§5.23.1περὶ δὲ τοῦ καλουμένου ἠλέκτρου νῦν διέξιμεν.
Now we shall discuss what is called amber.
τῆς Σκυθίας τῆς ὑπὲρ τὴν Γαλατίαν κατʼ ἀντικρὺ νῆσός ἐστι πελαγία κατὰ τὸν ὠκεανὸν ἡ προσαγορευομένη Βασίλεια.
Opposite Scythia which lies beyond Galatia, out in the ocean, there is an island of the open sea called Basileia.
εἰς ταύτην ὁ κλύδων ἐκβάλλει δαψιλὲς τὸ καλούμενον ἤλεκτρον, οὐδαμοῦ δὲ τῆς οἰκουμένης φαινόμενον.
Upon this island the surf casts up in abundance what is called amber, which is seen nowhere else in the inhabited world.
περὶ δὲ τούτου πολλοὶ τῶν παλαιῶν ἀνέγραψαν μύθους παντελῶς ἀπιστουμένους καὶ διὰ τῶν ἀποτελεσμάτων ἐλεγχομένους.
Concerning this amber, many of the ancient writers have recorded myths that are completely incredible and refuted by the actual facts.
§5.23.2πολλοὶ γὰρ τῶν τε ποιητῶν καὶ τῶν συγγραφέων φασὶ Φαέθοντα τὸν Ἡλίου μὲν υἱόν, παῖδα δὲ τὴν ἡλικίαν ὄντα, πεῖσαι τὸν πατέρα μίαν ἡμέραν παραχωρῆσαι τοῦ τεθρίππου· συγχωρηθέντος δʼ αὐτῷ τούτου, τὸν μὲν Φαέθοντα ἐλαύνοντα τὸ τέθριππον μὴ δύνασθαι κρατεῖν τῶν ἡνιῶν, τοὺς δʼ ἵππους καταφρονήσαντας τοῦ παιδὸς ἐξενεχθῆναι τοῦ συνήθους δρόμου, καὶ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον κατὰ τὸν οὐρανὸν πλανωμένους ἐκπυρῶσαι τοῦτον καὶ ποιῆσαι τὸν νῦν γαλαξίαν καλούμενον κύκλον, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πολλὴν τῆς οἰκουμένης ἐπιφλέξαντας οὐκ ὀλίγην κατακάειν χώραν.
For many of the poets and historians say that Phaethon, who was the son of Helios but still a boy in age, persuaded his father to yield to him his four-horse chariot for a single day; and when this was granted to him, Phaethon, as he drove the chariot, was unable to control the reins, while the horses, despising the boy, bolted from their accustomed course; and first, wandering through the heavens, they set them on fire and created the circle now called the Milky Way, and after this, setting on fire a great part of the inhabited world, they burned up no small amount of land.
§5.23.3διὸ καὶ τοῦ Διὸς ἀγανακτήσαντος ἐπὶ τοῖς γεγενημένοις, κεραυνῶσαι μὲν τὸν Φαέθοντα, ἀποκαταστῆσαι δὲ τὸν ἥλιον ἐπὶ τὴν συνήθη πορείαν.
Wherefore Zeus also, being indignant at what had happened, struck Phaethon with a thunderbolt and restored the Sun to his accustomed course.
τοῦ δὲ Φαέθοντος πεσόντος πρὸς τὰς ἐκβολὰς τοῦ νῦν καλουμένου Πάδου ποταμοῦ, τὸ δὲ παλαιὸν Ἠριδανοῦ προσαγορευομένου, θρηνῆσαι μὲν τὰς ἀδελφὰς αὐτοῦ τὴν τελευτὴν φιλοτιμότατα, διὰ δὲ τὴν ὑπερβολὴν τῆς λύπης μετασχηματισθῆναι τὴν φύσιν, γενομένας αἰγείρους.
And when Phaethon fell near the mouths of the river now called Padus, but in ancient times named Eridanus, his sisters lamented his death with exceeding devotion, and because of the excess of their grief, their nature was transformed and they became poplar trees.
§5.23.4ταύτας δὲ κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν ὥραν δάκρυον ἀφιέναι, καὶ τοῦτο πηγνύμενον ἀποτελεῖν τὸ καλούμενον ἤλεκτρον, λαμπρότητι μὲν τῶν ὁμοφυῶν διαφέρον, ἐπιχωριάζον δʼ ἐν ταῖς τῶν νέων τελευταῖς κατὰ τὸ τούτων πένθος.
These trees, year after year at the same season, shed tears, and this, hardening, forms what is called amber, which excels in brilliance among things of its kind, and is used commonly in the mourning for the deaths of young people.
§5.23.5διημαρτηκότων δὲ πάντων τῶν τὸν μῦθον τοῦτον πεπλακότων καὶ διὰ τῶν ἀποτελεσμάτων ἐν τοῖς ὕστερον χρόνοις ἐλεγχομένων, προσεκτέον ταῖς ἀληθιναῖς ἱστορίαις· τὸ γὰρ ἤλεκτρον συνάγεται μὲν ἐν τῇ προειρημένῃ νήσῳ, κομίζεται δʼ ὑπὸ τῶν ἐγχωρίων πρὸς τὴν ἀντιπέρας ἤπειρον, διʼ ἧς φέρεται πρὸς τοὺς καθʼ ἡμᾶς τόπους, καθότι προείρηται.
But since all those who have fashioned this myth have erred and been refuted by actual facts in later times, we must give heed to true histories; for the amber is gathered on the island we have mentioned and is carried by the natives to the opposite mainland, through which it is brought to our parts, as has been said before.