§18.5.1ἡμεῖς δὲ πρὸς τὰς μελλούσας ἱστορεῖσθαι πράξεις οἰκεῖον εἶναι νομίζομεν ἐκθεῖναι πρότερον τάς τε αἰτίας τῆς ἀποστάσεως καὶ τῆς ὅλης Ἀσίας τὴν θέσιν καὶ τῶν σατραπειῶν τὰ μεγέθη καὶ τὰς ἰδιότητας.
We consider it appropriate, prior to the events about to be narrated, to set forth first both the causes of the revolt and the position of the whole of Asia, as well as the sizes and characteristics of the satrapies.
οὕτως γὰρ μάλιστα εὐπαρακολούθητος τοῖς ἀναγινώσκουσιν ἡ διήγησις ἔσται, πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν τεθείσης τῆς ὅλης τοποθεσίας καὶ τῶν διαστημάτων.
For in this way the narrative will be most easy for readers to follow, when the whole topography and the distances have been placed before their eyes.
§18.5.2ἀπὸ τοίνυν τοῦ κατὰ Κιλικίαν Ταύρου συνεχὲς ὄρος διʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἀσίας διήκει μέχρι τοῦ Καυκάσου καὶ τοῦ πρὸς ἀνατολὰς Ὠκεανοῦ· τοῦτο δὲ παντοδαποῖς ἀναστήμασι λόφων διειλημμένον ἰδίας καθʼ ἕκαστον ἔχει προσηγορίας.
Now, from the Taurus in Cilicia, a continuous mountain range extends through the whole of Asia as far as the Caucasus and the Ocean to the east; and this range, being divided by hills of all kinds of heights, has its own appellations in each part.
§18.5.3τοῦτον δὲ τὸν τρόπον εἰς δύο μέρη διαιρουμένης τῆς Ἀσίας τὸ μὲν πρὸς τὰς ἄρκτους αὐτῆς νένευκεν, τὸ δὲ πρὸς τὴν μεσημβρίαν.
With Asia being divided into two parts in this manner, one part of it inclines toward the north, and the other toward the south.
ἀκολούθως δὲ τούτοις τοῖς κλίμασι τῶν ποταμῶν τὰς ῥύσεις ἐχόντων ἀντιπροσώπους οἱ μὲν εἰς τὴν Κασπίαν θάλατταν, οἱ δὲ εἰς τὸν Εὔξεινον Πόντον, ἔνιοι δὲ εἰς τὸν ὑπὸ τὰς ἄρκτους Ὠκεανὸν ἐξερεύγονται.
In accordance with these inclinations, with the rivers having their courses in opposite directions, some empty into the Caspian Sea, some into the Euxine Pontus, and some into the Ocean under the north.
οἱ δʼ ἀντικείμενοι τούτοις οἱ μὲν εἰς τὸν κατὰ τὴν Ἰνδικήν, οἱ δʼ ἐπὶ τὸν συνεχῆ τῆς ἠπείρου ταύτης κείμενον Ὠκεανὸν ἐκβάλλουσιν, ἔνιοι δʼ εἰς τὴν καλουμένην Ἐρυθρὰν θάλατταν καταφέρονται.
And of those opposite to these, some flow into the sea along India, some into the Ocean lying adjacent to this continent, and some flow down into the so-called Erythraean Sea.
§18.5.4ὁμοίως δὲ τούτοις διειλημμένων τῶν σατραπειῶν αἱ μὲν ἐπὶ τὴν ἄρκτον, αἱ δʼ ἐπὶ τὴν μεσημβρίαν ἔχουσι τὰς κλίσεις.
In like manner to these, with the satrapies being divided, some have their inclinations toward the north, and others toward the south.
καὶ πρώτη μὲν τῶν πρὸς τὴν ἄρκτον ἐστραμμένων κεῖται παρὰ τὸν Τάναϊν ποταμὸν Σογδιανὴ καὶ Βακτριανὴ καὶ τούτων ἐχομένη Ἀρία καὶ Παρθυαία καὶ Ὑρκανία, διʼ ἧς συμβαίνει περιέχεσθαι τὴν Ὑρκανίαν θάλατταν, οὖσαν καθʼ αὑτήν·
And the first of those turned toward the north lies along the Tanais River, Sogdiana and Bactriana, and next to these Aria, Parthyaea, and Hyrcania, through which it happens that the Hyrcanian Sea, being self-contained, is enclosed.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Μηδία, πολλὰς μὲν ἔχουσα τόπων προσηγορίας, μεγίστη δʼ οὖσα πασῶν τῶν σατραπειῶν·
After these is Media, which has many regional names and is the greatest of all the satrapies.
ἑξῆς δʼ Ἀρμενία καὶ Λυκαονία καὶ Καππαδοκία, πᾶσαι τὸν ἀέρα δυσχείμερον ἔχουσαι·
Next are Armenia, Lycaonia, and Cappadocia, all having a climate very cold in winter.
ταύταις δὲ συνορίζουσαι κατʼ εὐθεῖαν μὲν ἥ τε μεγάλη Φρυγία καὶ ἡ ἐφʼ Ἑλλησπόντῳ κειμένη, ἐκ δὲ τῶν πλαγίων Λυδία καὶ Καρία, ὑπερδέξιος δὲ τῆς Φρυγίας καὶ παράλληλος ἡ Πισιδικὴ καὶ ταύτης ἐχομένη Λυκία.
Bordering directly on these is Greater Phrygia and the one situated on the Hellespont, and on the sides Lydia and Caria, and above Phrygia and parallel to it is Pisidice, and next to this Lycia.
§18.5.5ἐν δὲ τοῖς παρὰ θάλασσαν τόποις τούτων τῶν σατραπειῶν αἱ τῶν Ἑλλήνων πόλεις καθίδρυνται, ὧν τὰς προσηγορίας γράφειν οὐκ ἀναγκαῖον πρὸς τὴν ὑποκειμένην ὑπόθεσιν.
And in the coastal regions of these satrapies, the cities of the Greeks are established, whose names it is not necessary to write down for the underlying subject.
αἱ μὲν οὖν πρὸς τὴν ἄρκτον ἐστραμμέναι σατραπεῖαι τὸν εἰρημένον τρόπον καθίδρυνται.
Now, the satrapies turned toward the north are situated in the aforementioned manner.