§5.15.1ἐχομένη δὲ ταύτης ἐστὶ νῆσος ἡ προσαγορευομένη Σαρδώ, τῷ μὲν μεγέθει παραπλήσιος τῇ Σικελίᾳ, κατοικουμένη δʼ ὑπὸ βαρβάρων τῶν ὀνομαζομένων Ἰολαείων, οὓς νομίζουσιν ἀπογόνους εἶναι τῶν μετὰ Ἰολάου καὶ τῶν Θεσπιαδῶν κατοικησάντων.
Adjacent to this is the island called Sardo, in size very similar to Sicily, and inhabited by barbarians called Iolaeans, whom people believe to be descendants of those who settled with Iolaus and the Thespiadae.
κατὰ γὰρ τοὺς χρόνους ἐν οἷς Ἡρακλῆς τοὺς διαβεβοημένους ἄθλους ἐτέλει, παίδων ὄντων αὐτῷ πολλῶν ἐκ τῶν Θεσπίου θυγατέρων, τούτους Ἡρακλῆς κατά τινα χρησμὸν ἐξαπέστειλεν εἰς Σαρδὼ καὶ μετʼ αὐτῶν δύναμιν ἀξιόλογον Ἑλλήνων τε καὶ βαρβάρων ἐπὶ τὴν ἀποικίαν.
For at the times when Heracles was performing his famous labors, since he had many children by the daughters of Thespius, Heracles, in accordance with a certain oracle, sent them to Sardo, and with them a notable force of both Greeks and barbarians for the colonization.
§5.15.2ταύτης δὲ προεστηκὼς Ἰόλαος ὁ ἀδελφιδοῦς Ἡρακλέους καταλαβόμενος ᾤκισεν ἐν αὐτῇ πόλεις ἀξιολόγους, καὶ τὴν χώραν κατακληρουχήσας τοὺς μὲν λαοὺς προσηγόρευσεν ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ Ἰολαείους, κατεσκεύασε δὲ καὶ γυμνάσια καὶ θεῶν ναοὺς καὶ τἄλλα πάντα τὰ πρὸς βίον ἀνθρώπων εὐδαίμονα, ὧν ὑπομνήματα μέχρι τῶνδε τῶν καιρῶν διαμένει·
And Iolaus, the nephew of Heracles, having been put in charge of this force, occupied the island and founded notable cities in it, and having distributed the land by lot, he named the peoples after himself, Iolaeans; and he also constructed gymnasia and temples of gods and all other things that tend to a happy life of men, of which memorials remain up to these times.
τὰ μὲν γὰρ κάλλιστα πεδία τὴν προσηγορίαν ἀπʼ ἐκείνου λαβόντα Ἰολάεια καλεῖται, τὸ δὲ πλῆθος μέχρι τοῦ νῦν φυλάττει τὴν ἀπὸ Ἰολάου προσηγορίαν.
For the finest plains, taking their name from him, are called Iolaeian, and the multitude preserves the name from Iolaus until now.
§5.15.3τοῦ δὲ περὶ τῆς ἀποικίας χρησμοῦ περιέχοντος ὅτι τοῖς τῆς ἀποικίας ταύτης κοινωνήσασι διαμενεῖ τὰ τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἅπαντα τὸν αἰῶνα, συνέβη τὸν χρησμὸν παραδόξως μέχρι τοῦ νῦν αὐτονομίαν τοῖς ἐγχωρίοις ἀσάλευτον φυλάξαι.
And since the oracle concerning the colony contained the statement that for those who shared in this colony all things of freedom would remain for all time, it turned out that the oracle, in a marvelous manner, has preserved unshaken autonomy for the natives until now.
§5.15.4καρχηδόνιοί τε γὰρ ἐπὶ πλέον ἰσχύσαντες καὶ τῆς νήσου κρατήσαντες οὐκ ἠδυνήθησαν τοὺς προκατασχόντας τὴν νῆσον καταδουλώσασθαι, ἀλλʼ οἱ μὲν Ἰολάειοι καταφυγόντες εἰς τὴν ὀρεινὴν καὶ καταγείους οἰκήσεις κατασκευάσαντες ἔτρεφον πολλὰς ἀγέλας βοσκημάτων, ὧν παρεχομένων δαψιλεῖς τροφὰς ἠρκοῦντο προσφερόμενοι γάλα καὶ τυρὸν καὶ κρέα, καὶ τῆς μὲν πεδιάδος γῆς ἐκχωρήσαντες τὴν ἐκ τῆς ἐργασίας κακοπάθειαν ἐξέκλιναν, τὴν δʼ ὀρεινὴν νεμόμενοι καὶ βίον ἔχοντες ἄμοιρον κακοπαθείας ταῖς προειρημέναις τροφαῖς διετέλεσαν χρώμενοι.
For the Carthaginians, although they grew more powerful and gained control of the island, were not able to enslave those who had previously occupied the island; but the Iolaeans, having fled into the mountainous country and having constructed underground dwellings, reared many herds of livestock, and since these provided abundant nourishment, they were content consuming milk, cheese, and meat, and having withdrawn from the plain land, they avoided the hardship arising from its tillage, and inhabiting the mountainous country and having a life free from hardship, they continued using the aforementioned foods.
§5.15.5τῶν δὲ Καρχηδονίων πολλάκις ἀξιολόγοις δυνάμεσι στρατευσάντων ἐπʼ αὐτούς, διὰ τὰς δυσχωρίας καὶ τὴν ἐν τοῖς καταγείοις δυστραπέλειαν διέμειναν ἀδούλωτοι.
And though the Carthaginians often campaigned against them with notable forces, because of the difficulties of the terrain and the hard-to-reach nature of their underground dwellings they remained unsubdued.
τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον Ῥωμαίων ἐπικρατούντων καὶ πολλάκις ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς στρατευσάντων, διὰ ταύτας τὰς αἰτίας ἀχείρωτοι πολεμίᾳ δυνάμει διέμειναν.
And finally, when the Romans became dominant and often campaigned against them, for these same reasons they remained unconquered by any hostile force.
§5.15.6οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ κατὰ τοὺς ἀρχαίους χρόνους Ἰόλαος μὲν συγκατασκευάσας τὰ κατὰ τὴν ἀποικίαν ἐπανῆλθεν εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα, οἱ δὲ Θεσπιάδαι τῆς νήσου προεστῶτες ἐπὶ πολλὰς γενεὰς τὸ τελευταῖον ἐξέπεσον εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν, καὶ κατῴκησαν ἐν τοῖς κατὰ Κύμην τόποις, τὸ δʼ ἄλλο πλῆθος ἐκβαρβαρωθὲν καὶ προστησάμενον ἐκ τῶν ἐγχωρίων τοὺς ἀρίστους ἡγεμόνας διεφύλαξε τὴν ἐλευθερίαν μέχρι τῶν καθʼ ἡμᾶς χρόνων.
Nevertheless, in ancient times, Iolaus, having helped to establish the affairs of the colony, returned to Greece, while the Thespiadae, having ruled the island for many generations, finally were driven out to Italy and settled in the regions around Cumae; and the rest of the multitude, having become barbarian and having chosen the best of the natives as leaders, preserved their freedom until our own times.