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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §4.85.1-4.85.7

The Deeds of Orion and the Origin of the Sicilian Strait

Passage 321 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The text recounts the deeds of the giant hero Orion, specifically his construction of the harbor and promontory in Sicily and his migration to Euboea, discusses various mythological accounts regarding the separation of Sicily from the mainland, and cites Homeric verses depicting Orion in the underworld.

§4.85.1εἰρήσθω, περὶ δὲ Ὠρίωνος τὰ μυθολογούμενα νῦν διέξιμεν.
Let this [be said of Daphnis], and now we shall recount the myths related concerning Orion.
λέγεται γὰρ τοῦτον σώματος μεγέθει καὶ ῥώμῃ πολὺ τῶν μνημονευομένων ἡρώων ὑπεράγοντα φιλοκύνηγον γενέσθαι καὶ κατασκευάσαι μεγάλα ἔργα διὰ τὴν ἰσχὺν καὶ φιλοδοξίαν.
For it is said that he, far surpassing in bodily size and strength the heroes of whom mention is made, became fond of the chase and constructed great works through his strength and love of glory.
κατὰ μὲν γὰρ τὴν Σικελίαν κατασκευάσαι Ζάγκλῳ τῷ τότε βασιλεύοντι τῆς τότε μὲν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ Ζάγκλης, νῦν δὲ Μεσσήνης ὀνομαζομένης, ἄλλα τε καὶ τὸν λιμένα προσχώσαντα τὴν ὀνομαζομένην Ἀκτὴν ποιῆσαι.
Indeed, in Sicily, for Zancius who was then ruling over the city which was then named Zancle after him but is now called Messene, he constructed among other things the harbor, by throwing up a mole and making the place called Acte.
§4.85.2ἐπεὶ δὲ τῆς Μεσσήνης ἐμνήσθημεν, οὐκ ἀνοίκειον προσθεῖναι νομίζομεν τοὶς προκειμένοις τὰς περὶ τὸν πορθμὸν διηγήδεις.
But since we have made mention of Messene, we think it not unbefitting to add to our present topic the accounts concerning the strait.
§4.85.3φασὶ γὰρ οἱ παλαιοὶ μυθογράφοι τὴν Σικελίαν τὸ πρὸ τοῦ χερρόνησον οὖσαν ὕστερον γενέσθαι νῆσον διὰ τοιαύτας αἰτίας. τὸν ἰσθμὸν κατὰ τὸ στενώτατον ὑπὸ δυοῖν πλευρῶν θαλάττῃ προσκλυζόμενον ἀναρραγῆναι, καὶ τὸν τόπον ἀπὸ τούτου Ῥήγιον ὀνομασθῆναι, καὶ τὴν ὕστερον πολλοῖς ἔτεσι κτισθεῖσαν πόλιν τυχεῖν τῆς ὁμωνύμου προσηγορίας.
For the ancient mythographers say that Sicily, being formerly a peninsula, later became an island for the following reasons: the isthmus at its narrowest part, being washed on both sides by the sea, was broken through, and the place from this occurrence was named Rhegium, and the city founded many years later obtained the homonymous designation.
§4.85.4ἔνιοι δὲ λέγουσι σεισμῶν μεγάλων γενομένων διαρραγῆναι τὸν αὐχένα τῆς ἠπείρου, καὶ γενέσθαι τὸν πορθμὸν διειργούσης τῆς θαλάττης τὴν ἤπειρον ἀπὸ τῆς νήσου.
But some say that, great earthquakes having occurred, the neck of the mainland was broken through, and the strait was formed when the sea divided the mainland from the island.
§4.85.5Ἡσίοδος δʼ ὁ ποιητής φησι τοὐναντίον ἀναπεπταμένου τοῦ πελάγους Ὠρίωνα προσχῶσαι τὸ κατὰ τὴν Πελωρίδα κείμενον ἀκρωτήριον, καὶ τὸ τέμενος τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος κατασκευάσαι, τιμώμενον ὑπὸ τῶν ἐγχωρίων διαφερόντως· ταῦτα δὲ διαπραξάμενον εἰς Εὔβοιαν μεταναστῆναι κἀκεῖ κατοικῆσαι· διὰ δὲ τὴν δόξαν ἐν τοῖς κατʼ οὐρανὸν ἄστροις καταριθμηθέντα τυχεῖν ἀθανάτου μνήμης.
But Hesiod the poet says on the contrary that, the sea being wide open, Orion threw up the promontory lying near Peloris, and constructed the sacred precinct of Poseidon, which is held in exceptional honor by the inhabitants; and after accomplishing these things he migrated to Euboea and dwelt there; and because of his glory he was numbered among the stars in heaven and obtained immortal memory.
§4.85.6περὶ οὗ καὶ ὁ ποιητὴς Ὅμηρος ἐν τῇ Νεκυίᾳ μιμνησκόμενός φησι "τὸν δὲ μέτʼ Ὠρίωνα πελώριον εἰσενόησα θῆρας ὁμοῦ εἰλεῦντα κατʼ ἀσφοδελὸν λειμῶνα, οὓς αὐτὸς κατέπεφνεν ἐν οἰοπόλοισιν ὄρεσσι, χερσὶν ἔχων ῥόπαλον παγχάλκεον, αἰὲν ἀαγές. " §4.85.7ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ περὶ τοῦ μεγέθους ἐμφανίζων, καὶ προεκθέμενος τὰ περὶ τοὺς Ἀλῳάδας, ὅτι ἐνναετεῖς ἦσαν τὸ μὲν εὖρος πηχῶν ἐννέα, τὸ δὲ μῆκος τῶν ἴσων ὀργυιῶν, ἐπιφέρει "τοὺς δὴ μηκίστους θρέψε ζείδωρος ἄρουρα καὶ πολὺ καλλίστους μετά γε κλυτὸν Ὠρίωνα. " ἡμεῖς δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἐν ἀρχῇ πρόθεσιν περὶ τῶν ἡρώων καὶ ἡμιθέων ἀρκούντως εἰρηκότες αὐτοῦ περιγράψομεν τήνδε τὴν βίβλον.
Concerning whom also the poet Homer, making mention in the Book of the Dead, says: "And after him I marked huge Orion, driving wild beasts together over the asphodel meadow, which he himself had slain in the lonely mountains, having in his hands a club of all bronze, ever unbroken." And in like manner also showing his size, and having first set forth the account concerning the Aloadae, that at nine years of age they were nine cubits in breadth and the same number of fathoms in height, he adds: "These indeed the grain-giving earth reared as the tallest, and by far the most beautiful, after at least famous Orion." And we, having spoken sufficiently concerning the heroes and demigods in accordance with our purpose at the beginning, shall here bring this book to a close.

Notes

  1. §4.85.1λέγεται γὰρ τοῦτον σώματος μεγέθει καὶ ῥώμῃ πολὺ τῶν μνημονευομένων ἡρώων ὑπεράγοντα φιλοκύνηγον γενέσθαι — The accusative infinitive construction (with γενέσθαι and the subsequent κατασκευάσαι) taking τοῦτον (referring to Orion) as its subject is governed by the impersonal verb λέγεται. The participle ὑπεράγοντα agrees with τοῦτον in gender, number, and case (accusative).
  2. §4.85.1τῆς τότε μὲν ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ Ζάγκλης, νῦν δὲ Μεσσήνης ὀνομαζομένης — This genitive phrase serves as the object of the verb βασιλεύω (which takes the genitive) to indicate the realm ruled by the king (βασιλεύοντι). The contrastive structure τότε μὲν ... νῦν δὲ ... shows the historical transition of the city's name from old to new.
  3. §4.85.3τὴν Σικελίαν τὸ πρὸ τοῦ χερρόνησον οὖσαν ὕστερον γενέσθαι νῆσον — The participle phrase χερρόνησον οὖσαν, with its nominative complement, modifies the accusative subject τὴν Σικελίαν, meaning 'Sicily, which was formerly a peninsula'. τὸ πρὸ τοῦ functions adverbially as 'previously' or 'formerly'.
  4. §4.85.4γενέσθαι τὸν πορθμὸν διειργούσης τῆς θαλάττης — The genitive absolute phrase διειργούσης τῆς θαλάττης expresses the cause or attendant circumstance of the action in the main infinitive γενέσθαι. The infinitive γενέσθαι and its subject τὸν πορθμὸν (accusative) are governed by the preceding λέγουσι.
  5. §4.85.5τιμώμενος ὑπὸ τῶν ἐγχωρίων διαφερόντως — The participle τιμώμενος is grammatically masculine singular nominative, but semantically refers to the preceding 'precinct of Poseidon' (τὸ τέμενος τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος, which is neuter). This is an instance of constructio ad sensum (agreement according to sense), where the masculine gender is influenced by Poseidon, the deity of the precinct, or it may reflect a variant reading in the textual tradition.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §4.85.1-4.85.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:4.85.1-4.85.7

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