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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §3.55.1-3.55.11

Queen Myrina's Eastern Expeditions, Foundations, and Death

Passage 216 of 406 · Greek

Summary

The narrative relates the rebellion of the captives against the Amazons, Queen Myrina's campaigns and city foundations in the Eastern Mediterranean, and her eventual death in battle against the Thracians led by Mopsus.

§3.55.1τῶν δʼ Ἀμαζόνων νυκτὸς τὰ περὶ τὰς φυλακὰς ῥᾳθυμουσῶν διὰ τὴν εὐημερίαν, ἐπιθεμένας τὰς αἰχμαλωτίδας, σπασαμένας τὰ ξίφη τῶν δοκουσῶν κεκρατηκέναι πολλὰς ἀνελεῖν· τέλος δὲ τοῦ πλήθους αὐτὰς πανταχόθεν περιχυθέντος εὐγενῶς μαχομένας ἁπάσας κατακοπῆναι.
Since the Amazons grew careless about their guards at night because of their success, the captive women attacked them, and having drawn the swords of those who believed they had conquered them, they slew many; but in the end, since the multitude poured around them from all sides, fighting nobly they were all cut down.
§3.55.2τὴν δὲ Μύριναν θάψασαν τὰς ἀναιρεθείσας τῶν συστρατευουσῶν ἐν τρισὶ πυραῖς χωμάτων μεγάλων ἐπιστῆσαι τάφους τρεῖς, οὓς μέχρι τοῦ νῦν Ἀμαζόνων σωροὺς ὀνομάζεσθαι.
And Myrina, having buried those of her fellow-soldiers who had been slain on three funeral pyres, raised three mounds of great earth-works as tombs, which down to the present time are called the Mounds of the Amazons.
§3.55.3τὰς δὲ Γοργόνας ἐν τοῖς ὕστερον χρόνοις αὐξηθείσας πάλιν ὑπὸ Περσέως τοῦ Διὸς καταπολεμηθῆναι, καθʼ ὃν καιρὸν ἐβασίλευεν αὐτῶν Μέδουσα· τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον ὑφʼ Ἡρακλέους ἄρδην ἀναιρεθῆναι ταύτας τε καὶ τὸ τῶν Ἀμαζόνων ἔθνος, καθʼ ὃν καιρὸν τοὺς πρὸς ἑσπέραν τόπους ἐπελθὼν ἔθετο τὰς ἐπὶ τῆς Λιβύης στήλας, δεινὸν ἡγούμενος, εἰ προελόμενος τὸ γένος κοινῇ τῶν ἀνθρώπων εὐεργετεῖν περιόψεταί τινα τῶν ἐθνῶν γυναικοκρατούμενα.
And in later times, when the Gorgons had grown powerful again, they were conquered by Perseus, the son of Zeus, at the time when Medusa was reigning over them; and finally both they and the nation of the Amazons were utterly destroyed by Heracles, at the time when he, having overrun the regions toward the west, set up the pillars in Libya, since he deemed it a monstrous thing if, after choosing to benefit the race of mankind in common, he should overlook any of the nations being ruled by women.
λέγεται δὲ καὶ τὴν Τριτωνίδα λίμνην σεισμῶν γενομένων ἀφανισθῆναι, ῥαγέντων αὐτῆς τῶν πρὸς τὸν ὠκεανὸν μερῶν κεκλιμένων.
And it is said also that Lake Tritonis disappeared because of earthquakes, when those parts of it which inclined toward the ocean were broken through.
§3.55.4τὴν δὲ Μύρινάν φασι τῆς τε Λιβύης τὴν πλείστην ἐπελθεῖν, καὶ παραβαλοῦσαν εἰς Αἴγυπτον πρὸς μὲν Ὧρον τὸν Ἴσιδος βασιλεύοντα τότε τῆς Αἰγύπτου φιλίαν συνθέσθαι, πρὸς δʼ Ἄραβας διαπολεμήσασαν καὶ πολλοὺς αὐτῶν ἀνελοῦσαν, τὴν μὲν Συρίαν καταστρέψασθαι, τῶν δὲ Κιλίκων ἀπαντησάντων αὐτῇ μετὰ δώρων καὶ τὸ κελευόμενον ποιήσειν ὁμολογούντων, ἐλευθέρους ἀφεῖναι τοὺς ἑκουσίως προσχωρήσαντας, οὓς ἀπὸ ταύτης τῆς αἰτίας μέχρι τοῦ νῦν Ἐλευθεροκίλικας καλεῖσθαι.
And they say that Myrina overrun most of Libya, and having visited Egypt, she concluded a friendship with Horus, the son of Isis, who was then king of Egypt, and having warred to the end against the Arabs and slain many of them, she subdued Syria; and when the Cilicians met her with gifts and agreed to do what was commanded, she left free those who surrendered voluntarily, who for this reason down to the present time are called the Free Cilicians.
§3.55.5καταπολεμῆσαι δʼ αὐτὴν καὶ τὰ περὶ τὸν Ταῦρον ἔθνη, διάφορα ταῖς ἀλκαῖς ὄντα, καὶ διὰ Φρυγίας τῆς μεγάλης ἐπὶ θάλατταν καταβῆναι· ἑξῆς δὲ τὴν παραθαλάττιον χώραν προσαγαγομένην ὅρους θέσθαι τῆς στρατείας τὸν Κάικον ποταμόν.
And she also conquered the nations around the Taurus, which were outstanding in valor, and descended through Greater Phrygia to the sea; and next, having subdued the coastal region, she made the Caicus River the boundary of her campaign.
§3.55.6τῆς δὲ δορικτήτου χώρας ἐκλεξαμένην τοὺς εὐθέτους τόπους εἰς πόλεων κτίσεις οἰκοδομῆσαι πλείους πόλεις, καὶ τούτων ὁμώνυμον μίαν ἑαυτῇ κτίσαι, τὰς δʼ ἄλλας ἀπὸ τῶν τὰς ἡγεμονίας τὰς μεγίστας ἐχουσῶν, Κύμην, Πιτάναν, Πριήνην.
And selecting from the land won by the spear the places well-suited for the founding of cities, she built several cities, and of these she founded one of the same name as herself, and the others after those women who held the chief commands, namely Cyme, Pitane, and Priene.
§3.55.7ταύτας μὲν οὖν οἰκίσαι παρὰ θάλατταν, ἄλλας δὲ πλείους ἐν τοῖς πρὸς μεσόγειον ἀνήκουσι τόποις.
These indeed she settled along the sea, and many others in the regions extending toward the interior.
κατασχεῖν δʼ αὐτὴν καὶ τῶν νήσων τινάς, καὶ μάλιστα τὴν Λέσβον, ἐν ᾗ κτίσαι πόλιν Μυτιλήνην ὁμώνυμον τῇ μετεχούσῃ τῆς στρατείας ἀδελφῇ.
And she also took possession of some of the islands, and especially Lesbos, in which she founded a city Mytilene of the same name as her sister who shared in the campaign.
§3.55.8ἔπειτα καὶ τῶν ἄλλων νήσων τινὰς καταστρεφομένην χειμασθῆναι, καὶ ποιησαμένην τῇ μητρὶ τῶν θεῶν εὐχὰς ὑπὲρ τῆς σωτηρίας προσενεχθῆναι νήσῳ τινὶ τῶν ἐρήμων· ταύτην δὲ κατά τινα ἐν τοῖς ὀνείροις φαντασίαν καθιερῶσαι τῇ προειρημένῃ θεῷ καὶ βωμοὺς ἱδρύσασθαι καὶ θυσίας μεγαλοπρεπεῖς ἐπιτελέσαι· ὀνομάσαι δʼ αὐτὴν Σαμοθρᾴκην, ὅπερ εἶναι μεθερμηνευόμενον εἰς τὴν Ἑλληνικὴν διάλεκτον ἱερὰν νῆσον· ἔνιοι δὲ τῶν ἱστορικῶν λέγουσι τὸ πρὸ τοῦ Σάμον αὐτὴν καλουμένην ὑπὸ τῶν κατοικούντων ἐν αὐτῇ ποτε Θρᾳκῶν Σαμοθρᾴκην ὀνομασθῆναι.
Afterward, while she was subduing some of the other islands, she was caught in a storm, and having made vows for her safety to the Mother of the Gods, she was carried to one of the uninhabited islands; and in accordance with a certain vision in her dreams, she consecrated this island to the aforementioned goddess, established altars, and performed magnificent sacrifices; and she named it Samothrace, which means, when translated into the Greek language, "sacred island"; but some of the historians say that having been called Samos before this, it was named Samothrace by the Thracians who once inhabited it.
§3.55.9οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ τῶν Ἀμαζόνων ἐπανελθουσῶν εἰς τὴν ἤπειρον μυθολογοῦσι τὴν μητέρα τῶν θεῶν εὐαρεστηθεῖσαν τῇ νήσῳ ἄλλους τέ τινας ἐν αὐτῇ κατοικίσαι καὶ τοὺς ἑαυτῆς υἱοὺς τοὺς ὀνομαζομένους Κορύβαντας· ἐξ οὗ δʼ εἰσὶ πατρὸς ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ κατὰ τὴν τελετὴν παραδίδοσθαι· καταδεῖξαι δὲ καὶ τὰ νῦν ἐν αὐτῇ συντελούμενα μυστήρια καὶ τὸ τέμενος ἄσυλον νομοθετῆσαι.
Moreover, after the Amazons returned to the continent, they mythologize that the Mother of the Gods, being well pleased with the island, settled other people in it and also her own sons, those who are named Corybantes; but from what father they are sprung is handed down in secret during the initiation; and she established the mysteries which are performed in it now and legislated that the precinct should be a sanctuary of refuge.
§3.55.10περὶ δὲ τούτους τοὺς χρόνους Μόψον τὸν Θρᾷκα, φυγάδα γενόμενον ὑπὸ Λυκούργου τοῦ βασιλέως τῶν Θρᾳκῶν, ἐμβαλεῖν εἰς τὴν χώραν τῶν Ἀμαζόνων μετὰ στρατιᾶς τῆς συνεκπεσούσης αὐτῷ· συστρατεῦσαι δὲ καὶ Σίπυλον τῷ Μόψῳ τὸν Σκύθην, πεφυγαδευμένον ὁμοίως ἐκ τῆς ὁμόρου τῇ Θρᾴκῃ Σκυθίας.
And about these times, Mopsus the Thracian, having become an exile because of Lycurgus, the king of the Thracians, invaded the country of the Amazons with an army which had been exiled along with him; and Sipylus the Scythian also campaigned with Mopsus, having been likewise exiled from Scythia which was neighboring to Thrace.
§3.55.11γενομένης δὲ παρατάξεως, καὶ τῶν περὶ τὸν Σίπυλον καὶ Μόψον προτερησάντων, τήν τε βασίλισσαν τῶν Ἀμαζόνων Μύριναν ἀναιρεθῆναι καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τὰς πλείους.
And when a pitched battle took place, and those under Sipylus and Mopsus gained the upper hand, Myrina the queen of the Amazons was slain and most of the others.
τοῦ δὲ χρόνου προβαίνοντος, καὶ κατὰ τὰς μάχας ἀεὶ τῶν Θρᾳκῶν ἐπικρατούντων, τὸ τελευταῖον τὰς περιλειφθείσας τῶν Ἀμαζόνων ἀνακάμψαι πάλιν εἰς Λιβύην.
And as time went on, and the Thracians were always prevailing in the battles, finally the remaining Amazons retreated back into Libya.
καὶ τὴν μὲν στρατείαν τῶν ἀπὸ Λιβύης Ἀμαζόνων μυθολογοῦσι τοιοῦτο λαβεῖν τὸ πέρας.
And they mythologize that the campaign of the Amazons from Libya took such an end.

Notes

  1. 3.55.1τῶν δοκουσῶν κεκρατηκέναι — The genitive participle `δοκουσῶν` (along with its complementary infinitive `κεκρατηκέναι`) refers to the women who "believed they had conquered" the captives (i.e., the Amazons). The subsequent `πολλάς` (many) is the accusative object of the infinitive `ἀνελεῖν` (slew), referring back to those Amazons.
  2. 3.55.3δεινὸν ἡγούμενος, εἰ ... περιόψεται — The conditional clause with `εἰ` + future indicative (`περιόψεται`) serves as a substantive clause expressing the content of the judgment "deemed it a monstrous thing" (with the impersonal adjective `δεινόν`). It explains the ground for Heracles' subjective decision.
  3. 3.55.6ἀπὸ τῶν τὰς ἡγεμονίας τὰς μεγίστας ἐχουσῶν — A feminine noun (such as `γυναικῶν`) is omitted after the genitive article `τῶν` following the preposition `ἀπό`, meaning "after the women who held the chief commands." The subsequent proper names `Cyme, Pitane, and Priene` are placed in apposition as concrete examples.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §3.55.1-3.55.11. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:3.55.1-3.55.11

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