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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §19.77.1-19.77.7

Antigonus Campaigns to Free Greece and Enters Winter Quarters

Passage 154 of 301 · Greek

Summary

During the archonship of Polemon, Antigonus sends Ptolemy to liberate Greece, leading Cassander to withdraw and defend Macedonia. Facing the neutrality of the Byzantines and the onset of winter, Antigonus distributes his troops for winter quarters.

§19.77.1τοῦ δʼ ἔτους τούτου διελθόντος Ἀθήνησι μὲν ἦρχε Πολέμων, ἐν Ῥώμῃ δʼ ὑπῆρχον ὕπατοι Λεύκιος Παπείριος τὸ πέμπτον καὶ Γάιος Ἰούνιος, ἤχθη δὲ καὶ ὀλυμπιὰς κατὰ τοῦτον τὸν ἐνιαυτὸν ἑβδόμη πρὸς ταῖς ἑκατὸν καὶ δέκα, καθʼ ἣν ἐνίκα στάδιον Παρμενίων Μιτυληναῖος.
When this year had passed, Polemon was archon in Athens, and in Rome Lucius Papirius for the fifth time and Gaius Junius were consuls; and in this year the hundred and seventeenth Olympiad was celebrated, in which Parmenion of Mitylene won the stadion race.
§19.77.2ἐπὶ δὲ τούτων τῶν χρόνων Ἀντίγονος ἀπέστειλεν εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα στρατηγὸν Πτολεμαῖον τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἐλευθερώσοντα, συνέπεμψε δʼ αὐτῷ ναῦς μὲν μακρὰς ἑκατὸν καὶ πεντήκοντα, Μήδιον ἐπιστήσας ναύαρχον, στρατιώτας δὲ πεζοὺς μὲν πεντακισχιλίους, ἱππεῖς δὲ πεντακοσίους.
In these times, Antigonus sent Ptolemy as general into Greece to set the Greeks free, and sent with him one hundred and fifty warships, having appointed Medius as admiral, and five thousand infantry and five hundred cavalry.
§19.77.3ἐποιήσατο δὲ καὶ πρὸς Ῥοδίους συμμαχίαν καὶ προσελάβετο παρʼ αὐτῶν ναῦς ἐξηρτισμένας πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον δέκα πρὸς τὴν τῶν Ἑλλήνων ἐλευθέρωσιν.
He also made an alliance with the Rhodians and received from them ten ships equipped for the war for the liberation of the Greeks.
§19.77.4ὁ δὲ Πτολεμαῖος μετὰ παντὸς τοῦ στόλου καταπλεύσας τῆς Βοιωτίας εἰς τὸν Βαθὺν καλούμενον λιμένα παρὰ μὲν τοῦ κοινοῦ τῶν Βοιωτῶν προσελάβετο στρατιώτας πεζοὺς μὲν δισχιλίους διακοσίους, ἱππεῖς δὲ χιλίους τριακοσίους.
Ptolemy, having sailed with his entire fleet into the harbor of Boeotia called Bathys, received in addition from the Boeotian League two thousand two hundred infantry and one thousand three hundred cavalry.
μετεπέμψατο δὲ καὶ τὰς ἐξ Ὠρεοῦ ναῦς καὶ τειχίσας τὸν Σαλγανέα συνήγαγεν ἐνταῦθα πᾶσαν τὴν δύναμιν· ἤλπιζε γὰρ προσδέξασθαι τοὺς Χαλκιδεῖς, οἵπερ μόνοι τῶν Εὐβοέων ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων ἐφρουροῦντο.
He also summoned the ships from Oreus, and having fortified Salganeus, he assembled all his forces there; for he hoped that the Chalcidians, who alone of the Euboeans were garrisoned by the enemy, would receive him.
§19.77.5ὁ δὲ Κάσανδρος ἀγωνιῶν ὑπὲρ τῆς Χαλκίδος τὴν Ὠρεοῦ πολιορκίαν ἔλυσεν, εἰς δὲ τὴν Χαλκίδα παρῆλθεν καὶ τὰς δυνάμεις μετεπέμπετο.
Cassander, anxious for Chalcis, raised the siege of Oreus, and having entered Chalcis, he summoned his forces.
Ἀντίγονος δὲ πυθόμενος περὶ τὴν Εὔβοιαν ἐφεδρεύειν ἀλλήλοις τὰ στρατόπεδα, μετεπέμψατο τὸν Μήδιον εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν μετὰ τοῦ στόλου, εὐθὺς δὲ καὶ τὰς δυνάμεις ἀναλαβὼν προῆγεν ἐφʼ Ἑλλησπόντῳ κατὰ τάχος, ὡς διαβησόμενος εἰς Μακεδονίαν, ὅπως ἢ μένοντος Κασάνδρου περὶ τὴν Εὔβοιαν αὐτὸς ἔρημον καταλάβῃ Μακεδονίαν τῶν ἀμυνομένων ἢ τῇ βασιλείᾳ βοηθῶν ἀποβάλῃ τὰ κατὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα πράγματα.
But Antigonus, having learned that the armies were watching each other near Euboea, recalled Medius to Asia with the fleet, and immediately, taking up his forces, advanced with speed toward the Hellespont, intending to cross into Macedonia, so that either, if Cassander remained near Euboea, he himself might seize Macedonia when it was destitute of defenders, or, if Cassander went to the aid of his kingdom, he might lose his hold on affairs in Greece.
§19.77.6ὁ δὲ Κάσανδρος συνιδὼν τὴν ἐπίνοιαν αὐτοῦ Πλείσταρχον μὲν ἀπέλιπεν ἐπὶ τῆς ἐν Χαλκίδι φρουρᾶς, αὐτὸς δὲ μετὰ πάσης τῆς δυνάμεως ἀναζεύξας Ὠρωπὸν μὲν κατὰ κράτος εἷλε, Θηβαίους δʼ εἰς τὴν αὑτοῦ συμμαχίαν κατέστησεν· πρὸς δὲ τοὺς ἄλλους Βοιωτοὺς ἀνοχὰς ποιησάμενος καὶ καταλιπὼν ἐπὶ τῆς Ἑλλάδος στρατηγὸν Εὐπόλεμον ἀπῆλθεν εἰς Μακεδονίαν, ἀγωνιῶν περὶ τῆς τῶν πολεμίων διαβάσεως.
Cassander, perceiving his design, left Pleistarchus in command of the garrison in Chalcis, and himself marching with his entire force, took Oropus by storm, and brought the Thebans into his alliance; and having made a truce with the other Boeotians and left Eupolemus as general in Greece, he departed into Macedonia, anxious about the crossing of the enemy.
§19.77.7ὁ δʼ Ἀντίγονος ἐπειδὴ κατήντησεν εἰς τὴν Προποντίδα, διεπρεσβεύσατο πρὸς Βυζαντίους, ἀξιῶν μετέχειν τῆς συμμαχίας.
When Antigonus arrived at the Propontis, he sent envoys to the Byzantines, asking them to join his alliance.
παραγενομένων δὲ καὶ παρὰ Λυσιμάχου πρεσβευτῶν καὶ παρακαλούντων μηδὲν ποιεῖν μήτε κατʼ αὐτοῦ μήτε κατὰ Κασάνδρου τοῖς μὲν Βυζαντίοις ἔδοξε μένειν ἐφʼ ἡσυχίας καὶ τηρεῖν τὴν πρὸς ἀμφοτέρους εἰρήνην ἅμα καὶ φιλίαν.
But since envoys had also come from Lysimachus urging them to do nothing either against him or against Cassander, the Byzantines decided to remain quiet and to preserve peace and friendship with both.
ὁ δʼ Ἀντίγονος δυσχρηστούμενος ἐπὶ τούτοις, ἅμα δὲ καὶ τῆς χειμερινῆς ὥρας συγκλειούσης διέδωκε τοὺς στρατιώτας κατὰ πόλι εἰς τὴν χειμασίαν.
Antigonus, being embarrassed by this, and at the same time as the winter season was closing in, distributed his soldiers among the cities for winter quarters.

Notes

  1. §19.77.4ἤλπιζε γὰρ προσδέξασθαι τοὺς Χαλκιδεῖς — The accusative `τοὺς Χαλκιδεῖς` acts as the subject of the infinitive `προσδέξασθαι`. Although it is grammatically possible to interpret it as 'he (Ptolemy) hoped to receive the Chalcidians,' in this context where Chalcis is the only Euboean city garrisoned by the enemy, it is much more natural to understand that Ptolemy hoped the Chalcidians would 'receive' him as a liberator.
  2. §19.77.5ἢ τῇ βασιλείᾳ βοηθῶν ἀποβάλῃ τὰ κατὰ τὴν Ἑλλάδα πράγματα — This clause forms the second part of the purpose clause introduced by `ὅπως`, where the subject shifts from Antigonus (the subject of `καταλάβῃ`) to Cassander. The present participle `βοηθῶν` agrees with the subject of `ἀποβάλῃ` (Cassander), meaning 'or that (Cassander), by going to the aid of his kingdom, might lose his hold on affairs in Greece.'
  3. §19.77.7κατὰ πόλι — The poetic or Ionic dative form `πόλι` (corresponding to the standard Attic `πόλει`) is used here with the preposition `κατά`. It expresses a distributive sense, meaning 'among the cities' or 'city by city' (distributing soldiers for winter quarters).

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §19.77.1-19.77.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:19.77.1-19.77.7

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