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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §4.28.1-4.28.4

Amazon Invasion of Attica and the Battle with Theseus

Passage 264 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The Amazons ally with the Scythians to invade Attica in revenge, but are defeated by the Athenian forces under Theseus, during which Theseus' wife Antiope is heroically killed.

§4.28.1τοῦ δʼ Ἡρακλέους περὶ ταῦτʼ ὄντος φασὶ τὰς ὑπολειφθείσας Ἀμαζόνας περὶ τὸν Θερμώδοντα ποταμὸν ἀθροισθείσας πανδημεὶ σπεῦσαι τοὺς Ἕλληνας ἀμύνασθαι περὶ ὧν Ἡρακλῆς στρατεύσας διειργάσατο.
While Heracles was occupied with these matters, they say that the remaining Amazons, having gathered in full force about the Thermodon river, hastened to avenge themselves on the Greeks for the things which Heracles had done by his expedition.
διαφορώτατα δὲ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους ἐφιλοτιμοῦντο διὰ τὸ τὸν Θησέα καταδεδουλῶσθαι τὴν ἡγεμόνα τῶν Ἀμαζόνων Ἀντιόπην, ὡς δʼ ἔνιοι γράφουσιν, Ἱππολύτην.
And they were especially hostile toward the Athenians because Theseus had enslaved Antiope, the leader of the Amazons, or, as some write, Hippolyte.
§4.28.2συστρατευσάντων δὲ τῶν Σκυθῶν θῶν ταῖς Ἀμαζόσι συνέβη δύναμιν ἀξιόλογον ἀθροισθῆναι, μεθʼ ἧς αἱ προηγούμεναι τῶν Ἀμαζονίδων περαιωθεῖσαι τὸν Κιμμέριον Βόσπορον προῆγον διὰ τῆς Θρᾴκης.
And since the Scythians joined in the expedition with the Amazons, it came about that a remarkable force was assembled, with which the leaders of the Amazons, having crossed the Cimmerian Bosporus, advanced through Thrace.
τέλος δὲ πολλὴν τῆς Εὐρώπης ἐπελθοῦσαι κατήντησαν εἰς τὴν Ἀττικήν, καὶ κατεστρατοπέδευσαν ὅπου νῦν ἐστι τὸ καλούμενον ἀπʼ ἐκείνων Ἀμαζονεῖον.
Finally, having traversed much of Europe, they arrived in Attica, and encamped where there is now the place called after them the Amazoneum.
§4.28.3Θησεὺς δὲ πυθόμενος τὴν τῶν Ἀμαζόνων ἔφοδον ἐβοήθει ταῖς πολιτικαῖς δυνάμεσιν, ἔχων μεθʼ ἑαυτοῦ τὴν Ἀμαζονίδα Ἀντιόπην, ἐξ ἧς ἦν πεπαιδοποιημένος υἱὸν Ἱππόλυτον.
Theseus, having learned of the invasion of the Amazons, went to the rescue with the civic forces, having with him the Amazon Antiope, by whom he had begotten a son, Hippolytus.
συνάψας δὲ μάχην ταῖς Ἀμαζόσι, καὶ τῶν Ἀθηναίων ὑπερεχόντων ταῖς ἀνδραγαθίαις, ἐνίκησαν οἱ περὶ τὸν Θησέα, καὶ τῶν ἀντιταχθεισῶν Ἀμαζονίδων ἃς μὲν κατέκοψαν, ἃς δʼ ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς ἐξέβαλον.
And having joined battle with the Amazons, since the Athenians excelled in valor, the party of Theseus won the victory, and of the Amazons drawn up against them, some they cut down, and others they expelled from Attica.
§4.28.4συνέβη δὲ καὶ τὴν Ἀντιόπην συναγωνισαμένην τἀνδρὶ Θησεῖ, καὶ κατὰ τὴν μάχην ἀριστεύουσαν, ἡρωικῶς καταστρέψαι τὸν βίον.
And it happened that Antiope, fighting on the side of her husband Theseus and distinguishing herself in the battle, met her death heroically.
αἱ δʼ ὑπολειφθεῖσαι τῶν Ἀμαζόνων ἀπογνοῦσαι τὴν πατρῴαν γῆν, ἐπανῆλθον μετὰ τῶν Σκυθῶν εἰς τὴν Σκυθίαν καὶ μετʼ ἐκείνων κατῴκησαν.
The remaining Amazons, despairing of their native land, returned with the Scythians to Scythia and settled among them.
ἡμεῖς δʼ ἀρκούντως περὶ τούτων διεληλυθότες ἐπάνιμεν πάλιν ἐπὶ τὰς Ἡρακλέους πράξεις.
But we, having sufficiently discussed these matters, will return once more to the deeds of Heracles.

Notes

  1. §4.28.1περὶ ὧν — The relative pronoun ὧν absorbs its antecedent and stands for περὶ τούτων ἃ ... (concerning those things which...). The direct object (accusative ἃ) of the verb διειργάσατο within the relative clause has undergone genitive attraction due to the governing preposition περὶ of the main clause, or the antecedent τούτων has been omitted.
  2. §4.28.1διὰ τὸ τὸν Θησέα καταδεδουλῶσθαι — The causal construction 'διὰ τὸ + accusative + infinitive'. The accusative τὸν Θησέα is the subject of the perfect infinitive καταδεδουλῶσθαι (used here with active/transitive force, 'to have subdued' or 'taken as a subject wife'), while τὴν ἡγεμόνα τῶν Ἀμαζόνων Ἀντιόπην is its direct object.
  3. §4.28.2συστρατευσάντων δὲ τῶν Σκυθῶν ¦p.v.1.p.440¦ θῶν — A textual corruption exists showing a repetition of Σκυθῶν and θῶν, which is likely a scribal error associated with a page turn or line division in the manuscript. Syntactically, it functions as a genitive absolute (συστρατευσάντων ... τῶν Σκυθῶν) with τῶν Σκυθῶν as the subject.
  4. §4.28.3τῶν ἀντιταχθεισῶν Ἀμαζονίδων — The genitive τῶν ἀντιταχθεισῶν Ἀμαζονίδων is a partitive genitive qualifying the subsequent contrastive pronouns ἃς μὲν ... ἃς δʼ ('some ... others').

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §4.28.1-4.28.4. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:4.28.1-4.28.4

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