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Diodorus Siculus · Bibliotheca Historica §2.6.1-2.6.10

Semiramis's Capture of Bactra and Marriage to Ninus

Passage 106 of 406 · Greek

Summary

King Ninus besieges the Bactrian capital of Bactra but struggles due to its strength. Semiramis, the wife of Onnes, arrives and uses her cleverness to scale and capture the acropolis, leading to the city's fall. Impressed by her, Ninus forces Onnes to yield her, driving him to suicide, and makes her his queen.

§2.6.1ὁ δʼ οὖν Νίνος μετὰ τοσαύτης δυνάμεως στρατεύσας εἰς τὴν Βακτριανὴν ἠναγκάζετο, δυσειδβόλων τῶν τόπων καὶ στενῶν ὄντων, κατὰ μέρος ἄγειν τὴν δύναμιν.
Ninus, then, having campaigned into Bactriana with so great a force, was compelled, since the places were difficult of entry and narrow, to lead his force in parts.
§2.6.2ἡ γὰρ Βακτριανὴ χώρα πολλαῖς καὶ μεγάλαις οἰκουμένη πόλεσι μίαν μὲν εἶχεν ἐπιφανεστάτην, ἐν ᾗ συνέβαινεν εἶναι καὶ τὰ βασίλεια· αὕτη δʼ ἐκαλεῖτο μὲν Βάκτρα, μεγέθει δὲ καὶ τῇ κατὰ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν ὀχυρότητι πολὺ πασῶν διέφερε.
For the Bactrian country, being inhabited by many large cities, had one that was the most illustrious, in which the palace also happened to be; this was called Bactra, and in size and in the strength of its acropolis it far surpassed all the others.
βασιλεύων δʼ αὐτῆς Ὀξυάρτης κατέγραψεν ἅπαντας τοὺς ἐν ἡλικίᾳ στρατείας ὄντας, οἳ τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἠθροίσθησαν εἰς τετταράκοντα μυριάδας.
And Oxyartes, who was king of it, registered all those who were of military age, who in number were assembled to forty myriads.
§2.6.3ἀναλαβὼν οὖν τὴν δύναμιν καὶ τοῖς πολεμίοις ἀπαντήσας περὶ τὰς εἰσβολάς, εἴασε μέρος τῆς τοῦ Νίνου στρατιᾶς εἰσβαλεῖν· ἐπεὶ δʼ ἔδοξεν ἱκανὸν ἀποβεβηκέναι τῶν πολεμίων πλῆθος εἰς τὸ πεδίον, ἐξέταξε τὴν ἰδίαν δύναμιν.
Taking up his force, therefore, and meeting the enemy near the passes, he allowed a part of Ninus's army to enter; but when it seemed that a sufficient multitude of the enemy had descended into the plain, he drew up his own force.
γενομένης δὲ μάχης ἰσχυρᾶς οἱ Βακτριανοὶ τοὺς Ἀσσυρίους τρεψάμενοι καὶ τὸν διωγμὸν μέχρι τῶν ὑπερκειμένων ὀρῶν ποιησάμενοι διέφθειραν τῶν πολεμίων εἰς δέκα μυριάδας.
A fierce battle having taken place, the Bactrians turned the Assyrians to flight, and having made the pursuit as far as the overlying mountains, they destroyed about ten myriads of the enemy.
§2.6.4μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα πάσης τῆς δυνάμεως εἰσβαλούσης, κρατούμενοι τοῖς πλήθεσι κατὰ πόλεις ἀπεχώρησαν, ἕκαστοι ταῖς ἰδίαις πατρίσι βοηθήσοντες.
But after this, when the entire force entered, being overpowered by the multitudes they withdrew to the cities, each to help their own homelands.
τὰς μὲν οὖν ἄλλας ὁ Νίνος ἐχειρώσατο ῥᾳδίως, τὰ δὲ Βάκτρα διά τε τὴν ὀχυρότητα καὶ τὴν ἐν αὐτῇ παρασκευὴν ἠδυνάτει κατὰ κράτος ἑλεῖν.
Now the other cities Ninus subdued easily, but Bactra, because of both its strength and the preparation in it, he was unable to take by storm.
§2.6.5πολυχρονίου δὲ τῆς πολιορκίας γινομένης, ὁ τῆς Σεμιράμιδος ἀνήρ, ἐρωτικῶς ἔχων πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκα καὶ συστρατευόμενος τῷ βασιλεῖ, μετεπέμψατο τὴν ἄνθρωπον.
And as the siege was becoming long-protracted, the husband of Semiramis, being passionately in love with his wife and campaigning together with the king, sent for the woman.
ἡ δὲ συνέσει καὶ τόλμῃ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς πρὸς ἐπιφάνειαν συντείνουσι κεχορηγημένη καιρὸν ἔλαβεν ἐπιδείξασθαι τὴν ἰδίαν ἀρετήν.
She, being gifted with intelligence and daring and all other qualities that tend toward distinction, found an opportunity to display her own excellence.
§2.6.6πρῶτον μὲν οὖν πολλῶν ἡμερῶν ὁδὸν μέλλουσα διαπορεύεσθαι στολὴν ἐπραγματεύσατο διʼ ἧς οὐκ ἦν διαγνῶναι τὸν περιβεβλημένον πότερον ἀνήρ ἐστιν ἢ γυνή.
First of all, then, since she was about to travel a journey of many days, she devised a dress by which it was impossible to discern whether the wearer was a man or a woman.
αὕτη δʼ ἦν εὔχρηστος αὐτῇ πρός τε τὰς ἐν τοῖς καύμασιν ὁδοιπορίας εἰς τὸ διατηρῆσαι τὸν τοῦ σώματος χρῶτα καὶ πρὸς τὰς ἐν τῷ πράττειν ὃ βούλοιτο χρείας, εὐκίνητος οὖσα καὶ νεανική, καὶ τὸ σύνολον τοσαύτη τις ἐπῆν αὐτῇ χάρις ὥσθʼ ὕστερον Μήδους ἡγησαμένους τῆς Ἀσίας φορεῖν τὴν Σεμιράμιδος στολήν, καὶ μετὰ ταῦθʼ ὁμοίως Πέρσας.
This was highly useful to her both for traveling in hot weather for preserving the complexion of her body, and for the needs in doing whatever she wished, being easy to move in and youthful, and on the whole, such grace was upon it that later, when the Medes ruled Asia, they wore the dress of Semiramis, and after these, likewise the Persians.
§2.6.7παραγενομένη δʼ εἰς τὴν Βακτριανὴν καὶ κατασκεψαμένη τὰ περὶ τὴν πολιορκίαν, ἑώρα κατὰ μὲν τὰ πεδία καὶ τοὺς εὐεφόδους τῶν τόπων προσβολὰς γινομένας, πρὸς δὲ τὴν ἀκρόπολιν οὐδένα προσιόντα διὰ τὴν ὀχυρότητα, καὶ τοὺς ἔνδον ἀπολελοιπότας τὰς ἐνταῦθα φυλακὰς καὶ παραβοηθοῦντας τοῖς ἐπὶ τῶν κάτω τειχῶν κινδυνεύουσι.
Having arrived in Bactriana and observed the things concerning the siege, she saw that while attacks were being made in the plains and the easily accessible places, no one approached the acropolis because of its strength, and that those inside had abandoned the guards there and were helping those in danger at the lower walls.
§2.6.8διόπερ παραλαβοῦσα τῶν στρατιωτῶν τοὺς πετροβατεῖν εἰωθότας, καὶ μετὰ τούτων διά τινος χαλεπῆς φάραγγος προσαναβᾶσα, κατελάβετο μέρος τῆς ἀκροπόλεως καὶ τοῖς πολιορκοῦσι τὸ κατὰ τὸ πεδίον τεῖχος ἐσήμηνεν.
Therefore, taking along those of the soldiers accustomed to scaling cliffs, and having ascended with them through a difficult ravine, she seized a part of the acropolis and signaled to those besieging the wall by the plain.
οἱ δʼ ἔνδον ἐπὶ τῇ καταλήψει τῆς ἄκρας καταπλαγέντες ἐξέλιπον τὰ τείχη καὶ τὴν σωτηρίαν ἀπέγνωσαν.
Those inside, astounded by the capture of the citadel, abandoned the walls and despaired of safety.
§2.6.9τοῦτον δὲ τὸν τρόπον ἁλούσης τῆς πόλεως ὁ βασιλεὺς θαυμάσας τὴν ἀρετὴν τῆς γυναικὸς τὸ μὲν πρῶτον μεγάλαις δωρεαῖς αὐτὴν ἐτίμησε, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα διὰ τὸ κάλλος τῆς ἀνθρώπου σχὼν ἐρωτικῶς ἐπεχείρησε τὸν ἄνδρα πείθειν ἑκουσίως αὐτῷ παραχωρῆσαι, ἐπαγγειλάμενος ἀντὶ ταύτης τῆς χάριτος αὐτῷ συνοικιεῖν τὴν ἰδίαν θυγατέρα Σωσάνην.
When the city was taken in this manner, the king, marveling at the excellence of the woman, at first honored her with great gifts, but afterwards, because of the beauty of the woman having fallen passionately in love, he attempted to persuade her husband to yield her to him voluntarily, promising in return for this favor to marry to him his own daughter Sosane.
§2.6.10δυσχερῶς δʼ αὐτοῦ φέροντος, ἠπείλησεν ἐκκόψειν τὰς ὁράσεις μὴ προχείρως ὑπηρετοῦντος τοῖς προστάγμασιν.
But since he took it hard, the king threatened to gouge out his eyes if he did not readily submit to the orders.
ὁ δὲ Ὄννης ἅμα μὲν τὰς τοῦ βασιλέως ἀπειλὰς δείσας, ἅμα δὲ διὰ τὸν ἔρωτα περιπεσὼν λύττῃ τινὶ καὶ μανίᾳ, βρόχον ἑαυτῷ περιθεὶς ἀνεκρέμασε.
And Onnes, partly fearing the threats of the king, and partly because of his love falling into a kind of madness and frenzy, put a noose around himself and hanged himself.
Σεμίραμις μὲν οὖν διὰ τοιαύτας αἰτίας εἰς βασιλικὸν ἦλθε πρόσχημα.
Semiramis, then, for such reasons came to the royal dignity.

Notes

  1. 2.6.1δυσειδβόλων τῶν τόπων καὶ στενῶν ὄντων — A genitive absolute construction expressing cause. The subject of the participle ὄντων is τῶν τόπων, which is distinct from the subject of the main clause (ὁ Νίνος). Some manuscripts read δυσεισβόλων, meaning "difficult of entry".
  2. 2.6.3ἔδοξεν ἱκανὸν ἀποβεβηκέναι τῶν πολεμίων πλῆθος — The accusative and infinitive clause ἱκανὸν ἀποβεβηκέναι τῶν πολεμίων πλῆθος acts as the subject of the impersonal verb ἔδοξεν ("it seemed / was decided"). The subject of the perfect infinitive ἀποβεβηκέναι is the accusative ἱκανὸν ... πλῆθος.
  3. 2.6.6διʼ ἧς οὐκ ἦν διαγνῶναι — The verb of existence ἦν is used impersonally to denote possibility ("it was possible"), taking the active infinitive διαγνῶναι. Combined with the negative οὐκ, it means "through which it was not possible to discern".
  4. 2.6.10μὴ προχείρως ὑπηρετοῦντος τοῖς προστάγμασιν — A genitive absolute construction where the participle ὑπηρετοῦντος negated by μή instead of οὐ functions conditionally ("if he should not readily submit to the orders").

Cite this passage

Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica §2.6.1-2.6.10. Humanitext Reader, https://reader.humanitext.ai/en/text/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0060.tlg001.humanitext-grc5:2.6.1-2.6.10

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