Humanitext Reader

Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §19.102.1-19.102.8

Agathocles Secures Messene and Purges Opponents

Passage 179 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Agathocles sent forces to Messene to prevent Syracusan exiles from consolidating, compelled the city to expel them, and massacred his former opponents to secure control of Sicily. Afterwards, blocked by Carthaginian ships from taking Acragas, he plundered Carthaginian territory.

§19.102.1ἐν δὲ τῇ Σικελίᾳ τῆς εἰρήνης ἄρτι γεγενημένης Ἀγαθοκλεῖ πρὸς τοὺς Σικελιώτας πλὴν Μεσσηνίων οἱ μὲν φυγάδες τῶν Συρακοσίων ἠθροίσθησαν εἰς τὴν Μεσσήνην, ταύτην ὁρῶντες λοιπὴν οὖσαν τῶν ἀλλοτρίως ἐχουσῶν πρὸς τὸν δυνάστην,
In Sicily, when peace had just been made between Agathocles and the Siceliots, except for the Messenians, the exiles from Syracuse gathered at Messene, seeing that this was the only remaining city among those hostilely disposed toward the ruler.
§19.102.2ὁ δʼ Ἀγαθοκλῆς σπεύδων αὐτῶν καταλῦσαι τὸ σύστημα Πασίφιλον στρατηγὸν ἐξαπέστειλε μετὰ δυνάμεως εἰς τὴν Μεσσήνην, §19.102.3ἐντειλάμενος ἐν ἀπορρήτοις ἃ χρὴ πράττειν.
Agathocles, eager to dissolve their association, sent out Pasiphilus as general with a force to Messene, having instructed him in secret as to what he must do.
οὗτος δὲ ἀπροσδοκήτως ἐμβαλὼν εἰς τὴν χώραν καὶ πολλῶν αἰχμαλώτων καὶ τῆς ἄλλης λείας ἐγκρατὴς γενόμενος ἠξίου τοὺς Μεσσηνίους βούλεσθαι τὴν φιλίαν καὶ μὴ συναναγκάζεσθαι τοῖς πολεμιωτάτοις αὐτοῦ διαλύεσθαι.
And he, having unexpectedly invaded the territory and having got into his power many captives and the rest of the booty, demanded of the Messenians that they should choose friendship and not be forced to share the ruin of his worst enemies.
§19.102.4οἱ δὲ Μεσσήνιοι λαβόντες ἐλπίδας τοῦ χωρὶς κινδύνων ἀπολυθήσεσθαι τοῦ πολέμου τούς τε φυγάδας τοὺς ἐκ Συρακουσσῶν ἐξέβαλον καὶ τὸν Ἀγαθοκλέα παραγενόμενον μετὰ δυνάμεως προσεδέξαντο.
The Messenians, conceiving hopes of being delivered from the war without danger, expelled the exiles from Syracuse and received Agathocles when he arrived with a force.
§19.102.5ὁ δὲ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον φιλανθρώπως αὐτοῖς προσεφέρετο καὶ τοὺς φυγάδας ἔπεισεν καταδέξασθαι τοὺς συ στρατευομένους μὲν αὐτῷ, πεφυγαδευμένους δὲ νόμῳ ὑπὸ τῶν Μεσσηνίων.
At first he behaved kindly toward them and persuaded them to receive back the exiles who, though serving in his army, had been legally banished by the Messenians.
§19.102.6μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τοὺς ἐναντιουμένους ἐν τοῖς ἔμπροσθεν χρόνοις τῇ δυναστείᾳ μεταπεμψάμενος ἔκ τε Ταυρομενίου καὶ τῆς Μεσσήνης ἅπαντας ἀπέσφαξεν, οὐκ ἐλάττους ὄντας ἑξακοσίων·
But after this, summoning those who had opposed his rule in former times both from Tauromenium and from Messene, he slaughtered them all, being no fewer than six hundred.
§19.102.7διανοούμενος γὰρ πόλεμον ἐκφέρειν τοῖς Καρχηδονίοις πᾶν τὸ διακείμενον ἀλλοτρίως κατὰ τὴν Σικελίαν ἐκ ποδῶν ἐποιεῖτο.
For since he intended to wage war against the Carthaginians, he was putting out of the way everything hostilely disposed in Sicily.
οἱ δὲ Μεσσήνιοι τῶν ξένων τοὺς εὐνουστάτους αὐτοῖς καὶ δυναμένους ἀμύνασθαι τὸν τύραννον ἐκβεβληκότες ἐκ τῆς πόλεως καὶ τῶν πολιτῶν τοὺς ἀλλοτρίως ἔχοντας πρὸς τὸν δυνάστην ὁρῶντες ἀνῃρημένους, ἔτι δὲ τοὺς ἐπὶ κακουργίᾳ καταδεδικασμένους ἠναγκασμένοι καταδέξασθαι μετεμέλοντο μὲν ἐπὶ τοῖς πεπραγμένοις, ἠναγκάζοντο δὲ καρτερεῖν, καταπεπληγμένοι τὴν ὑπεροχὴν τῶν κρατούντων.
The Messenians, having expelled from the city those of the foreigners who were most well-disposed toward them and able to defend them against the tyrant, and seeing those of the citizens who were hostile toward the ruler destroyed, and furthermore having been forced to receive back those who had been condemned for villainy, repented of what they had done, but they were forced to submit, being terrified by the supremacy of those in power.
§19.102.8ὁ δʼ Ἀγαθοκλῆς τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἀνέζευξεν ἐπʼ Ἀκράγαντος, διανοούμενος καὶ ταύτην τὴν πόλιν συσκευάσασθαι· τῶν δὲ Καρχηδονίων καταπλευσάντων ναυσὶν ἑξήκοντα ταύτης μὲν τῆς προθέσεως ἀπέστη, τὴν δὲ χώραν τὴν ὑπὸ Καρχηδονίους ἐπιὼν ἐλεηλάτει καὶ τῶν φρουρίων ἃ μὲν ᾕρει κατὰ κράτος, ἃ δὲ διʼ ὁμολογίας προσήγετο.
Agathocles at first set out for Acragas, intending to gain control of this city also; but when the Carthaginians sailed in with sixty ships, he abandoned this purpose, and invading the territory under the Carthaginians, he plundered it, and of the fortresses, some he took by storm and others he brought over by treaty.

Notes

  1. 19.102.1τῆς εἰρήνης ἄρτι γεγενημένης Ἀγαθοκλεῖ πρὸς τοὺς Σικελιώτας πλὴν Μεσσηνίων — Genitive absolute construction. The subject is τῆς εἰρήνης and the participle is γεγενημένης. It describes the background situation where peace had just been made between Agathocles (dative Ἀγαθοκλεῖ) and the Siceliots except the Messenians.
  2. 19.102.3μὴ συναναγκάζεσθαι τοῖς πολεμιωτάτοις αὐτοῦ διαλύεσθαι — The subject of the infinitive συναναγκάζεσθαι is τοὺς Μεσσηνίους (accusative), depending on ἠξίου (demanded). The passive infinitive διαλύεσθαι depends on it as a complement, meaning 'not to be forced to share the ruin of (literally, to be dissolved along with) his worst enemies.'
  3. 19.102.5τοὺς συστρατευομένους μὲν αὐτῷ, πεφυγαδευμένους δὲ νόμῳ ὑπὸ τῶν Μεσσηνίων — Two participles (present participle συστρατευομένους and perfect passive participle πεφυγαδευμένους) modifying τοὺς φυγάδας are contrasted by μέν... δέ, explaining that these exiles were currently serving with Agathocles but had been legally banished by the Messenians.
  4. 19.102.7τῶν ξένων τοὺς εὐνουστάτους αὐτοῖς... ἐκβεβληκότες... καὶ τῶν πολιτῶν τοὺς ἀλλοτρίως έχοντας... ὁρῶντες ἀνῃρημένους — A dual structure showing the causes of the Messenians' regret: first, they had 'expelled' (ἐκβεβληκότες) the foreigners who were most well-disposed to them; second, they 'saw' (ὁρῶντες) the citizens hostile to the ruler 'having been destroyed' (the perfect passive participle ἀνῃρημένους functions as a predicative participle with ὁρῶντες). These participial clauses lead up to the main verb μετεμέλοντο (repented).

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §19.102.1-19.102.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:19.102.1-19.102.8

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.