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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §18.56.1-18.56.8

Text of Polyperchon's Decree on Greek Freedom

Passage 57 of 301 · Greek

Summary

The text of the royal decree issued by Polyperchon and the kings, which ordains the freedom and democracy of Greek cities, the repatriation of exiles, and severe punishments for violators.

§18.56.1“ἐπειδὴ συμβέβηκε τοῖς προγόνοις ἡμῶν πολλὰ τοὺς Ἕλληνας εὐεργετηκέναι, βουλόμεθα διαφυλάττειν τὴν ἐκείνων προαίρεσιν καὶ πᾶσι φανερὰν ποιῆσαι τὴν ἡμετέραν εὔνοιαν ἣν ἔχοντες διατελοῦμεν πρὸς τοὺς Ἕλληνας.
"Since it has happened that our ancestors have done many favors for the Greeks, we wish to preserve their policy and make clear to all our goodwill, which we constantly maintain toward the Greeks.
§18.56.2πρότερον μὲν οὖν Ἀλεξάνδρου μεταλλάξαντος ἐξ ἀνθρώπων καὶ τῆς βασιλείας εἰς ἡμᾶς καθηκούσης, ἡγούμενοι δεῖν ἐπαναγαγεῖν πάντας ἐπὶ τὴν εἰρήνην καὶ τὰς πολιτείας ἃς Φίλιππος ὁ ἡμέτερος πατὴρ κατέστησεν, ἐπεστείλαμεν εἰς ἁπάσας τὰς πόλεις περὶ τούτων.
Previously, therefore, when Alexander departed from among men and the kingship descended to us, believing that we must lead everyone back to the peace and the constitutions which Philip our father established, we wrote to all the cities concerning these matters.
§18.56.3ἐπεὶ δὲ συνέβη, μακρὰν ἀπόντων ἡμῶν, τῶν Ἑλλήνων τινὰς μὴ ὀρθῶς γινώσκοντας πόλεμον ἐξενεγκεῖν πρὸς Μακεδόνας καὶ κρατηθῆναι ὑπὸ τῶν ἡμετέρων στρατηγῶν καὶ πολλὰ καὶ δυσχερῆ ταῖς πόλεσι συμβῆναι, τούτων μὲν τοὺς στρατηγοὺς αἰτίους ὑπολάβετε γεγενῆσθαι, ἡμεῖς δὲ τιμῶντες τὴν ἐξ ἀρχῆς προαίρεσιν κατασκευάζομεν ὑμῖν εἰρήνην, πολιτείας δὲ τὰς ἐπὶ Φιλίππου καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ τἄλλα πράττειν κατὰ τὰ διαγράμματα τὰ πρότερον ὑπʼ ἐκείνων γραφέντα.
But since it happened, while we were far away, that some of the Greeks, not judging rightly, waged war against the Macedonians and were defeated by our generals, and many difficult things befell the cities, consider that the generals have been responsible for these things; but we, honoring our original policy, establish peace for you, and [grant] the constitutions of the time of Philip and Alexander, and that other things be done according to the decrees previously written by them.
§18.56.4καὶ τοὺς μεταστάντας ἢ φυγόντας ὑπὸ τῶν ἡμετέρων στρατηγῶν ἐκ τῶν πόλεων ἀφʼ ὧν χρόνων Ἀλέξανδρος εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν διέβη κατάγομεν· καὶ τοὺς ὑφʼ ἡμῶν κατελθόντας πάντα τὰ αὑτῶν ἔχοντας καὶ ἀστασιάστους καὶ ἀμνησικακουμένους ἐν ταῖς ἑαυτῶν πατρίσι πολιτεύεσθαι· καὶ εἴ τι κατὰ τούτων ἐψήφιστο, ἄκυρον ἔστω, πλὴν εἴ τινες ἐφʼ αἵματι ἢ ἀσεβείᾳ κατὰ νόμον πεφεύγασι.
And those who were removed or banished from the cities by our generals, from the times when Alexander crossed over into Asia, we restore; and [we decree] that those who return through us, possessing all their own property, and being free from faction and receiving amnesty, shall live as citizens in their own native lands; and if any decree has been passed against these men, let it be invalid, except if any have fled in accordance with the law for murder or impiety.
§18.56.5μὴ κατιέναι δὲ μηδὲ Μεγαλοπολιτῶν τοὺς μετὰ Πολυαινέτου ἐπὶ προδοσίᾳ φεύγοντας μηδʼ Ἀμφισσεῖς μηδὲ Τρικκαίους μηδὲ Φαρκαδωνίους μηδὲ Ἡρακλεώτας· τοὺς δʼ ἄλλους καταδεχέσθωσαν πρὸ τῆς τριακάδος τοῦ ξανθικοῦ μηνός.
And those of the Megalopolitans who are in exile with Polyaenetus for treason shall not return, nor the Amphissians, nor the Triccaeans, nor the Pharcadonians, nor the Heracleots; and let them receive the others back before the thirtieth of the month Xanthicus.
§18.56.6εἰ δέ τινα τῶν πολιτευμάτων Φίλιππος ἢ Ἀλέξανδρος ἀπέδειξαν ἑαυτοῖς ὑπεναντία, παραγινέσθωσαν πρὸς ἡμᾶς, ἵνα διορθωσάμενοι τὰ συμφέροντα καὶ ἡμῖν καὶ ταῖς πόλεσι πράττωσιν.
And if Philip or Alexander declared any of the forms of government to be contrary to themselves, let them come before us, so that, having corrected them, they may act in ways that are advantageous both to us and to the cities.
Ἀθηναίοις δʼ εἶναι τὰ μὲν ἄλλα καθάπερ ἐπὶ Φιλίππου καὶ Ἀλεξάνδρου, Ὠρωπὸν δὲ Ὠρωπίους ἔχειν καθάπερ νῦν.
And for the Athenians, let other things be as in the time of Philip and Alexander, but Oropus let the Oropians hold just as now.
§18.56.7Σάμον δὲ δίδομεν Ἀθηναίοις, ἐπειδὴ καὶ Φίλιππος ἔδωκεν ὁ πατήρ.
And Samos we give to the Athenians, since Philip our father also gave it.
ποιήσασθαι δὲ δόγμα πάντας τοὺς Ἕλληνας μηδένα μήτε στρατεύειν μήτε πράττειν ὑπεναντία ἡμῖν· εἰ δὲ μή, φεύγειν αὐτὸν καὶ γενεὰν καὶ τῶν ὄντων στέρεσθαι.
And let all the Greeks make a decree that no one shall either campaign or act contrary to us; otherwise, let him be exiled, both himself and his offspring, and be deprived of his property.
προστετάχαμεν δὲ καὶ περὶ τούτων καὶ τῶν λοιπῶν Πολυπέρχοντι πραγματεύεσθαι.
And we have ordered Polyperchon to manage both these and the remaining matters.
§18.56.8ὑμεῖς οὖν, καθάπερ ὑμῖν καὶ πρότερον ἐγράψαμεν, ἀκούετε τούτου· τοῖς γὰρ μὴ ποιοῦσί τι τῶν γεγραμμένων οὐκ ἐπιτρέψομεν. ”
You, therefore, as we wrote to you before, obey him; for we will not permit those who do not do any of the things written."

Notes

  1. §18.56.3πράττειν — Infinitive of command. A command expression characteristic of decrees and laws, meaning 'shall do/be done.' The subject is not explicitly stated as an accusative, but in context it refers to the Greek cities or the citizens.
  2. §18.56.4ἀφʼ ὧν χρόνων — A structure where the antecedent is attracted or incorporated into the relative clause (attraction/incorporation). It originally means ἀπὸ τῶν χρόνων ἐξ ὧν (since the times when), but the antecedent χρόνων is drawn into the relative clause, taking the case of the relative pronoun ὧν.
  3. §18.56.6ἀπέδειξαν ἑαυτοῖς ὑπεναντία — The verb ἀποδείκνυμι (to point out, declare, designate) is combined with the dative ἑαυτοῖς (to themselves) and the adjective ὑπεναντία (contrary, hostile). It means 'designated as contrary/hostile to themselves'.
  4. §18.56.7ποιήσασθαι δὲ δόγμα πάντας τοὺς Ἕλληνας — The accusative πάντας τοὺς Ἕλληνας (all the Greeks) serves as the subject of the infinitive of command ποιήσασθαι, meaning 'let all the Greeks make a decree'. The content of the decree is expressed by the subsequent accusative-and-infinitive clause starting with μηδένα... στρατεύειν...

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §18.56.1-18.56.8. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:18.56.1-18.56.8

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