§19.98.1ὁ μὲν οὖν Δημήτριος λαβὼν ὁμήρους καὶ τὰς ὁμολογηθείσας δωρεὰς ἀνέζευξεν ἀπὸ τῆς πέτρας· διατείνας δὲ σταδίους τριακοσίους κατεστρατοπέδευσε πλησίον τῆς Ἀσφαλτίτιδος λίμνης, ἧς τὴν φύσιν οὐκ ἄξιον παραδραμεῖν ἀνεπισήμαντον.
So Demetrius, having received hostages and the agreed gifts, withdrew from the Rock; and after marching three hundred stades, he encamped near the Lake Asphaltites, whose nature it is not proper to pass over without notice.
κεῖται γὰρ κατὰ μέσην τὴν σατραπείαν τῆς Ἰδουμαίας, τῷ μὲν μήκει παρεκτείνουσα σταδίους μάλιστά που πεντακοσίους, τῷ δὲ πλάτει περὶ ἑξήκοντα.
For it lies in the middle of the satrapy of Idumaea, extending in length to somewhere about five hundred stades, and in width to about sixty.
τὸ δʼ ὕδωρ ἔχει διάπικρον καὶ καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν δυσῶδες, ὥστε μήτʼ ἰχθὺν δύνασθαι τρέφειν μήτʼ ἄλλο τῶν καθʼ ὕδατος εἰωθότων ζῴων εἶναι.
Its water is exceedingly bitter and extraordinarily foul-smelling, so that it can neither support fish nor contain any other of those creatures that are accustomed to live in water.
ἐμβαλλόντων δʼ εἰς αὐτὴν ποταμῶν μεγάλων τῇ γλυκύτητι διαφόρων τούτων μὲν περιγίνεται κατὰ τὴν δυσωδίαν, ἐξ αὑτῆς δὲ μέσης ἐκφυσᾷ κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἀσφάλτου στερεᾶς μέγεθος ποτὲ μὲν μεῖζον ἢ τρίπλεθρον, ἔστι δʼ ὅτʼ οὐ πολὺ λειπόμενον πλέθρου· ἐφʼ ᾧ δὴ συνήθως οἱ περιοικοῦντες βάρβαροι τὸ μὲν μεῖζον καλοῦσι ταῦρον, τὸ δὲ ἔλασσον μόσχον.
Although great rivers remarkable for their sweetness flow into it, the lake overcomes them by its foul smell, and from its very center it expels every year a mass of solid asphalt, sometimes larger than three plethra, and sometimes not much less than one plethron; on which account the neighboring barbarians are accustomed to call the larger mass a bull and the smaller a calf.
ἐπιπλεούσης δὲ τῆς ἀσφάλτου πελαγίας ὁ τόπος φαίνεται τοῖς ἐξ ἀποστήματος θεωροῦσιν οἱονεί τις νῆσος.
When the asphalt floats on the surface, the place appears to those who view it from a distance like an island.
τὴν δʼ ἔκπτωσιν φανερὰν συμβαίνει γίνεσθαι πρὸ ἡμερῶν εἴκοσι· κύκλῳ γὰρ τῆς λίμνης ἐπὶ πολλοὺς σταδίους ὀσμὴ τῆς ἀσφάλτου προσπίπτει μετὰ πνεύματος μοχθηροῦ καὶ πᾶς ὁ περὶ τὸν τόπον ἄργυρος καὶ χρυσὸς καὶ χαλκὸς ἀποβάλλει τὴν ἰδιότητα τοῦ χρώματος.
And its eruption happens to become manifest twenty days beforehand; for for many stades around the lake, the odor of the asphalt falls upon the senses with a noxious breeze, and all the silver, gold, and bronze near the place lose their characteristic color.
ἀλλʼ αὕτη μὲν ἀποκαθίσταται πάλιν, ἐπειδὰν ἀναφυσηθῆναι συμβῇ πᾶσαν τὴν ἄσφαλτον· ὁ δὲ πλησίον τόπος ἔμπυρος ὢν καὶ δυσώδης ποιεῖ τὰ σώματα τῶν περιοικούντων ἐπίνοσα καὶ παντελῶς ὀλιγοχρόνια.
But this color is restored again as soon as all the asphalt has finished erupting; and the neighboring land, being fiery and foul-smelling, makes the bodies of the inhabitants sickly and very short-lived.
ἀγαθὴ δʼ ἐστὶ φοινικόφυτος ὅσην αὐτῆς συμβαίνει διειλῆφθαι ποταμοῖς χρησίμοις ἢ πηγαῖς δυναμέναις ἀρδεύειν.
However, as much of the land as happens to be intersected by useful rivers or springs capable of irrigating is fertile and planted with palms.
γίνεται δὲ περὶ τοὺς τόπους τούτους ἐν αὐλῶνί τινι καὶ τὸ καλούμενον βάλσαμον, ἐξ οὗ πρόσοδον ἁδρὰν εἶναι συμβαίνει, οὐδαμοῦ μὲν τῆς ἄλλης οἰκουμένης εὑρισκομένου τοῦ φυτοῦ, τῆς δʼ ἐξ αὐτοῦ χρείας εἰς φάρμακα τοῖς ἰατροῖς καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν εὐθετούσης.
In these parts, moreover, in a certain valley, there grows also the so-called balsam, from which a large revenue is derived, since the plant is found nowhere else in the rest of the inhabited world, and its usefulness for medicines is exceedingly well suited for physicians.