺς δὲ δισχιλίους πρὸς τοῖς δισμυρίοις.
On Eumelus's side fought in alliance Aripharnes, the king of the Siraces, who had twenty thousand cavalry and twenty-two thousand infantry.
§20.22.5γενομένης δὲ μάχης ἰσχυρᾶς Σάτυρος μὲν ἔχων περὶ ἑαυτὸν ἐπιλέκτους ἄνδρας ἱππομαχίαν συνεστήσατο πρὸς τοὺς περὶ Ἀριφάρνην ἀνθεστηκότας κατὰ μέσην τὴν τάξιν καὶ πολλῶν παρʼ ἀμφοτέροις πεσόντων τέλος ἐκβιασάμενος ἐτρέψατο τὸν βασιλέα τῶν βαρβάρων.
When a fierce battle took place, Satyrus, keeping select men about himself, engaged in a cavalry fight against those under Aripharnes who opposed them in the center of the line; and though many fell on both sides, he finally forced his way through and put the king of the barbarians to flight.
§20.22.6καὶ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐπέκειτο φονεύων τοὺς ἀεὶ καταλαμβανομένους· μετʼ ὀλίγον δὲ πυθόμενος τὸν ἀδελφὸν Εὔμηλον προτερεῖν περὶ τὸ δεξιὸν κέρας καὶ τοὺς παρʼ αὐτῷ μισθοφόρους τετράφθαι τοῦ μὲν διώκειν ἀπέστη, παραβοηθήσας δὲ τοῖς ἡττημένοις καὶ τὸ δεύτερον αἴτιος γενόμενος τῆς νίκης ἅπαν ἐτρέψατο τῶν πολεμίων τὸ στρατόπεδον, ὥστε πᾶσι γενέσθαι φανερὸν ὅτι καὶ κατὰ γένος καὶ κατʼ ἀρετὴν προσῆκον ἦν αὐτῷ διαδέχεσθαι τὴν πατρῴαν βασιλείαν.
And at first he pursued them, slaying those whom he overtook from time to time; but a little later, learning that his brother Eumelus was prevailing on the right wing and that his own mercenaries had been routed, he desisted from the pursuit, and having gone to the rescue of those who were being defeated, he became the author of the victory for a second time and routed the entire army of the enemy, so that it became manifest to all that both by birth and by virtue it was fitting for him to succeed to his father's kingdom.

Notes

  1. 20.22.1διετέλουν οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ διαπολεμοῦντες — The verb `διατελέω` (to continue) is constructed with the supplementary participle `διαπολεμοῦντες` (nominative plural), indicating that the subject `οἱ παῖδες` (his sons) continuously waged war.
  2. 20.22.3ἃ δὴ πυθόμενος — The relative pronoun in the neuter plural `ἃ` at the beginning of the sentence functions as a relative connection (linking relative), referring to the facts described in the preceding section (Eumelus's rebellion and alliance). It serves as the direct object of the participle `πυθόμενος`.
  3. 20.22.3τὰς ἀγορὰς οὔσας παμπληθεῖς — The participle `οὔσας` (feminine accusative plural) agrees in gender, number, and case not with the relative pronoun `αἷς` (dative plural), but with `τὰς ἀγορὰς` (feminine accusative plural), which is the object within the relative clause. The phrase means 'the provisions, which were very numerous, that he had brought'.
  4. 20.22.6τοῦ μὲν διώκειν ἀπέστη — The verb `ἀφίσταμαι` (to desist, withdraw) governs the genitive of separation. Here, the articular infinitive `τοῦ διώκειν` (from pursuing) functions as this genitive of separation.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.22.1-20.22.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.22.1-20.22.6

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.