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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §20.104.1-20.104.4

Cleonymus' Italian Campaign and Capture of Corcyra

Passage 292 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Sparta dispatches Cleonymus as general at the request of the Tarentines. Although Cleonymus raises a large army and subdues the Lucanians and Metapontines, he soon indulges in luxury, postpones his Sicilian expedition, and occupies Corcyra to use it as his base.

§20.104.1κατὰ δὲ τὴν Ἰταλίαν Ταραντῖνοι πόλεμον ἔχοντες πρὸς Δευκανοὺς καὶ Ῥωμαίους ἐξέπεμψαν πρεσβευτὰς εἰς τὴν Σπάρτην, αἰτούμενοι βοήθειαν καὶ στρατηγὸν Κλεώνυμον.
In Italy, the Tarentines, being at war with the Lucanians and the Romans, dispatched ambassadors to Sparta, asking for aid and Cleonymus as general.
§20.104.2τῶν δὲ Δακεδαιμονίων προθύμως ἡγεμόνα δόντων τὸν αἰτούμενον καὶ τῶν Ταραντίνων χρήματα καὶ ναῦς ἀποστειλάντων ὁ μὲν Κλεώνυμος ἐπὶ Ταινάρῳ τῆς Λακωνικῆς ξενολογήσας στρατιώτας πεντακισχιλίους συντόμως κατέπλευσεν εἰς Τάραντα.
Since the Lacedaemonians eagerly granted the requested leader and the Tarentines sent money and ships, Cleonymus, having recruited five thousand soldiers at Taenarum in Laconica, quickly sailed down to Tarentum.
ἐνταῦθα δὲ μισθοφόρους ἀθροίσας ἄλλους οὐκ ἐλάττους τῶν προτέρων κατέγραφε καὶ τοὺς πολιτικοὺς πεζοὺς μὲν πλείους τῶν δισμυρίων, ἱππεῖς δὲ δισχιλίους.
Gathering there other mercenaries no fewer than the former, he enrolled them, along with more than twenty thousand citizen infantry and two thousand cavalry.
προσελάβετο δὲ τῶν τε κατʼ Ἰταλίαν Ἑλλήνων τοὺς πλείστους καὶ τὸ τῶν Μεσσαπίων ἔθνος.
He also won over most of the Greeks in Italy and the nation of the Messapians.
§20.104.3ἁδρᾶς οὖν δυνάμεως περὶ αὐτὸν οὔσης οἱ μὲν Λευκανοὶ καταπλαγέντες φιλίαν ἐποιήσαντο πρὸς τοὺς Ταραντίνους, τῶν δὲ Μεταποντίνων οὐ προσεχόντων αὐτῷ τοὺς Λευκανοὺς ἔπεισεν ἐμβαλεῖν εἰς τὴν χώραν καὶ τῷ καιρῷ συνεπιθέμενος κατεπλήξατο τοὺς Μεταποντίνους.
Since a formidable force was therefore gathered around him, the Lucanians were terrified and made peace with the Tarentines; but as the Metapontines did not submit to him, he persuaded the Lucanians to invade their territory, and attacking together at the opportune moment, he struck terror into the Metapontines.
παρελθὼν δʼ εἰς τὴν πόλιν ὡς φίλος ἐπράξατο μὲν ἀργυρίου τάλαντα πλείω τῶν ἑξακοσίων, διακοσίας δὲ παρθένους τὰς ἐπιφανεστάτας ἔλαβεν εἰς ὁμηρίαν, οὐχ οὕτω τῆς περὶ τὴν πίστιν ἀσφαλείας χάριν, ὡς τῆς ἰδίας ἕνεκεν λαγνείας.
Entering the city as a friend, he exacted more than six hundred talents of silver, and took two hundred of the most prominent virgins as hostages, not so much for the sake of guaranteeing their loyalty, as for the satisfaction of his own lust.
§20.104.4ἀποθέμενος γὰρ τὴν Λακωνικὴν ἐσθῆτα διετέλει τρυφῶν καὶ τοὺς πιστεύσαντας αὐτῷ καταδουλούμενος· τηλικαύτας γὰρ ἔχων δυνάμεις καὶ χορηγίας οὐδὲν τῆς Σπάρτης ἄξιον ἔπραξεν.
For, laying aside his Laconic dress, he continued to live in luxury and to enslave those who had trusted him; for though he had such great forces and resources, he did nothing worthy of Sparta.
ἐπεβάλετο μὲν γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν Σικελίαν στρατεύειν, ὡς τὴν τυραννίδα μὲν καταλύσων τὴν Ἀγαθοκλέους, τὴν δʼ αὐτονομίαν τοῖς Σικελιώταις ἀποκαταστήσων, ὑπερθέμενος δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ παρόντος ταύτην τὴν στρατείαν ἔπλευσεν εἰς Κόρκυραν καὶ κρατήσας τῆς πόλεως χρημάτων τε πλῆθος εἰσεπράξατο καὶ φρουρὰν ἐγκατέστησε, διανοούμενος ὁρμητηρίῳ τούτῳ τῷ τόπῳ χρήσασθαι καὶ τοῖς περὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα πράγμασιν ἐφεδρεύειν.
For he undertook to campaign against Sicily, intending to overthrow the tyranny of Agathocles and restore autonomy to the Siceliots, but postponing this campaign for the present, he sailed to Corcyra. Having made himself master of the city, he exacted a large sum of money and established a garrison, intending to use this place as a base of operations and to watch closely the affairs of Greece.

Notes

  1. §20.104.1Δευκανούς — Although the manuscript reads Δευκανούς, this is clearly a scribal error or variant for Λευκανούς (Lucanians). In §20.104.3 the name is written correctly as Λευκανοὶ, and it is understood as referring to the Lucanians here as well.
  2. §20.104.2τῶν προτέρων — Genitive of comparison depending on the comparative adjective οὐκ ἐλάττους (no fewer), referring to the 'five thousand soldiers' first recruited at Taenarum.
  3. §20.104.4διετέλει τρυφῶν καὶ ... καταδουλούμενος — The verb διατελέω takes supplementary participles (here τρυφῶν and καταδουλούμενος) to express continuous action ('he continued to live in luxury and to enslave').
  4. §20.104.4ὡς τὴν τυραννίδα μὲν καταλύσων ... ἀποκαταστήσων — Future participles (καταλύσων and ἀποκαταστήσων) accompanied by the conjunction ὡς, expressing the subject's intention or alleged purpose ('intending to overthrow... and restore...').

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §20.104.1-20.104.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:20.104.1-20.104.4

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