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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §18.72.1-18.72.9

Cleitus's Naval Victory and His Defeat by Antigonus

Passage 73 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Polyperchon leaves a portion of his army at the siege of Megalopolis and dispatches Cleitus with the fleet. Despite Cleitus's initial naval victory, Antigonus launches a surprise night counter-attack and, together with Nicanor, utterly destroys Cleitus's fleet, leading to Cleitus's flight and death.

§18.72.1μετὰ δὲ τὴν εὐημερίαν ταύτην οἱ μὲν Μεγαλοπολῖται ταῖς ψυχαῖς ἐθάρρησαν, ὁ δὲ Πολυπέρχων μετανοηθεὶς ἐπὶ τῇ πολιορκίᾳ καὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἐπιμένειν οὐ δυνάμενος ἐπὶ μὲν τῆς πολιορκίας ἀπέλιπε μέρος τῆς δυνάμεως, αὐτὸς δʼ ἐφʼ ἑτέρας ἀναγκαιοτέρας πράξεις ἐτρέπετο.
After this success, the Megalopolitans took courage in their spirits, while Polyperchon, having changed his mind concerning the siege and being unable to remain for a long time, left a portion of his force at the siege, and himself turned to other more urgent affairs.
§18.72.2καὶ Κλεῖτον μὲν τὸν ναύαρχον μετὰ τοῦ στόλου παντὸς ἐξέπεμψε, προστάξας ἐφεδρεύειν τοῖς περὶ τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον τόποις καὶ κωλύειν τὰς ἐκ τῆς Ἀσίας διαβιβαζομένας δυνάμεις εἰς τὴν Εὐρώπην, προσλαβέσθαι δὲ καὶ Ἀρριδαῖον τὸν συμπεφευγότα μὲν μετὰ τῶν στρατιωτῶν εἰς τὴν τῶν Κιανῶν πόλιν, ἐχθρὸν δʼ ὄντα τοῖς περὶ Ἀντίγονον.
And he sent out Cleitus the admiral with the whole fleet, ordering him to lie in wait in the regions about the Hellespont and to prevent the forces being transported from Asia into Europe, and to associate with himself also Arrhidaeus, who had fled with his soldiers into the city of the Ciani and was hostile to those around Antigonus.
§18.72.3τούτου δὲ πλεύσαντος ἐπὶ τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον καὶ προσαγαγομένου τὰς ἐν τῇ Προποντίδι πόλεις, ἔτι δὲ προσδεξαμένου τὴν μετʼ Ἀρριδαίου δύναμιν κατέπλευσεν εἰς τοὺς τόπους ἐκείνους Νικάνωρ ὁ τῆς Μουνυχίας φρούραρχος, ἐξαπεσταλμένος ὑπὸ Κασάνδρου μετὰ παντὸς τοῦ στόλου· προσελάβετο δὲ καὶ τὰς παρʼ Ἀντιγόνου ναῦς, ὥστε τὰς πάσας ἔχειν πλείους τῶν ἑκατόν.
When he had sailed to the Hellespont and had brought over the cities in the Propontis, and had also received the force with Arrhidaeus, Nicanor, the commander of the garrison of Munychia, arrived in those regions, having been sent out by Cassander with the whole fleet; and he also took in addition the ships from Antigonus so as to have in all more than a hundred.
§18.72.4γενομένης δὲ ναυμαχίας οὐ μακρὰν τῆς τῶν Βυζαντίων πόλεως ἐνίκα ὁ Κλεῖτος καὶ κατέδυσε μὲν τῶν ἐναντίων ναῦς ἑπτακαίδεκα, εἷλε δὲ σὺν αὐτοῖς τοῖς ἀνδράσιν οὐκ ἐλάττω τῶν τεσσαράκοντα· αἱ δὲ λοιπαὶ κατέφυγον εἰς τὸν τῶν Χαλκηδονίων λιμένα.
When a naval battle took place not far from the city of the Byzantines, Cleitus was victorious and sank seventeen of the enemy's ships, and captured, together with their men, not fewer than forty; and the rest fled for refuge into the harbor of the Chalcedonians.
§18.72.5τοιαύτης δʼ εὐημερίας γενομένης τοῖς περὶ τὸν Κλεῖτον οὗτος μὲν ὑπέλαβε μηκέτι τολμήσειν τοὺς πολεμίους ναυμαχήσειν διὰ τὸ μέγεθος τῆς ἥττης, ὁ δʼ Ἀντίγονος πυθόμενος τὰ περὶ τὸν στόλον ἐλαττώματα παραδόξως διὰ τῆς ἰδίας ἀγχινοίας καὶ στρατηγίας ἀνεμαχέσατο τὸ γεγονὸς ἐλάττωμα.
Since such a success had come to Cleitus and his men, he indeed supposed that the enemy would no longer dare to fight a naval battle because of the magnitude of the defeat, but Antigonus, having learned of the disasters concerning the fleet, unexpectedly retrieved the defeat which had occurred through his own quick-wittedness and generalship.
§18.72.6παρὰ γὰρ Βυζαντίων μεταπεμψάμενος νυκτὸς ναῦς ὑπηρετικὰς ταύταις μὲν διεβίβαζεν εἰς τὸ πέραν τοξότας τε καὶ σφενδονήτας καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν ψιλικῶν ταγμάτων τοὺς ἱκανούς.
For having summoned from the Byzantines by night auxiliary vessels, by means of these he transported to the opposite shore both archers and slingers and those who were competent of the other light-armed units.
οὗτοι δὲ πρὸ ἡμέρας ἐπιθέμενοι τοῖς ἐκ τῶν πολεμίων νεῶν ἀποβεβῃκόσιν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ πεζῇ κατεστρατοπεδευκόσι κατεπλήξαντο τοὺς περὶ τὸν Κλεῖτον.
And these, having attacked before daybreak those who had disembarked from the enemy's ships onto the land and were encamped on land, threw Cleitus and his men into consternation.
ταχὺ δὲ πάντων διὰ τὸν φόβον τεταραγμένων καὶ εἰς τὰς ναῦς ἐμπηδώντων πολὺς ἐγένετο θόρυβος διά τε τὰς ἀποσκευὰς καὶ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν αἰχμαλώτων.
Since everyone was quickly thrown into confusion because of fear and was leaping into the ships, a great tumult arose both because of the baggage and the multitude of the prisoners.
§18.72.7ἐν τοσούτῳ δὲ Ἀντίγονος ἐξαρτύσας τὰς μακρὰς ναῦς καὶ τῶν ἀλκιμωτάτων πεζῶν πολλοὺς ἐπιβάτας ἐπιστήσας ἀπέστειλε, παρακαλέσας τεθαρρηκότως ἐπιθέσθαι τοῖς πολεμίοις, ὡς πάντως καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς ἐσομένου τοῦ νικήματος.
Meanwhile Antigonus, having fitted out the warships and having stationed many of the strongest infantry as marines, sent them out, having exhorted them to attack the enemy boldly, thinking that the victory would be completely in their own hands.
§18.72.8τοῦ δὲ Νικάνορος νυκτὸς ἀναχθέντος καὶ διαφωσκούσης τῆς ἡμέρας οὗτοι μὲν ἐπιπεσόντες ἄφνω τοῖς πολεμίοις τεθορυβημένοις εὐθὺς κατὰ τὸν πρῶτον ἐπίπλουν ἐτρέψαντο καὶ τὰς μὲν τοῖς ἐμβόλοις τύπτοντες ἀνέρρηττον, ὧν δὲ τοὺς ταρσοὺς παρέσυρον, ὧν δὲ αὐτάνδρων παραδιδομένων ἀκινδύνως ἐκυρίευον· τέλος δὲ πλὴν μιᾶς τῆς ναυαρχίδος τῶν λοιπῶν πασῶν αὐτάνδρων ἐκυρίευσαν.
When Nicanor had put to sea by night and as day was dawning, these indeed fell suddenly upon the confused enemy and immediately routed them at the first onset; and some ships they ripped open by striking them with the rams, of others they swept away the oars, and of others they took possession without danger as they surrendered with all their men; and finally, except for one, the flagship, they took possession of all the rest with all their men.
§18.72.9ὁ δὲ Κλεῖτος φυγὼν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν καὶ καταλιπὼν τὴν ναῦν ἐπεβάλετο μὲν διὰ Μακεδονίας ἀνασώζεσθαι, περιπεσὼν δὲ στρατιώταις τισὶ τοῦ Λυσιμάχου διεφθάρη.
Cleitus, having fled to the land and having abandoned his ship, attempted indeed to escape through Macedonia, but having fallen in with some soldiers of Lysimachus, he was killed.

Notes

  1. 18.72.2προσλαβέσθαι — This aorist middle infinitive functions as an object clause depending on the preceding participle `προστάξας` ("having ordered"), connected by `δὲ` with the previous infinitives `ἐφεδρεύειν` and `κωλύειν`. Its subject is Cleitus, represented by the accusative `Κλεῖτον` in the main clause.
  2. 18.72.7ὡς πάντως καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς ἐσομένου τοῦ νικήματος — The particle `ὡς`, indicating subjective belief or conviction, introduces a genitive absolute construction with the future participle `ἐσομένου` (`ἐσομένου τοῦ νικήματος`). Combined with `καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς` ("depending on themselves" or "in their hands"), it expresses the strong conviction that victory would entirely belong to them.
  3. 18.72.8ὧν δὲ — Part of the contrastive sequence starting with `τὰς μὲν` ("some ships indeed..."). The genitive relative pronoun `ὧν` functions as a partitive genitive ("of which / of others"), structuring the sequential actions: "some they rammed, of others they sheared the oars, and others they captured along with their crews."

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §18.72.1-18.72.9. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:18.72.1-18.72.9

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