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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §3.16.1-3.16.7

Fish Preparation, Preservation, and Emergency Food of the Fish-Eaters

Passage 177 of 406 · Greek

Summary

Describes the unique fish preparation and preservation methods (brick-like dried food) of the Ichthyophagi, and details how they survive emergencies like high tides by eating shellfish and fish-bones.

§3.16.1ἐπειδὰν δʼ ἀθροίσωσιν ἰχθύων παντοδαπῶν πλῆθος, μεταφέρουσι τοὺς ληφθέντας καὶ πάντας ὀπτῶσιν ἐπὶ τῶν πετρῶν τῶν ἐγκεκλιμένων πρὸς μεσημβρίαν.
And when they have gathered a multitude of all kinds of fish, they carry away those that have been caught and bake them all upon the stones that slope toward the south.
διαπύρων δʼ οὐσῶν διὰ τὴν τοῦ καύματος ὑπερβολήν, βραχὺν ἐάσαντες χρόνον στρέφουσι, κἄπειτα τῆς οὐρᾶς λαμβανόμενοι σείουσι τὸν ὅλον ὄγκον.
Since these stones are white-hot because of the excessive heat, after leaving them for a short time they turn them, and then, taking hold of them by the tail, they shake the whole mass.
§3.16.2καὶ αἱ μὲν σάρκες θρυπτόμεναι διὰ τὴν θερμασίαν ἀποπίπτουσιν, αἱ δʼ ἄκανθαι ῥιπτούμεναι πρὸς ἕνα τόπον μέγαν σωρὸν ἀποτελοῦσιν, ἀθροιζόμεναι χρείας ἕνεκεν περὶ ἧς μικρὸν ὕστερον ἐροῦμεν.
Then the flesh, crumbling because of the heat, falls away, while the bones, being thrown into one place, form a great heap, being gathered together for a use of which we shall speak a little later.
μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα τὰς μὲν σάρκας ἐπί τινος λεωπετρίας κατατιθέμενοι πατοῦσιν ἐπιμελῶς ἐφʼ ἱκανὸν χρόνον καὶ καταμίσγουσι τὸν τοῦ παλιούρου καρπόν·
After this, they place the flesh upon a flat rock and tread it carefully for a sufficient time, and mix in the fruit of the paliurus.
§3.16.3τούτου γὰρ συναναχρωσθέντος τὸ πᾶν γίνεται χρῆμα κολλῶδες· καὶ δοκεῖ τοῦτο καθάπερ ἡδύσματος παρʼ αὐτοῖς ἔχειν τάξιν.
For when this fruit is mixed in, the whole mass becomes a sticky substance; and this seems to hold the place of a relish among them.
τὸ δὲ τελευταῖον τὸ καλῶς πατηθὲν εἰς πλινθίδας παραμήκεις τυποῦντες τιθέασιν εἰς τὸν ἥλιον· ἃς συμμέτρως ξηρανθείσας καθίσαντες κατευωχοῦνται, οὐ μὴν πρὸς μέτρον ἢ σταθμὸν ἐσθίοντες, ἀλλὰ πρὸς τὴν ἰδίαν ἑκάστου βούλησιν, τὴν φυσικὴν ὄρεξιν ἔχοντες τῆς ἀπολαύσεως περιγραφήν·
Finally, shaping the well-trodden substance into oblong bricks, they place them in the sun; and when these are moderately dried, they sit down and feast upon them, eating not indeed by measure or weight, but according to each one's own desire, having their natural appetite as the limit of their enjoyment.
§3.16.4ἀνεκλείπτοις γὰρ καὶ διὰ παντὸς ἑτοίμοις χρῶνται ταμιεύμασιν, ὡς ἂν τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος τὸ τῆς Δήμητρος ἔργον μετειληφότος.
For they enjoy provisions which are inexhaustible and always ready, as if Poseidon had taken over the task of Demeter.
ἐνίοτε δὲ τηλικοῦτον ἐκ τοῦ πελάγους εἰς τὴν χέρσον κυλινδεῖται κῦμα καὶ τὰς ῥαχίας ἐφʼ ἡμέρας πολλὰς κατακλύζει λάβρον, ὥστε μηδένα δύνασθαι τοῖς τόποις προσεγγίζειν.
But sometimes so great a wave rolls from the deep upon the land and floods the rocky shores violently for many days, that no one is able to approach those places.
§3.16.5διόπερ κατὰ τούτους τοὺς καιροὺς σπανίζοντες τροφῆς τὸ μὲν πρῶτον τοὺς κόγχους συλλέγουσι, τηλικούτους τὸ μέγεθος ὧν εὑρίσκονταί τινες τετραμναῖοι·
Therefore, being in want of food at these times, they first gather the shellfish, some of which are found of so great a size as to weigh four minae.
τὰ μὲν γὰρ κύτη συντρίβουσι λίθους εὐμεγέθεις ἐμβάλλοντες, τὴν δʼ ἐντὸς σάρκα κατεσθίουσιν σθίουσιν ὠμήν, τῆς γεύσεως οὔσης παρεμφεροῦς τοῖς ὀστρέοις.
For they break their shells by throwing large stones upon them, and eat the flesh within raw, its taste being similar to that of oysters.
§3.16.6ἐπὰν δὲ διὰ τὴν συνέχειαν τῶν πνευμάτων ἐπὶ πλείονα χρόνον πλήθειν συμβαίνῃ τὸν ὠκεανόν, καὶ τὴν εἰωθυῖαν θήραν τῶν ἰχθύων ἐκκλείσῃ τὸ τῆς περιστάσεως ἀδύνατον, ἐπὶ τοὺς κόγχους, ὡς εἴρηται, τρέπονται.
And whenever, because of the continuous winds, it happens that the ocean remains full for a longer time, and the impossibility of the situation prevents their customary catching of fish, they turn, as has been said, to the shellfish.
εἰ δὲ ἡ ἐκ τῶν κόγχων τροφὴ σπανίζει, καταφεύγουσιν ἐπὶ τὸν τῶν ἀκανθῶν σωρόν·
But if the food from the shellfish also runs short, they resort to the heap of fish-bones.
§3.16.7ἐκ τούτου γὰρ ἐκλέγοντες τὰς ἐγχύλους καὶ προσφάτους τῶν ἀκανθῶν διαιροῦσι κατʼ ἄρθρον, καὶ τὰς μὲν αὐτόθεν τοῖς ὀδοῦσι κατεργάζονται, τὰς δὲ σκληρὰς λίθοις θραύοντες καὶ προϋπεργαζόμενοι κατεσθίουσι, παραπλησίαν διάθεσιν ἔχοντες τοῖς φωλεύουσι τῶν θηρίων.
For selecting from this heap the bones which are juicy and fresh, they divide them at the joints, and some they master on the spot with their teeth, while the hard ones they crush with stones and, having pre-processed them, eat them, having a condition very similar to that of beasts which live in dens.

Notes

  1. 3.16.1διαπύρων δʼ οὐσῶν — This is a genitive absolute construction, but the feminine plural genitive pronoun or noun serving as the subject of the participle οὐσῶν is omitted. Contextually, αὐτῶν (referring back to the stones, ἐπὶ τῶν πετρῶν in the preceding sentence) must be supplied.
  2. 3.16.3τὴν φυσικὴν ὄρεξιν ἔχοντες τῆς ἀπολαύσεως περιγραφήν — This is a double accusative structure where τὴν φυσικὴν ὄρεξιν is the direct object of ἔχοντες, and τῆς ἀπολαύσεως περιγραφήν functions as the predicate accusative (meaning 'having/treating the natural appetite as the limit of their enjoyment').
  3. 3.16.4ὡς ἂν τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος τὸ τῆς Δήμητρος ἔργον μετειληφότος — The combination of the particle ὡς ἄν with the genitive absolute (τοῦ Ποσειδῶνος ... μετειληφότος) expresses a hypothetical or potential comparison ('as if Poseidon had taken over the task of Demeter'), employing metonymy where Poseidon represents the sea and Demeter represents agriculture/earth's grain.
  4. 3.16.5τηλικούτους τὸ μέγεθος ὧν εὑρίσκονταί τινες τετραμναῖοι — The relative pronoun ὧν refers back to τοὺς κόγχους and acts as a partitive genitive. τὸ μέγεθος is an accusative of respect modifying τηλικούτους ('so great in respect to size'). The clause translates to 'shellfish, of which some are found so large in size as to weigh four minae'.
  5. 3.16.6τὸ τῆς περιστάσεως ἀδύνατον — The substantivized neuter singular adjective τὸ ἀδύνατον is combined with the genitive noun τῆς περιστάσεως ('the impossibility of the situation'), functioning as the grammatical subject and representing the abstract concept of the physical impossibility of fishing under those circumstances.

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §3.16.1-3.16.7. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:3.16.1-3.16.7

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