Humanitext Reader

Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §18.13.1-18.13.6

The Siege of Lamia and the Death of Leosthenes

Passage 14 of 301 · Greek

Summary

Leosthenes abandons his direct assault on Lamia in favor of a blockade, but is killed by a stone to the head during a skirmish at the trenches. In Athens, Hyperides is appointed to deliver the funeral oration, and Antiphilus is chosen to succeed Leosthenes.

§18.13.1Λεωσθένης δὲ μετὰ πάσης τῆς δυνάμεως παρελθὼν πλησίον τῆς Λαμίας καὶ τὴν παρεμβολὴν ὀχυρωσάμενος τάφρῳ βαθείᾳ καὶ χάρακι τὸ μὲν πρῶτον ἐκτάξας τὴν δύναμιν προσῆγε τῇ πόλει καὶ τοὺς Μακεδόνας εἰς μάχην προυκαλεῖτο.
Leosthenes, coming near Lamia with all his force and fortifying his camp with a deep ditch and a palisade, at first drew up his army, advanced against the city, and challenged the Macedonians to battle.
μὴ τολμώντων δὲ αὐτῶν διαγωνίσασθαι προσβολὰς καθʼ ἡμέραν τοῖς τείχεσιν ἐκ διαδοχῆς ἐποιεῖτο.
Since they did not dare to fight it out, he made assaults on the walls day by day in succession.
§18.13.2ἀμυνομένων δὲ τῶν Μακεδόνων εὐρώστως πολλοὶ τῶν προπετῶς βιαζομένων Ἑλλήνων ἀπώλλυντο· δυνάμεως γὰρ ἀξιολόγου κατὰ τὴν πόλιν οὔσης καὶ βελῶν παντοδαπῶν ἀφθονίας, ἔτι δὲ τείχους πολυτελοῦς κατεσκευασμένου ῥᾳδίως οἱ πολιορκούμενοι περιεγίνοντο.
As the Macedonians defended themselves vigorously, many of the Greeks who pressed the assault recklessly were killed; for since there was a considerable force in the city and an abundance of missiles of every kind, and moreover a strong wall had been built, the besieged easily got the upper hand.
§18.13.3ὁ δὲ Λεωσθένης ἀπογνοὺς τὴν ἐκ βίας ἅλωσιν τῆς πόλεως τὰς ἀγομένας εἰς ταύτην ἀγορὰς παρῃρεῖτο, νομίζων ῥᾳδίως τῇ σιτοδείᾳ καταπολεμήσειν τοὺς ἐγκεκλεισμένους ἐν τῇ πόλει.
Leosthenes, despairing of taking the city by storm, cut off the supplies being brought into it, believing that he would easily subdue the men shut up in the city by famine.
κατεσκεύαζε δὲ καὶ τεῖχος καὶ τάφρον ὤρυττεν μεγάλην καὶ βαθεῖαν, εἴργων τοὺς πολιορκουμένους ἀπὸ τῆς ἐξόδου.
He also built a wall and dug a large, deep ditch, preventing the besieged from making any sorties.
§18.13.4μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Αἰτωλοὶ μὲν ἀξιώσαντες τὸν Λεωσθένην διά τινας ἐθνικὰς χρείας κατὰ τὸ παρὸν ἀπελθεῖν ἐπʼ οἴκου πάντες ἐπανῆλθον εἰς τὴν Αἰτωλίαν·
After this, the Aetolians, having requested Leosthenes that they might return home for the present because of certain national affairs, all went back to Aetolia.
οὕτως δὲ τῶν περὶ Ἀντίπατρον καταπονηθέντων καὶ τῆς πόλεως κινδυνευούσης ἁλῶναι διὰ τὴν προσδοκωμένην σιτοδείαν ἡ τύχη τι παράδοξον ἀπένειμε τοῖς Μακεδόσιν εὐκλήρημα.
Although Antipater and his men were thus hard pressed and the city was in danger of being taken because of the expected famine, fortune granted the Macedonians an unexpected piece of good luck.
§18.13.5τοῦ γὰρ Ἀντιπάτρου τοῖς τὰς τάφρους ὀρύττουσιν ἐπιθεμένου καὶ συμπλοκῆς γενομένης ὁ Λεωσθένης παραβοηθῶν τοῖς ἰδίοις καὶ πληγεὶς εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν λίθῳ παραχρῆμα μὲν ἔπεσεν καὶ λιποψυχήσας εἰς τὴν παρεμβολὴν ἀπεκομίσθη, τῇ τρίτῃ δʼ ἡμέρᾳ τελευτήσαντος αὐτοῦ καὶ ταφέντος ἡρωικῶς διὰ τὴν ἐν τῷ πολέμῳ δόξαν ὁ μὲν δῆμος τῶν Ἀθηναίων τὸν ἐπιτάφιον ἔπαινον εἰπεῖν προσέταξεν Ὑπερείδῃ τῷ πρωτεύοντι τῶν ῥητόρων τῇ τοῦ λόγου δεινότητι καὶ τῇ κατὰ τῶν Μακεδόνων ἀλλοτριότητι·
For when Antipater attacked those who were digging the ditches and a skirmish ensued, Leosthenes, coming to the aid of his men, was struck on the head by a stone and fell immediately, and being knocked unconscious, was carried back to the camp. On the third day he died, and when he had been buried in heroic fashion because of his glory in the war, the Athenian people ordered the funeral oration to be spoken by Hyperides, who was the foremost of the orators in the power of his speech and in his hostility toward the Macedonians.
§18.13.6κατʼ ἐκεῖνον γὰρ τὸν καιρὸν ὁ μὲν κορυφαῖος τῶν Ἀθήνησι ῥητόρων Δημοσθένης ἐπεφεύγει, καταδεδικασμένος ὡς εἰληφὼς τῶν Ἁρπαλείων χρημάτων.
For at that time, Demosthenes, the chief of the orators in Athens, had fled into exile, having been condemned on the charge of having taken Harpalus' money.
ἀντὶ δὲ τοῦ Λεωσθένους κατεστάθη στρατηγὸς Ἀντίφιλος, ἀνὴρ συνέσει στρατηγικῇ καὶ ἀνδρείᾳ διαφέρων.
In place of Leosthenes, Antiphilus was appointed general, a man distinguished for his military understanding and courage.
καὶ τὰ μὲν κατὰ τὴν Εὐρώπην ἐν τούτοις ἦν.
And the affairs in Europe were in this state.

Notes

  1. 18.13.2βελῶν παντοδαπῶν ἀφθονίας — This genitive phrase acts as a subject parallel to δυνάμεως, governed by the participle οὔσης in the preceding genitive absolute construction.
  2. 18.13.4διά τινας ἐθνικὰς χρείας — Meaning 'because of certain national (or tribal) needs'. It refers to the official reason why the Aetolians had to leave the siege and return home temporarily.
  3. 18.13.5τοῦ γὰρ Ἀντιπάτρου ... ἐπιθεμένου καὶ συμπλοκῆς γενομένης — Two genitive absolute constructions are joined by καί, providing the background ('when Antipater attacked... and a skirmish took place') for the main clause subject, Leosthenes.
  4. 18.13.6ὡς εἰληφὼς τῶν Ἁρπαλείων χρημάτων — The construction ὡς with a participle indicates an alleged or subjective reason ('on the charge of having taken Harpalus' money'). The genitive χρημάτων is used because the verb λαμβάνω (here as participle εἰληφώς) takes a partitive genitive when receiving a portion of funds.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §18.13.1-18.13.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc6:18.13.1-18.13.6

Please note the AI-draft status of the translation and the date accessed.

Translation, notes and summary are AI-generated drafts, revised through reader feedback.