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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §4.57.1-4.57.6

Flight of the Heracleidae to Athens and Defeat of Eurystheus

Passage 293 of 406 · Greek

Summary

This chunk describes how, after Heracles' death, his children (the Heracleidae) were forced to flee from Ceyx's kingdom due to Eurystheus' threats, found refuge in Athens, and eventually defeated Eurystheus in battle.

§4.57.1ἡμῖν δʼ ἀρκούντως ἐξειργασμένοις τὴν περὶ τῶν Ἀργοναυτῶν ἱστορίαν καὶ τὰ ὑφʼ Ἡρακλέους πραχθέντα οἰκεῖον ἂν εἴη κατὰ τὴν γενομένην ἐπαγγελίαν ἀναγράψαι τὰς τῶν υἱῶν αὐτοῦ πράξεις.
For us, having sufficiently worked out the history concerning the Argonauts and the deeds performed by Heracles, it would be appropriate, in accordance with the promise made, to record the deeds of his sons.
μετὰ τὴν Ἡρακλέους τοίνυν ἀποθέωσιν οἱ παῖδες αὐτοῦ κατῴκουν ἐν Τραχῖνι παρὰ Κήυκι τῷ βασιλεῖ.
Now, after the deification of Heracles, his children dwelt in Trachis with Ceyx the king.
§4.57.2μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Ὕλλου καί τινων ἑτέρων ἀνδρωθέντων, Εὐρυσθεὺς φοβηθεὶς μὴ πάντων ἐνηλίκων γενομένων ἐκπέσῃ τῆς ἐν Μυκήναις βασιλείας, ἔγνω τοὺς Ἡρακλείδας ἐξ ὅλης τῆς Ἑλλάδος φυγαδεῦσαι.
After this, when Hyllus and some others had grown to manhood, Eurystheus, fearing lest, when all had become adults, he should be cast out from his kingdom in Mycenae, decided to banish the Heracleidae from the whole of Greece.
διὸ Κήυκι μὲν τῷ βασιλεῖ προηγόρευσε τούς τε Ἡρακλείδας καὶ τοὺς Λικυμνίου παῖδας ἐκβαλεῖν, §4.57.3ἔτι δὲ Ἰόλαον καὶ τὸ σύστημα τῶν Ἀρκάδων τῶν Ἡρακλεῖ συνεστρατευκότων, ἢ ταῦτα μὴ ποιοῦντα πόλεμον ἀναδέξασθαι.
Therefore, he gave orders to Ceyx the king to expel both the Heracleidae and the children of Licymnius, and furthermore Iolaus and the body of the Arcadians who had campaigned with Heracles, or else, if he did not do these things, to undergo war.
§4.57.4οἱ δʼ Ἡρακλεῖδαι καὶ οἱ μετʼ αὐτῶν θεωροῦντες αὑτοὺς οὐκ ἀξιομάχους ὄντας Εὐρυσθεῖ πολεμεῖν, ἔγνωσαν ἑκουσίως φεύγειν ἐκ τῆς Τραχῖνος· ἐπιόντες δὲ τῶν ἄλλων πόλεων τὰς ἀξιολογωτάτας ἐδέοντο δέξασθαι σφᾶς αὐτοὺς συνοίκους.
But the Heracleidae and those with them, seeing that they were not a match for Eurystheus in fighting, decided to flee voluntarily from Trachis; and visiting the most noteworthy of the other cities, they begged them to receive them as co-dwellers.
μηδεμιᾶς δὲ τολμώσης ὐποδέξασθαι, μόνοι τῶν ἄλλων Ἀθηναῖοι διὰ τὴν ἔμφυτον παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἐπιείκειαν προσεδέξαντο τοὺς Ἡρακλείδας· κατῴκισαν δὲ αὐτοὺς μετὰ τῶν συμφυγόντων εἰς Τρικόρυθον πόλιν, ἥτις ἐστὶ μία τῆς ὀνομαζομένης τετραπόλεως.
When none dared to receive them, the Athenians alone of all others, because of the innate decency among them, received the Heracleidae; and they settled them, along with those who had fled with them, in the city of Tricorythus, which is one of the so-called Tetrapolis.
§4.57.5μετὰ δέ τινα χρόνον ἁπάντων τῶν Ἡρακλέους παίδων ἠνδρωμένων, καὶ φρονήματος ἐμφυομένου τοῖς νεανίσκοις διὰ τὴν ἀφʼ Ἡρακλέους δόξαν, ὑφορώμενος αὐτῶν τὴν αὔξησιν Εὐρυσθεὺς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπʼ αὐτοὺς μετὰ πολλῆς δυνάμεως.
After some time, when all the children of Heracles had grown to manhood, and pride was implanted in the young men because of the glory derived from Heracles, Eurystheus, viewing their growth with suspicion, campaigned against them with a large force.
§4.57.6οἱ δʼ Ἡρακλεῖδαι, βοηθούντων αὐτοῖς τῶν Ἀθηναίων, προστησάμενοι τὸν Ἡρακλέους ἀδελφιδοῦν Ἰόλαον, καὶ τούτῳ τε καὶ Θησεῖ καὶ Ὕλλῳ τὴν στρατηγίαν παραδόντες, ἐνίκησαν παρατάξει τὸν Εὐρυσθέα.
But the Heracleidae, with the Athenians assisting them, having put forward Heracles' nephew Iolaus, and having handed over the command to him, to Theseus, and to Hyllus, defeated Eurystheus in a pitched battle.
κατὰ δὲ τὴν μάχην πλεῖστοι μὲν τῶν μετʼ Εὐρυσθέως κατεκόπησαν, αὐτὸς δʼ ὁ Εὐρυσθεύς, τοῦ ἅρματος κατὰ τὴν φυγὴν συντριβέντος, ὑπὸ Ὕλλου τοῦ Ἡρακλέους ἀνῃρέθη· ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ Εὐρυσθέως πάντες κατὰ τὴν μάχην ἐτελεύτησαν.
In the battle, most of those with Eurystheus were cut down, and Eurystheus himself, his chariot having been shattered during the flight, was slain by Hyllus, the son of Heracles; likewise, all the sons of Eurystheus also perished in the battle.

Notes

  1. §4.57.1ἡμῖν δʼ ἀρκούντως ἐξειργασμένοις — The dative pronoun ἡμῖν ('for us') and its agreeing perfect participle ἐξειργασμένοις ('having worked out') function as a dative of reference or agent with the impersonal expression οἰκεῖον ἂν εἴη ('it would be appropriate').
  2. §4.57.3ἢ ταῦτα μὴ ποιοῦντα πόλεμον ἀναδέξασθαι — The infinitive ἀναδέξασθαι depends on προηγόρευσε ('he ordered') in the previous clause. The negative participle μὴ ποιοῦντα ('if he does not do these things') is in the accusative masculine singular, agreeing with the implied subject of the infinitive, King Ceyx (who was referred to by the dative Κήυκι in the preceding clause but is treated here as the subject of the infinitive).
  3. §4.57.4οὐκ ἀξιομάχους ὄντας Εὐρυσθεῖ πολεμεῖν — The adjective ἀξιομάχους ('a match in fighting') with ὄντας serves as an object complement describing the reflexive pronoun αὑτοὺς ('themselves'), which is the direct object of θεωροῦντες. The infinitive πολεμεῖν ('to fight') is an epexegetic or limiting infinitive that limits the meaning of the adjective.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §4.57.1-4.57.6. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:4.57.1-4.57.6

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