§2.40.1τὸ δὲ πᾶν πλῆθος τῶν Ἰνδῶν εἰς ἑπτὰ μέρη διῄρηται, ὧν ἐστι τὸ μὲν πρῶτον σύστημα φιλοσόφων, πλήθει μὲν τῶν ἄλλων μερῶν λειπόμενον, τῇ δʼ ἐπιφανείᾳ πάντων πρωτεῦον.
The whole population of the Indians is divided into seven parts, of which the first is the order of the philosophers, which, though inferior in number to the other parts, is first of all in prestige.
ἀλειτούργητοι γὰρ ὄντες οἱ φιλόσοφοι πάσης ὑπουργίας οὔθʼ ἑτέρων κυριεύουσιν οὔθʼ ὑφʼ ἑτέρων δεσπόζονται.
For the philosophers, being exempt from all public services, neither rule over others nor are ruled by others.
§2.40.2παραλαμβάνονται δʼ ὑπὸ μὲν τῶν ἰδιωτῶν εἴς τε τὰς ἐν τῷ βίῳ θυσίας καὶ εἰς τὰς τῶν τετελευτηκότων ἐπιμελείας, ὡς θεοῖς γεγονότες προσφιλέστατοι καὶ περὶ τῶν ἐν ᾅδου μάλιστʼ ἐμπείρως ἔχοντες, ταύτης τε τῆς ὑπουργίας δῶρά τε καὶ τιμὰς λαμβάνουσιν ἀξιολόγους·
They are engaged by private individuals both for the sacrifices in life and for the care of the deceased, on the ground that they are most dear to the gods and possess the greatest expertise concerning the things in Hades; and for this service they receive remarkable gifts and honors.
τῷ δὲ κοινῷ τῶν Ἰνδῶν μεγάλας παρέχονται χρείας παραλαμβανόμενοι μὲν κατὰ τὸ νέον ἔτος ἐπὶ τὴν μεγάλην σύνοδον, προλέγοντες δὲ τοῖς πλήθεσι περὶ αὐχμῶν καὶ ἐπομβρίας, ἔτι δʼ ἀνέμων εὐπνοίας καὶ νόσων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τῶν δυναμένων τοὺς ἀκούοντας ὠφελῆσαι.
To the common state of the Indians they also render great services when they are gathered at the beginning of the new year for the great assembly, foretelling to the multitudes concerning droughts and excessive rains, and furthermore of favorable winds and diseases, and other things capable of benefiting the hearers.
§2.40.3τὰ μέλλοντα γὰρ προακούσαντες οἵ τε πολλοὶ καὶ ὁ βασιλεὺς ἐκπληροῦσιν ἀεὶ τὸ μέλλον ἐκλείπειν καὶ προκατασκευάζουσιν ἀεί τι τῶν χρησίμων.
For both the common people and the king, having heard beforehand what is to happen, always supply what is about to fall short and always prepare in advance something useful.
ὁ δʼ ἀποτυχὼν τῶν φιλοσόφων ἐν ταῖς προρρήσεσιν ἄλλην μὲν οὐδεμίαν ἀναδέχεται τιμωρίαν ἢ βλασφημίαν, §2.40.4ἄφωνος δὲ διατελεῖ τὸν λοιπὸν βίον.
But any of the philosophers who fails in his prophecies undergoes no other punishment or censure than this, that he must pass the rest of his life in silence.
δεύτερον δʼ ἐστὶ μέρος τὸ τῶν γεωργῶν, οἳ τῷ πλήθει τῶν ἄλλων πολὺ προέχειν δοκοῦσιν.
The second part is that of the husbandmen, who appear to far surpass the others in number.
οὗτοι δὲ πολέμων καὶ τῆς ἄλλης λειτουργίας ἀφειμένοι περὶ τὰς γεωργίας ἀσχολοῦνται· καὶ οὐδεὶς ἂν πολέμιος περιτυχὼν γεωργῷ κατὰ τὴν χώραν ἀδικήσειεν ἄν, ἀλλʼ ὡς κοινοὺς εὐεργέτας ἡγούμενοι πάσης ἀδικίας ἀπέχονται.
These, being exempt from military service and other public duties, devote themselves to agriculture; and no enemy, coming upon a husbandman in the countryside, would ever do him harm, but, regarding them as common benefactors, they refrain from all injustice.
§2.40.5διόπερ ἀδιάφθορος ἡ χώρα διαμένουσα καὶ καρποῖς βρίθουσα πολλὴν ἀπόλαυσιν παρέχεται τῶν ἐπιτηδείων τοῖς ἀνθρώποις.
Therefore the land, remaining undamaged and heavy with crops, provides the people with an abundant enjoyment of provisions.
βιοῦσι δʼ ἐπὶ τῆς χώρας μετὰ τέκνων καὶ γυναικῶν οἱ γεωργοί, καὶ τῆς εἰς τὴν πόλιν καταβάσεως παντελῶς ἀφεστήκασι.
The husbandmen dwell in the countryside with their children and wives, and completely hold aloof from going down into the city.
τῆς δὲ χώρας μισθοὺς τελοῦσι τῷ βασιλεῖ διὰ τὸ πᾶσαν τὴν Ἰνδικὴν βασιλικὴν εἶναι, ἰδιώτῃ δὲ μηδενὶ γῆν ἐξεῖναι κεκτῆσθαι· χωρὶς δὲ τῆς μισθώσεως τετάρτην εἰς τὸ βασιλικὸν τελοῦσι.
They pay rent for the land to the king, because the whole of India is royal property, and no private person is allowed to own land; and besides the rent, they pay a fourth part into the royal treasury.
§2.40.6τρίτον δʼ ἐστὶ φῦλον τὸ τῶν βουκόλων καὶ ποιμένων καὶ καθόλου πάντων τῶν νομέων, οἳ πόλιν μὲν ἢ κώμην οὐκ οἰκοῦσι, σκηνίτῃ δὲ βίῳ χρῶνται, οἱ δʼ αὐτοὶ καὶ κυνηγοῦντες καθαρὰν ποιοῦσι τὴν χώραν ὀρνέων τε καὶ θηρίων.
The third class is that of the herdsmen and shepherds, and in general of all pastors, who dwell neither in cities nor in villages, but lead a nomadic life in tents; and these, by also hunting, clear the country of birds and wild beasts.
εἰς ταῦτα δʼ ἀσκοῦντες καὶ φιλοτεχνοῦντες ἐξημεροῦσι τὴν Ἰνδικήν, πλήθουσαν πολλῶν καὶ παντοδαπῶν θηρίων τε καὶ ὀρνέων τῶν κατεσθιόντων τὰ σπέρματα τῶν γεωργῶν.
By practicing and taking pains in this, they reclaim the land of India, which abounds with many and diverse wild beasts and birds that devour the seeds of the husbandmen.