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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §4.80.1-4.80.6

Myth and Cult of the Mothers in Engyon

Passage 316 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The author introduces the myth that the Mothers of Engyon nurtured the infant Zeus and were raised to heaven, supported by Aratus' poetry, and describes the profound veneration they receive, including the construction of a magnificent temple despite transport difficulties.

§4.80.1μυθολογοῦσι δʼ αὐτὰς τὸ παλαιὸν θρέψαι τὸν Δία λάθρᾳ τοῦ πατρὸς Κρόνου, ἀνθʼ ὧν αὐτὰς εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀναβιβασθῆναι καὶ καταστερισθείσας ἄρκτους προσαγορευθῆναι· §4.80.2περὶ ὧν καὶ τὸν Ἄρατον συμφωνοῦντα τούτοις τεθεικέναι κατὰ τὴν τῶν ἄστρων ποίησιν, "ἔμπαλιν εἰς ὤμους τετραμμέναι· εἰ ἐτεόν γε Κρήτηθεν κεῖναί γε Διὸς μεγάλου ἰότητι οὐρανὸν εἰσανέβησαν, ὅ μιν τότε κουρίζοντα Δίκτῳ ἐν εὐώδει ὄρεος σχεδὸν Ἰδαίοιο ἄντρῳ ἐγκατέθεντο καὶ ἔτρεφον εἰς ἐνιαυτόν, Δικταῖοι Κούρητες ὅτε Κρόνον ἐψεύσαντο. "
They relate that in ancient times they nourished Zeus in secret from his father Cronus, in return for which they were raised into heaven and, having been placed among the stars, were addressed as Bears; concerning whom Aratus also, agreeing with this, wrote in his poem on the stars: "Turned backward on their shoulders; if indeed from Crete by the will of great Zeus they ascended to heaven, when, as he was then a babe, they placed him in the fragrant cave of Dicte, near the Idaean mountain, and nourished him for a year, when the Dictaean Curetes deceived Cronus." It is not fitting to pass over the sanctity concerning the goddesses and their manifestation among men.
§4.80.3οὐκ ἄξιον δὲ παραλιπεῖν τὴν περὶ τὰς θεὰς ἁγνείαν τε καὶ τὴν κατʼ ἀνθρώπους ἐπιφάνειαν. τιμῶσι δʼ αὐτὰς οὐ μόνον οἱ ταύτην τὴν πόλιν οἰκοῦντες, ἀλλὰ καί τινες τῶν ἄλλων περιοίκων θυσίαις τε μεγαλοπρεπέσι καὶ ταῖς ἄλλαις τιμαῖς ἀποσεμνύνουσι τὰς θεάς.
For not only do those who inhabit this city honor them, but also some of the other neighboring peoples glorify the goddesses with magnificent sacrifices and other honors.
§4.80.4ἐνίαις δὲ πόλεσι καὶ πυθόχρηστοι χρησμοὶ προσέταξαν τιμᾶν τὰς θεάς· ἔσεσθαι γὰρ τοῖς τοιούτοις τούς τε τῶν ἰδιωτῶν βίους εὐδαίμονας καὶ τὰς πόλεις εὐθενήσειν.
And to some cities oracle-declared responses from Pytho also commanded them to honor the goddesses; for they said that to such people the lives of individuals would be happy and the cities would flourish.
τέλος δὲ προβαινούσης ἐπὶ πολὺ τῆς κατὰ τὰς θεὰς ἐπιφανείας, οἱ μὲν ἐγχώριοι πολλοῖς ἀναθήμασιν ἀργυροῖς καὶ χρυσοῖς διετέλεσαν τιμῶντες ἄχρι τῶνδε τῶν ἱστοριῶν γραφομένων.
And at last, as the manifestation of the goddesses advanced to a great degree, the inhabitants of the region continued to honor them with many votive offerings of silver and gold down to the times when this history was being written.
§4.80.5νεὼν μὲν γὰρ αὐταῖς κατεσκεύασαν οὐ μόνον τῷ μεγέθει διάφορον, ἀλλὰ καὶ τῇ πολυτελείᾳ τῇ κατὰ τὴν οἰκοδομίαν θαυμαζόμενον· οὐκ ἔχοντες γὰρ κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν χώραν λίθον ἀξιόλογον παρὰ τῶν ἀστυγειτόνων Ἀγυριναίων ἤγαγον, τῶν μὲν πόλεων διεστηκυιῶν ὡς ἑκατὸν σταδίους, τῆς δʼ ὁδοῦ διʼ ἧς ἀνάγκη κομίζεσθαι τοὺς λίθους ὑπαρχούσης τραχείας καὶ παντελῶς δυσπορεύτου· δι’ ἣν αἰτίαν κατασκευάσαντες ἁμάξας τετρακύκλους ἑκατὸν ζεύγεσι βοῶν ἐκόμισαν τὸν λίθον.
For they constructed for them a temple outstanding not only in size, but also admired for the luxury of its construction; for having no notable stone in their own territory, they brought it from their neighbors the Agyrinaeans, though the cities were separated by about a hundred stades, and the road along which it was necessary to carry the stones was rough and completely difficult to travel; for which reason, having constructed four-wheeled wagons, they carried the stone by means of a hundred yokes of oxen.
§4.80.6διὰ γὰρ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἱερῶν χρημάτων εὐπορούμενοι, τῇ δαψιλείᾳ τῆς εὐπορίας ὑπερεῖδον τῶν ἀναλωμάτων· βραχὺ γὰρ πρὸ ἡμῶν εἶχον αἱ θεαὶ βοῦς μὲν ἱερὰς τρισχιλίας, χώρας δὲ πλῆθος ὥστε λαμβάνειν μεγάλας προσόδους.
For being wealthy on account of the abundance of the sacred funds, they disregarded the expenses because of the lavishness of their wealth; for shortly before our time, the goddesses possessed three thousand sacred cattle, and a great amount of land so as to receive large revenues.

Notes

  1. §4.80.1ἀνθʼ ὧν — A combination of the preposition ἀντί and the relative pronoun ὧν which absorbs its antecedent (equivalent to ἀντὶ τούτων ἅ or ἀντὶ τούτων ὧν), meaning 'in return for which' or 'for which reasons'.
  2. §4.80.2ὅ μιν — Here, ὅ is not the neuter relative pronoun, but a temporal conjunction (an epic variant of ὅτε) meaning 'when'. The word μιν is the Ionic/Epic third-person singular accusative pronoun, referring to αὐτόν (Zeus).
  3. §4.80.4ἔσεσθαι γὰρ — An infinitive in indirect discourse, explaining the content of the oracle. The subject is the accusative τούς τε τῶν ἰδιωτῶν βίους. The following εὐθενήσειν is also an infinitive whose subject is τὰς πόλεις.
  4. §4.80.6ὑπερεῖδον τῶν ἀναλωμάτων — The second aorist of the verb ὑπεροράω (to overlook, disregard, despise) with the inhabitants of Engyon as its subject. This verb governs the genitive case (here τῶν ἀναλωμάτων, 'expenses'), meaning 'they disregarded the expenses' or 'spared no expense'.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §4.80.1-4.80.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:4.80.1-4.80.6

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