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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §4.33.1-4.33.12

Campaign of Heracles against Elis and Birth of Telephus

Passage 269 of 406 · Greek

Summary

This section details Heracles' campaigns against Elis and Sparta, including the overthrow of Augeas and Hippocoon. It also recounts the birth of Telephus to Heracles and Auge, his exposure on Mount Parthenion, and his ultimate reunion with his mother in Mysia.

§4.33.1μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Ἡρακλῆς μὲν ἐπανελθὼν εἰς Πελοπόννησον ἐστράτευσεν ἐπʼ Αὐγέαν διὰ τὴν ἀποστέρησιν τοῦ μισθοῦ·
After these events, Heracles returned to the Peloponnese and made an expedition against Augeas because of the deprivation of his reward.
γενομένης δὲ μάχης πρὸς τοὺς Ἠλείους, τότε μὲν ἄπρακτος ἐπανῆλθεν εἰς Ὤλενον πρὸς Δεξαμενόν·
But when a battle took place against the Eleans, at that time he returned without having accomplished anything to Olenus, to Dexamenus.
τῆς δὲ τούτου θυγατρὸς Ἱππολύτης συνοικιζομένης Ἀζᾶνι, συνδειπνῶν Ἡρακλῆς καὶ θεασάμενος ἐν τοῖς γάμοις ὑβρίζοντα τὸν Κένταυρον Εὐρυτίωνα καὶ τὴν Ἱππολύτην βιαζόμενον, ἀπέκτεινεν.
And when the latter's daughter Hippolyte was being married to Azan, Heracles, dining with them and seeing the Centaur Eurytion committing an outrage at the wedding and forcing himself upon Hippolyte, killed him.
§4.33.2εἰς Τίρυνθα δὲ Ἡρακλέους ἐπανελθόντος, Εὐρυσθεὺς αἰτιασάμενος αὐτὸν ἐπιβουλεύειν τῇ βασιλείᾳ προσέταξεν ἀπελθεῖν ἐκ Τίρυνθος αὐτόν τε καὶ τὴν Ἀλκμήνην καὶ Ἰφικλέα καὶ Ἰόλαον.
When Heracles returned to Tiryns, Eurystheus, accusing him of plotting against the kingdom, ordered him, as well as Alcmene, Iphicles, and Iolaus, to depart from Tiryns.
διόπερ ἀναγκασθεὶς ἔφυγε μετὰ τούτων καὶ κατῴκησε §4.33.3τῆς Ἀρκαδίας ἐν Φενεῷ.
Being forced therefore, he fled with them and settled Pheneus in Arcadia.
ἐντεῦθεν δὲ ὁρμώμενος, καὶ πυθόμενος ἐξ Ἤλιδος πομπὴν ἀποστέλλεσθαι Ποσειδῶνι εἰς Ἰσθμόν, καὶ ταύτης ἀφηγεῖσθαι Εὔρυτον τὸν Αὐγέου, προσπεσὼν ἄφνω τὸν Εὔρυτον ἀπέκτεινε περὶ Κλεωνάς, ἔνθα νῦν ἐστιν ἱερὸν Ἡρακλέους.
Setting out from there, and learning that a sacred procession was being sent from Elis to the Isthmus for Poseidon, and that Eurytus, the son of Augeas, was leading it, he fell upon Eurytus suddenly and killed him near Cleonae, where there is now a sanctuary of Heracles.
§4.33.4μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα στρατεύσας ἐπὶ τὴν Ἦλιν τόν τε βασιλέα ἐφόνευσεν Αὐγέαν, καὶ τὴν πόλιν ἑλὼν κατὰ κράτος Φυλέα τὸν Αὐγέου μετεπέμψατο, καὶ τούτῳ τὴν βασιλείαν παρέδωκεν· ἦν γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς πεφυγαδευμένος καθʼ ὃν καιρὸν δικαστὴς γενόμενος τῷ πατρὶ πρὸς Ἡρακλέα περὶ τοῦ μισθοῦ τὸ νίκημα ἀπέδωκεν Ἡρακλεῖ.
After these events, having campaigned against Elis, he killed King Augeas, and having taken the city by storm, he sent for Phyleus, the son of Augeas, and handed over the kingdom to him; for Phyleus had been exiled by his father at the time when, having become an arbitrator between his father and Heracles concerning the reward, he had awarded the victory to Heracles.
§4.33.5μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Ἱπποκόων μὲν ἐφυγάδευσεν ἐκ τῆς Σπάρτης τὸν ἀδελφὸν Τυνδάρεων, Οἰωνὸν δὲ τὸν Λικυμνίου φίλον ὄντα Ἡρακλέους οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ Ἱπποκόωντος εἴκοσι τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὄντες ἀπέκτειναν·
After these events, Hippocoon exiled his brother Tyndareus from Sparta, and the sons of Hippocoon, twenty in number, killed Oeonus, the son of Licymnius, who was a friend of Heracles.
ἐφʼ οἷς ἀγανακτήσας Ἡρακλῆς ἐστράτευσεν ἐπʼ αὐτούς·
Enraged at these actions, Heracles made an expedition against them, and having conquered them in a great battle, he killed a vast number.
μεγάλῃ δὲ μάχῃ νικήσας παμπληθεῖς ἀπέκτεινε. τὴν δὲ Σπάρτην ἑλὼν κατὰ κράτος, κατήγαγεν ἐπὶ τὴν βασιλείαν Τυνδάρεων τὸν πατέρα τῶν Διοσκόρων, καὶ τὴν βασιλείαν ὡς δορίκτητον Τυνδάρεῳ παρέθετο, προστάξας τοῖς ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ γενομένοις φυλάττειν.
Having taken Sparta by storm, he restored Tyndareus, the father of the Dioscuri, to the kingdom, and entrusted the kingdom to Tyndareus as territory won by the spear, commanding his own descendants to guard it.
§4.33.6ἔπεσον δʼ ἐν τῇ μάχῃ τῶν μὲν μεθʼ Ἡρακλέους ὀλίγοι παντελῶς, ἐν οἷς ἦσαν ἐπιφανεῖς ἄνδρες Ἴφικλος καὶ Κηφεὺς καὶ Κηφέως υἱοὶ τὸν ἀριθμὸν ὄντες ἑπτακαίδεκα· τρεῖς γὰρ ἀπὸ τῶν εἴκοσι μόνον διεσώθησαν·
In the battle, of those with Heracles, only a very few fell, among whom were the illustrious men Iphicles and Cepheus, and the sons of Cepheus, seventeen in number; for only three out of the twenty survived.
τῶν δʼ ἐναντίων αὐτός τε ὁ Ἱπποκόων καὶ μετʼ αὐτοῦ δέκα μὲν υἱοί, τῶν δʼ ἄλλων Σπαρτιατῶν παμπληθεῖς.
But of the opponents, there fell both Hippocoon himself and with him ten of his sons, and of the other Spartans a vast number.
§4.33.7ἀπὸ δὲ ταύτης τῆς στρατείας ἐπανιὼν εἰς τὴν Ἀρκαδίαν, καὶ καταλύσας παρὰ Ἄλεῳ τῷ βασιλεῖ, τῇ θυγατρὶ τούτου λάθρᾳ μιγεὶς Αὔγῃ καὶ ταύτην ποιήσας ἔγκυον εἰς Στύμφαλον ἐπανῆλθεν.
Returning from this campaign to Arcadia, and lodging with King Aleus, he secretly lay with his daughter Auge and, having made her pregnant, returned to Stymphalus.
§4.33.8Ἄλεως δʼ ἀγνοῶν τὸ πεπραγμένον, ὡς ὁ τῆς γαστρὸς ὄγκος ἐμήνυσε τὴν φθοράν, ἐζήτει τὸν φθείραντα.
But Aleus, being ignorant of what had been done, when the swelling of her womb revealed her ruin, sought for the one who had ruined her.
τῆς δʼ Αὔγης ἀποφαινομένης ὅτι βιάσαιτο αὐτὴν Ἡρακλῆς, ἀπιστήσας τοῖς ὑπὸ ταύτης λεγομένοις ταύτην μὲν παρέδωκε Ναυπλίῳ φίλῳ καθεστῶτι, καὶ προσέταξε καταποντίσαι.
And when Auge declared that Heracles had forced her, disbelieving the things said by her, he handed her over to Nauplius, who was his friend, and ordered him to drown her.
§4.33.9Αὔγη δʼ ἀπαγομένη εἰς Ναυπλίαν, καὶ γενομένη κατὰ τὸ Παρθένιον ὄρος, ὑπὸ τῶν ὠδίνων καταβαρουμένη παρῆλθεν εἰς τὴν πλησίον ὕλην ὡς ἐπί τινα χρείαν ἀναγκαίαν· τεκοῦσα δὲ παιδίον ἄρρεν ἀπέλιπε τὸ βρέφος εἴς τινας θάμνους κρύψασα.
Auge, being led away to Nauplia, and coming near Mount Parthenion, when she was weighed down by the pangs of labor, went aside into the nearby wood as if for some unavoidable necessity; and having given birth to a male child, she left the infant hidden in some bushes.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα Αὔγη μὲν ἀπηλλάγη πρὸς τὸν Ναύπλιον, καὶ καταντήσασα τῆς Ἀργείας εἰς τὸν ἐν Ναυπλίᾳ λιμένα παραδόξου σωτηρίας ἔτυχεν·
After this, Auge departed to Nauplius, and arriving in the Argolid at the harbor in Nauplia, she met with an unexpected salvation.
§4.33.10ὁ γὰρ Ναύπλιος καταποντίσαι μὲν αὐτὴν κατὰ τὰς ἐντολὰς οὐκ ἔκρινε, ξένοις δέ τισι Καρσὶν ἀναγομένοις εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν δωρήσασθαι· οὗτοι δʼ ἀπαγαγόντες εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν ἀπέδοντο τὴν Αὔγην τῷ βασιλεῖ τῆς Μυσίας Τεύθραντι.
For Nauplius decided not to drown her according to the commands, but to give her as a gift to some Carian strangers who were putting to sea for Asia; and they, having carried her away to Asia, sold Auge to Teuthras, the king of Mysia.
§4.33.11τὸ δʼ ἀπολειφθὲν ἐν τῷ Παρθενίῳ βρέφος ὑπὸ τῆς Αὔγης βουκόλοι τινὲς Κορύθου τοῦ βασιλέως εὑρόντες ὑπό τινος ἐλάφου τῷ μαστῷ τρεφόμενον, ἐδωρήσαντο τῷ δεσπότῃ.
But the infant left behind on Mount Parthenion by Auge was found by some herdsmen of King Corythus, being nourished by the teat of a certain hind, and they presented it as a gift to their master.
ὁ δὲ Κόρυθος παραλαβὼν τὸ παιδίον ἀσμένως ὡς ἴδιον υἱὸν ἔτρεφε, προσαγορεύσας Τήλεφον ὰπὸ τῆς τρεφούσης ἐλάφου.
And Corythus, receiving the child gladly, brought him up as his own son, naming him Telephus after the hind that nourished him.
Τήλεφος δʼ ἀνδρωθεὶς καὶ τὴν μητέρα μαθεῖν σπεύδων, παρῆλθεν εἰς Δελφούς, καὶ χρησμὸν ἔλαβε πλεῖν εἰς τὴν Μυσίαν πρὸς Τεύθραντα τὸν βασιλέα.
Telephus, having grown to manhood and being eager to learn about his mother, went to Delphi and received an oracle to sail to Mysia to King Teuthras.
§4.33.12ἀνευρὼν δὲ τὴν μητέρα, καὶ γνωσθεὶς τίνος ἦν πατρός, ἀποδοχῆς ἐτύγχανε τῆς μεγίστης.
Having found his mother and been recognized as to who his father was, he met with the greatest reception.
ὁ δὲ Τεύθρας ἄπαις ὢν ἀρρένων παίδων τὴν θυγατέρα Ἀργιόπην συνῴκισε τῷ Τηλέφῳ, καὶ διάδοχον ἀπέδειξε τῆς βασιλείας.
And Teuthras, being childless of male children, married his daughter Argiope to Telephus and declared him successor to the kingdom.

Notes

  1. §4.33.1τῆς δὲ τούτου θυγατρὸς Ἱππολύτης συνοικιζομένης Ἀζᾶνι — Meaning "when his daughter Hippolyte was being married to Azan." This is a genitive absolute construction expressing time. "τούτου" (his) refers to Dexamenus mentioned just before.
  2. §4.33.4δικαστὴς γενόμενος τῷ πατρὶ πρὸς Ἡρακλέα — Meaning "having become an arbitrator between his father and Heracles." The dative "τῷ πατρὶ" and the prepositional phrase "πρὸς Ἡρακλέα" designate the two opposing parties in the dispute and modify "δικαστὴς".
  3. §4.33.5τοῖς ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ γενομένοις — The reflexive pronoun "ἑαυτοῦ" refers to the subject of the main clause, Heracles, meaning "his own (future) descendants." It indicates that Heracles entrusted the kingdom to Tyndareus and commanded his own descendants to guard and preserve it.
  4. §4.33.9ὡς ἐπί τινα χρείαν ἀναγκαίαν — The conjunction "ὡς" expresses a subjective reason or pretext, indicating that Auge made a pretext "as if for some unavoidable necessity" (such as a call of nature).

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §4.33.1-4.33.12. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:4.33.1-4.33.12

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