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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §19.26.1-19.26.10

Deceptions of Eumenes and Antigonus on the March

Passage 103 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Eumenes and Antigonus attempt to outwit each other using deserters and false information. Antigonus succeeds in halting Eumenes' rapid advance by leading his cavalry ahead to check the enemy and buy time until his main force can catch up.

§19.26.1νυκτὸς δὲ ἐπιγενομένης ἧκόν τινες ηὐτομοληκότες μὲν ἐκ τῆς Ἀντιγόνου στρατοπεδείας, λέγοντες δʼ ὅτι παρήγγειλε τοῖς στρατιώταις Ἀντίγονος ἀναζευγνύειν περὶ δευτέραν φυλακήν.
When night came, some deserters arrived from the camp of Antigonus, saying that Antigonus had ordered his soldiers to strike camp around the second watch.
ὁ δʼ Εὐμενὴς συλλογιζόμενος ἀληθῶς ὑπέλαβε τοὺς πολεμίους ἀποχωρήσειν εἰς τὴν Γαβηνήν·
But Eumenes, reasoning correctly, assumed that the enemy would withdraw to Gabene.
§19.26.2αὕτη γὰρ ἀπέχουσα τριῶν ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν ἀκέραιος ἦν καὶ πλήρης καρπῶν καὶ χορτασμάτων καὶ καθόλου τῶν δυναμένων χορηγῆσαι τὰ ἐπιτήδεια μεγάλαις δυνάμεσι δαψιλῶς.
For this region, being three days' journey away, was untouched and full of grain and fodder, and in general of things capable of supplying large armies abundantly with provisions.
§19.26.3πρὸς δὲ τούτοις τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὁ τόπος αὐτὸς συνήργει, ποταμοὺς ἔχων καὶ χαράδρας δυσεξόδους.
In addition to these advantages, the location itself was helpful to them, having rivers and difficult ravines.
σπεύδων οὖν φθάσαι τοὺς πολεμίους τὸ ὅμοιον ἔπραξε.
Therefore, hastening to anticipate the enemy, he did much the same thing.
τῶν μὲν μισθοφόρων τινὰς χρήμασι πείσας ἐξέπεμψεν ὡς αὐτομόλους, συντάξας λέγειν ὅτι διέγνωκεν Εὐμενὴς νυκτὸς ἐπιτίθεσθαι τῷ χάρακι· αὐτὸς δὲ τὴν μὲν ἀποσκευὴν προαπέστειλε, τοῖς δὲ στρατιώταις παρήγγειλε τὴν ταχίστην δειπνοποιησαμένοις ἀναζευγνύειν.
Having persuaded some of his mercenaries with money, he sent them out as deserters, instructing them to say that Eumenes had decided to attack the rampart by night; and he himself sent his baggage on ahead, and ordered his soldiers to strike camp as quickly as possible after having had their dinner.
§19.26.4ὧν ἁπάντων ὀξέως συντελεσθέντων Ἀντίγονος ἀκούσας τῶν αὐτομόλων ὅτι μάχεσθαι νυκτὸς διεγνώκασιν οἱ πολέμιοι, τῆς μὲν πορείας ἀπέσχετο, διέτασσε δὲ τὴν δύναμιν εἰς τὸν κίνδυνον.
When all of this had been quickly accomplished, Antigonus, hearing from the deserters that the enemy had decided to fight by night, refrained from his march and drew up his force for battle.
§19.26.5τοῦ δὲ περὶ ταῦτα θορυβουμένου καὶ περὶ τοῦ μέλλοντος ἀγωνιῶντος ἔλαθον οἱ περὶ τὸν Εὐμενῆ προλαβόντες καὶ τὴν ὁδοιπορίαν ποιούμενοι κατὰ τάχος εἰς τὴν Γαβηνήν.
While he was occupied with these matters and anxious about what was to come, Eumenes and his men, without being noticed, got the start of him and made their march with speed toward Gabene.
ὁ δʼ Ἀντίγονος μέχρι μέν τινος ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις συνεῖχε τὴν δύναμιν, ὡς δὲ παρὰ τῶν κατασκόπων ἐπύθετο τὴν ἀποχώρησιν τῶν ἐναντίων, γνοὺς αὑτὸν κατεστρατηγημένον οὐδὲν ἧττον ἀντείχετο τῆς αὐτῆς προαιρέσεως.
Antigonus kept his force under arms for a certain time, but when he learned of the withdrawal of the enemy from his scouts, realizing that he had been outgeneraled, he nevertheless clung to the same purpose.
§19.26.6παραγγείλας οὖν τοῖς στρατιώταις ἀναζευγνύειν, προῆγε σύντονον τὴν πορείαν ποιούμενος καὶ διωγμῷ παραπλήσιον.
Therefore, having ordered his soldiers to strike camp, he led them forward, making his march rapid and very much like a pursuit.
προέχοντος δʼ Εὐμενοῦς δύο φυλακὰς ὁρῶν ὅτι καταλαβεῖν οὐ ῥᾴδιόν ἐστι τῇ δυνάμει πάσῃ τοὺς τοσοῦτο προειληφότας, ἐπενόησέ τι τοιοῦτο.
But since Eumenes was ahead by two watches, seeing that it was not easy for his whole army to overtake those who had gained such a head start, he devised something like this.
§19.26.7τὴν μὲν ἄλλην δύναμιν παραδοὺς Πίθωνι προσέταξε κατὰ σχολὴν ἀκολουθεῖν, αὐτὸς δὲ τοὺς ἱππεῖς ἀναλαβὼν ἤλαυνεν ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος καὶ περιλαβὼν ἅμʼ ἡμέρᾳ τὴν οὐραγίαν τῶν πολεμίων καταβαίνουσαν ἀπό τινος ἀκρολοφίας ἐπέστη ταῖς ἀκρωρείαις, φανερὸς ὢν τοῖς ἐναντίοις.
Entrusting the rest of his force to Pithon, he ordered him to follow at leisure, while he himself, taking his cavalry, rode at full speed, and having overtaken at daybreak the rear guard of the enemy as they were descending from a certain ridge, he stationed himself on the heights, making himself visible to the enemy.
§19.26.8οἱ δὲ περὶ τὸν Εὐμενῆ θεωρήσαντες ἐξ ἱκανοῦ διαστήματος τῶν πολεμίων ἱππεῖς καὶ δόξαντες εἶναι πλησίον ἅπασαν τὴν δύναμιν, τῆς μὲν πορείας ἐπέσχον, τὴν δὲ στρατιὰν διέτασσον, ὡς αὐτίκα τῆς παρατάξεως γενησομένης.
Eumenes and his men, seeing the enemy's cavalry from a considerable distance and thinking that their entire force was near, halted their march and drew up their army as though a pitched battle were about to take place immediately.
§19.26.9οἱ μὲν οὖν ἡγεμόνες ἀμφοτέρων τῶν στρατοπέδων τὸν προειρημένον τρόπον ἀλλήλους κατεστρατήγησαν, ὥσπερ προαγωνιζόμενοι περὶ συνέσεως καὶ δεικνύοντες ὅτι τὰς ἐλπίδας ἐν αὑτοῖς ἔχουσι τῆς νίκης.
Thus the commanders of both camps outgeneraled each other in the manner described, as if competing beforehand in intelligence and showing that they had their hopes of victory in themselves.
§19.26.10ὁ δʼ οὖν Ἀντίγονος διὰ ταύτης τῆς ἐπινοίας ἐκώλυσε μὲν τοὺς πολεμίους προάγειν εἰς τοὔμπροσθεν, αὑτῷ δὲ δοὺς ἄνεσιν εἰς τὸ προσδέξασθαι τὴν δύναμιν, ἐπειδὴ τὸ στρατόπεδον ἧκεν, ἅπαν ἐξέταξεν εἰς μάχην καὶ κατέβαινε συντεταγμένος ἐπὶ τοὺς πολεμίους καταπληκτικῶς.
In any case, Antigonus by this device prevented the enemy from advancing further, and having given himself a respite to wait for his army, when the camp arrived, he drew up the whole force for battle and marched down in good order against the enemy in an imposing manner.

Notes

  1. 19.26.5ἔλαθον ... προλαβόντες καὶ τὴν ὁδοιπορίαν ποιούμενοι — The construction of the verb λανθάνω (to escape notice) with nominative participles (προλαβόντες, ποιούμενοι). Syntactically, the verb functions adverbially: 'Eumenes and his men, without being noticed, got the start and made their march.'
  2. 19.26.7ἀπὸ ῥυτῆρος — An idiomatic expression meaning 'with loose rein,' used to describe riding a horse at full speed.
  3. 19.26.8ὡς αὐτίκα τῆς παρατάξεως γενησομένης — A genitive absolute construction introduced by the conjunction ὡς with the future participle γενησομένης, expressing a subjective expectation or belief: 'as if a battle array were about to be formed immediately.'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §19.26.1-19.26.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:19.26.1-19.26.10

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