§19.33.1Κητεὺς γὰρ ὁ τῶν ἐκ τῆς Ἰνδικῆς ἀπηντηκότων στρατηγὸς ἀνῃρέθη μὲν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ λαμπρῶς ἀγωνισάμενος, ἀπέλιπε δὲ δύο γυναῖκας συνακολουθούσας ἐν τῷ στρατοπέδῳ, τὴν μὲν νεόγαμον, τὴν δὲ ὀλίγοις ἔτεσι πρότερον συνοικήσασαν, ἀμφοτέρας δὲ φιλοστόργως πρὸς αὐτὸν διακειμένας.
For Ceteus, the general of those who had come from India, was killed in the battle after fighting brilliantly, but he left two wives who had accompanied him in the camp, one newly married, the other having wedded him a few years before, and both affectionately disposed toward him.
§19.33.2ὄντος δὲ παλαιοῦ νόμου παρὰ τοῖς Ἰνδοῖς τοὺς γαμοῦντας καὶ τὰς γαμουμένας παρθένους μὴ διὰ τῆς τῶν γονέων κρίσεως ποιεῖσθαι τὸν γάμον, ἀλλὰ πείσαντας ἀλλήλους, τὸν μὲν ἔμπροσθεν χρὸνον τῆς μνηστείας γενομένης διὰ νεωτέρων ταῖς ἡλικίαις ὡς ἐπὶ πολὺ συνέβαινε διαπίπτειν τὰς κρίσεις καὶ ταχὺ μεταμελομένων ἀμφοτέρων πολλὰς τῶν γυναικῶν διαφθείρεσθαι καὶ διʼ ἀκρασίαν φιλοστοργεῖν ἑτέρους, τέλος δὲ μὴ δυναμένας εὐσχημόνως ἀπολιπεῖν τοὺς ἐξ ἀρχῆς προκριθέντας διὰ φαρμάκων ἀναιρεῖν τοὺς συνοικοῦντας, καὶ τὴν χώραν δʼ οὐκ ὀλίγας ἀφορμὰς αὐταῖς δοῦναι, πολλὰς καὶ ποικίλας φέρουσαν φθαρτικὰς δυνάμεις, ἐξ ὧν ἐνίας προσχρωσθείσας μόνον τοῖς ἐδέσμασιν ἢ ποτηρίοις ἐπιφέρειν τὴν ἀπώλειαν.
As there was an old custom among the Indians that those who married and the maidens who were married did not contract marriage through the judgment of their parents, but by persuading one another, in former times, since the betrothal took place when they were very young in age, it happened for the most part that their judgments failed, and both quickly repenting, many of the women became corrupted and out of self-indulgence loved other men, and finally, being unable to leave honorably those whom they had chosen at first, they destroyed their husbands by means of poisons; and indeed the country afforded them not a few resources, producing many and diverse destructive properties, some of which, merely touched to food or drink, brought death.
§19.33.3ἐπιπολαζούσης δὲ τῆς ῥᾳδιουργίας καὶ πολλῶν ἀναιρουμένων τοῦτον τὸν τρόπον, ἐπειδὴ κολάζοντες τὰς αἰτίας τῶν κακῶν οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν ἀποτρέψαι τὰς ἄλλας τῶν ἀδικημάτων, νόμον ἔθεσαν ὅπως συγκατακαίωνται τοῖς τετελευτηκόσιν ἀνδράσιν αἱ γυναῖκες πλὴν τῶν ἐγκύων ἢ τῶν ἐχουσῶν τέκνα· τὴν δὲ μὴ βουλομένην τῷ δόγματι πιθαρχεῖν χήραν μὲν εἶναι διὰ τέλους καὶ θυσιῶν καὶ τῶν ἄλλων νομίμων εἴργεσθαι διὰ παντὸς ὡς ἀσεβοῦσαν.
Since this crime was prevalent and many were destroyed in this manner, when they could not deter the rest from their misdeeds by punishing those guilty of the evils, they established a law that wives should be burned together with their deceased husbands, except for those who were pregnant or had children; and that any woman who was unwilling to obey the decree should remain a widow to the end and be excluded forever from sacrifices and other customary rites as one being impious.
§19.33.4τούτων δὲ νομοθετηθέντων εἰς τοὐναντίον τὴν παρανομίαν τῶν γυναικῶν μεταβαλεῖν συνέβη·
When these laws were established, it happened that the lawlessness of the women changed to the very opposite.
διὰ γὰρ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς ἀτιμίας ἑκάστης ὑπομενούσης ἑκουσίως τὸν θάνατον οὐ μόνον προνοεῖσθαι τῆς τῶν συνοικούντων ἀσφαλείας ὡς κοινῆς οὔσης, ἀλλὰ καὶ πρὸς ἀλλήλας ἁμιλλᾶσθαι καθάπερ ὑπὲρ τῆς μεγίστης εὐδοξίας.
For because of the excess of dishonor, each woman willingly enduring death, they not only took thought for the safety of their husbands as being common to both, but even vied with one another as if for the greatest glory.