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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §19.107.1-19.107.5

Agathocles's Seizure of Gela and Massacre of Citizens

Passage 184 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Agathocles, fearing a revolt in Gela due to Carthaginian superiority, introduced his troops by stealth, massacred thousands of citizens, confiscated their wealth, and prepared to confront the enemy.

§19.107.1Ἀγαθοκλῆς δὲ τὰς τῶν Καρχηδονίων δυνάμεις ὁρῶν ὑπερεχούσας τῶν ἑαυτοῦ διέλαβε τῶν τε φρουρίων οὐκ ὀλίγα μεταθήσεσθαι πρὸς τοὺς Φοίνικας καὶ τῶν πόλεων ὅσαι προσέκοπτον αὐτῷ.
Agathocles, seeing that the forces of the Carthaginians surpassed his own, assumed that not a few of the garrisons and of the cities that were at odds with him would change sides to the Phoenicians.
§19.107.2μάλιστα δʼ εὐλαβεῖτο περὶ τῆς τῶν Γελῴων, πυνθανόμενος ἐν τῇ τούτων χώρᾳ πάσας εἶναι τὰς τῶν πολεμίων δυνάμεις.
But he was especially wary about the city of the Gelaeans, hearing that all the forces of the enemy were in their territory.
ἐγένετο δʼ αὐτῷ περὶ τοῦτον τὸν χρόνον καὶ περὶ τὸν στόλον οὐ μικρὸν ἐλάσσωμα· τῶν γὰρ νεῶν εἴκοσιν ἐπὶ τὸν πορθμὸν ὑποχείριοι τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις κατέστησαν σὺν αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσιν.
At this time, a not small loss also occurred to him regarding his fleet; for twenty of his ships fell into the hands of the Carthaginians in the strait, along with the men themselves.
§19.107.3οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ κρίνας τὴν τῶν Γελῴων πόλιν ἀσφαλίσασθαι φρουρᾷ, φανερῶς οὐκ ἐτόλμα δύναμιν εἰσαγαγεῖν, ἵνα μὴ φθάσαι συμβῇ τοὺς Γελῴους προφάσεως δεομένους καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἀποβάλῃ μεγάλας ἀφορμὰς αὐτῷ παρεχομένην.
Nevertheless, although he decided to secure the city of the Gelaeans with a garrison, he did not dare to introduce a force openly, lest it should happen that the Gelaeans, needing a pretext, should forestall him and he should lose the city, which provided him with great resources.
§19.107.4ἀπέστειλεν οὖν κατʼ ὀλίγους τῶν στρατιωτῶν ὡς ἐπί τινας χρείας, ἕως ὅτου συνέβη τῷ πλήθει πολὺ προτερῆσαι τῶν πολιτικῶν.
Therefore, he sent his soldiers in small numbers, as if for certain services, until it happened that they far exceeded the citizens in number.
μετʼ ὀλίγον δὲ καὶ αὐτὸς παραγενόμενος προδοσίαν ἐνεκάλεσε καὶ μετάθεσιν τοῖς Γελῴοις, εἴτε καὶ κατʼ ἀλήθειαν αὐτῶν διανοηθέντων τι πρᾶξαι τοιοῦτον, εἴτε καὶ ψευδέσι διαβολαῖς φυγάδων πεισθεὶς ἢ καὶ χρημάτων βουλόμενος εὐπορῆσαι, καὶ ἀπέσφαξε τῶν Γελῴων πλείους τῶν τετρακισχιλίων καὶ τὰς οὐσίας αὐτῶν ἀνέλαβε.
After a little while, he arrived in person and accused the Gelaeans of treason and changing sides—whether because they actually intended to do something of the kind, or because he was persuaded by the false slanders of exiles, or even because he wished to obtain an abundance of money—and he massacred more than four thousand of the Gelaeans and confiscated their property.
προσέταξε δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις Γελῴοις πᾶσι τά τε νομίσματα καὶ τὸν ἄσημον ἄργυρόν τε καὶ χρυσὸν ἀνενεγκεῖν, διαπειλησάμενος τιμωρήσασθαι τοὺς ἀπειθήσαντας.
He also ordered all the remaining Gelaeans to bring in their coinage and uncoined silver and gold, threatening to punish those who disobeyed.
§19.107.5ταχὺ δὲ πάντων πραξάντων τὸ προσταχθὲν διὰ τὸν φόβον χρημάτων τε πλῆθος ἤθροισε καὶ πᾶσι τοῖς ταττομένοις ὑφʼ ἑαυτὸν δεινὴν ἐνεποίησε κατάπληξιν.
And since everyone quickly did what was ordered out of fear, he collected a great amount of money and inspired a terrible dread in all those subject to him.
δόξας δʼ ὠμότερον κεχρῆσθαι τοῦ καθήκοντος τοῖς Γελῴοις τοὺς μὲν ἀποσφαγέντας εἰς τὰς ἐκτὸς τῶν τειχῶν τάφρους συνέχωσεν, ἐν δὲ τῇ πόλει τὴν ἱκανὴν φρουρὰν ἀπολιπὼν ἀντεστρατοπέδευσε τοῖς πολεμίοις.
Having been thought to have treated the Gelaeans more cruelly than was fitting, he buried those who had been massacred in the trenches outside the walls, and leaving a sufficient garrison in the city, he encamped opposite the enemy.

Notes

  1. 19.107.2σὺν αὐτοῖς ἀνδράσιν — An idiomatic Greek construction consisting of σύν + dative + αὐτός (in agreement), meaning 'together with,' 'along with,' or 'including.' Here, it indicates that the twenty ships fell into Carthaginian hands 'along with their actual crews' or 'men and all.'
  2. 19.107.3ἵνα μὴ φθάσαι συμβῇ τοὺς Γελῴους προφάσεως δεομένους — The subjunctive verb συμβῇ (functioning impersonally as 'it happens that') takes the infinitive φθάσαι ('to forestall' or 'to anticipate') as its subject. The accusative τοὺς Γελῴους serves as the subject of this infinitive, with the participle δεομένους agreeing with it. The entire phrase forms a nested structure meaning 'lest it should happen that the Gelaeans, needing a pretext, should forestall him.'
  3. 19.107.4ἕως ὅτου συνέβη τῷ πλήθει πολὺ προτερῆσαι τῶν πολιτικῶν — A clause introduced by ἕως ὅτου ('until'). The impersonal verb συνέβη takes the infinitive προτερῆσαι ('to surpass' or 'to exceed') as its subject, with τῷ πλήθει acting as the dative of reference or logical subject. τῶν πολιτικῶν is a genitive of comparison governed by the comparative verb προτερῆσαι, establishing the structure: 'until it happened that [the soldiers] far exceeded the citizens in number.'
  4. 19.107.5δόξας δʼ ὠμότερον κεχρῆσθαι τοῦ καθήκοντος — The nominative participle δόξας (referring to Agathocles, meaning 'having been thought' or 'seeming') governs the perfect infinitive κεχρῆσθαι (from χράομαι, 'to treat' or 'to behave toward,' which takes the dative τοῖς Γελῴοις). This infinitive is modified by the comparative adverb ὠμότερον ('more cruelly'), which is followed by the genitive of comparison τοῦ καθήκοντος (the substantivized neuter participle meaning 'that which is fitting' or 'duty'). The phrase means 'having been thought to have treated [the Gelaeans] more cruelly than was fitting.'

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §19.107.1-19.107.5. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:19.107.1-19.107.5

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