§5.36.1ὕστερον δὲ πολλοῖς χρόνοις οἱ μὲν Ἴβηρες μαθόντες τὰ περὶ τὸν ἄργυρον ἰδιώματα κατεσκεύασαν ἀξιόλογα μέταλλα· διόπερ ἄργυρον κάλλιστον καὶ σχεδόν τι πλεῖστον κατασκευάζοντες μεγάλας ἐλάμβανον προσόδους.
And many years later, the Iberians, having learned the properties concerning silver, established remarkable mines; wherefore, producing the finest and almost the greatest amount of silver, they received large revenues.
ὁ δὲ τρόπος τῆς μεταλλείας καὶ τῶν ἔργων τοιοῦτός τίς ἐστι παρὰ τοῖς Ἴβηρσιν.
And the manner of their mining and of the works is somewhat as follows among the Iberians.
§5.36.2ὄντων χαλκοῦ καὶ χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου μετάλλων θαυμαστῶν, οἱ μὲν ἐργαζόμενοι τὰ χαλκουργεῖα τὸ τέταρτον μέρος χαλκοῦ καθαροῦ ἐκ τῆς ὀρυττομένης γῆς λαμβάνουσι, τῶν δʼ ἀργυρευόντων τινὲς ἰδιωτῶν ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις Εὐβοϊκὸν ἐξαίρουσι τάλαντον· πᾶσα γὰρ ἡ βῶλός ἐστι ψήγματος συμπεπηγότος καὶ ἀπολάμποντος μεστή.
Since there are wonderful mines of copper, gold, and silver, those who work the copper mines receive a fourth part of pure copper from the excavated earth, while some of the private individuals mining silver extract an Euboean talent in three days; for the whole clod is full of consolidated and glittering nuggets.
διὸ καὶ θαυμάσαι τις ἂν τήν τε τῆς χώρας φύσιν καὶ τὴν φιλοπονίαν τῶν ἐργαζομένων αὐτὴν ἀνθρώπων.
Wherefore one might well wonder both at the nature of the country and at the industry of the men who work it.
§5.36.3τὸ μὲν οὖν πρῶτον οἱ τυχόντες τῶν ἰδιωτῶν προσεκαρτέρουν τοῖς μετάλλοις, καὶ μεγάλους ἀπεφέροντο πλούτους διὰ τὴν ἑτοιμότητα καὶ δαψίλειαν τῆς ἀργυρίτιδος γῆς· ὕστερον δὲ τῶν Ῥωμαίων κρατησάντων τῆς Ἰβηρίας, πλῆθος Ἰταλῶν ἐπεπόλασε τοῖς μετάλλοις, καὶ μεγάλους ἀπεφέροντο πλούτους διὰ τὴν φιλοκερδίαν.
At first, then, ordinary private individuals persisted in working the mines, and carried off great wealth because of the accessibility and abundance of the silver-bearing earth; but later, when the Romans gained control of Iberia, a multitude of Italians swarmed over the mines, and carried off great wealth because of their greed.
§5.36.4ὠνούμενοι γὰρ πλῆθος ἀνδραπόδων παραδιδόασι τοῖς ἐφεστηκόσι ταῖς μεταλλικαῖς ἐργασίαις· οὗτοι δὲ κατὰ πλείονας τόπους ἀνοίξαντες στόμια καὶ κατὰ βάθους ὀρύττοντες τὴν γῆν ἐρευνῶσι τὰς πολυαργύρους καὶ πολυχρύσους πλάκας τῆς γῆς· καταβαίνοντές τε οὐ μόνον εἰς μῆκος, ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς βάθος παρεκτείνοντες ἐπὶ πολλοὺς σταδίους τὰ ὀρύγματα, καὶ πλαγίας καὶ σκολιὰς διαδύσεις ποικίλως μεταλλουργοῦντες, ἀνάγουσιν ἐκ βυθῶν τὴν τὸ κέρδος αὐτοῖς παρεχομένην βῶλον.
For, buying a multitude of slaves, they hand them over to those in charge of the mining operations; and these, having opened shafts in several places and digging deep into the earth, search out the veins of the earth rich in silver and gold; and descending not only in length, but also extending their diggings in depth for many stades, and mining in various ways with side-tunnels and winding galleries, they bring up from the depths the ore that provides them with profit.