§5.17.1ἄλλαι δʼ ὑπάρχουσι νῆσοι κατʼ ἀντικρὺ τῆς Ἰβηρίας, ὑπὸ μὲν τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὀνομαζόμεναι Γυμνήσιαι διὰ τὸ τοὺς ἐνοικοῦντας γυμνοὺς τῆς ἐσθῆτος βιοῦν κατὰ τὴν τοῦ θέρους ὥραν, ὑπὸ δὲ τῶν ἐγχωρίων καὶ τῶν Ῥωμαίων προσαγορεύονται Βαλιαρίδες ἀπὸ τοῦ βάλλειν ταῖς σφενδόναις λίθους μεγάλους κάλλιστα τῶν ἁπάντων ἀνθρώπων.
There are other islands lying opposite Iberia, which are called Gymnesiae by the Greeks because the inhabitants live naked of clothing during the summer season, but are addressed as Baliaredes by the natives and the Romans because of their throwing large stones with slings most excellently of all men.
τούτων δʼ ἡ μείζων μεγίστη πασῶν ἐστι μετὰ τὰς ἑπτὰ νήσους, Σικελίαν, Σαρδώ, Κύπρον, Κρήτην, Εὔβοιαν, Κύρνον, Λέσβον, ἀπέχει δὲ τῆς Ἰβηρίας πλοῦν ἡμερήσιον· ἡ δʼ ἐλάττων κέκλιται μὲν πρὸς τὴν ἕω, τρέφει δὲ κτήνη πολλὰ καὶ παντοδαπά, μάλιστα δʼ ἡμιόνους, μεγάλους μὲν τοῖς ἀναστήμασιν, §5.17.2ὑπεράγοντας δὲ ταῖς ῥώμαις.
Of these, the larger island is the greatest of all after the seven islands, Sicily, Sardo, Cyprus, Crete, Euboea, Cyrnos, and Lesbos, and is distant from Iberia a day's voyage; and the smaller is inclined toward the east, and rears many cattle of all kinds, and especially mules, which are large in stature but surpass in strength.
ἀμφότεραι δʼ αἱ νῆσοι χώραν ἔχουσιν ἀγαθὴν καρποφόρον καὶ πλῆθος τῶν κατοικούντων ὑπὲρ τοὺς τρισμυρίους, τῶν δὲ πρὸς τὴν τροφὴν γεννημάτων οἶνον μὲν ὁλοσχερῶς οὐ φέρουσι· διὸ καὶ πάντες εἰσὶν ὑπερβολῇ πρὸς τὸν οἶνον εὐκατάφοροι, διὰ τὸ σπανίζειν παρʼ αὐτοῖς· ἐλαίου δὲ παντελῶς σπανίζοντες κατασκευάζουσιν ἐκ τῆς σχίνου, καὶ μιγνύντες ὑείῳ στέατι τὰ σώματα αὑτῶν ἀλείφουσι τούτῳ.
And both islands have a good and fertile land, and the multitude of inhabitants is over thirty thousand; and of the products for food, they do not bear wine at all; wherefore also they are all exceedingly prone to wine, because of its scarcity among them; and being entirely in want of olive oil, they produce it from the mastic tree, and mixing it with pig's fat, they anoint their bodies with this.
§5.17.3μάλιστα δὲ τῶν ἁπάντων ὄντες φιλογύναι προτιμῶσιν αὐτὰς ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον, ὥστε ὅταν τινὲς γυναῖκες ὑπὸ τῶν προσπλεόντων λῃστῶν ἁλῶσιν, ἀντὶ μιᾶς γυναικὸς τρεῖς ἢ τέτταρας ἄνδρας διδόντες λυτροῦνται.
And being of all men most fond of women, they value them to such a degree that, when some women are captured by pirates sailing against them, they ransom them by giving three or four men instead of one woman.
οἰκοῦσι δʼ ὑπὸ ταῖς κοιλάσι πέτραις, καὶ παρὰ τοὺς κρημνοὺς ὀρύγματα κατασκευάζοντες καὶ καθόλου πολλοὺς τόπους ὑπονόμους ποιοῦντες ἐν τούτοις βιοῦσιν, ἅμα τὴν ἐξ αὐτῶν σκέπην καὶ ἀσφάλειαν θηρώμενοι.
And they dwell under hollow rocks, and by constructing excavations along the cliffs and generally making many underground places, they live in these, seeking at the same time shelter and safety from them.
§5.17.4ἀργυρῷ δὲ καὶ χρυσῷ νομίσματι τὸ παράπαν οὐ χρῶνται, καὶ καθόλου ταῦτα εἰσάγειν εἰς τὴν νῆσον κωλύουσιν· αἰτίαν δὲ ταύτην ἐπιφέρουσιν, ὅτι τὸ παλαιὸν Ἡρακλῆς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ Γηρυόνην, ὄντα Χρυσάορος μὲν υἱόν, πλεῖστον δὲ κεκτημένον ἄργυρόν τε καὶ χρυσόν.
And they do not use silver and gold coinage at all, and generally prevent them from being imported into the island; and they bring forward this reason, that in ancient times Heracles made an expedition against Geryones, who was a son of Chrysaor and possessed a vast amount of silver and gold.
ἵνʼ οὖν ἀνεπιβούλευτον ἔχωσι τὴν κτῆσιν, ἀνεπίμικτον ἑαυτοῖς ἐποίησαν τὸν ἐξ ἀργύρου τε καὶ χρυσοῦ πλοῦτον.
In order, therefore, that they might have their possession safe from designs against it, they made the wealth derived from silver and gold unmixed with themselves.
διόπερ ἀκολούθως ταύτῃ τῇ κρίσει κατὰ τὰς γεγενημένας πάλαι ποτὲ στρατείας παρὰ Καρχηδονίοις τοὺς μισθοὺς οὐκ ἀπεκόμιζον εἰς τὰς πατρίδας, ἀλλʼ ὠνούμενοι γυναῖκας καὶ οἶνον ἅπαντα τὸν μισθὸν εἰς ταῦτα κατεχορήγουν.
Wherefore, in accordance with this decision, during the expeditions that took place long ago under the Carthaginians, they did not carry their wages back to their homelands, but buying women and wine, they spent all their wages on these.