§1.96.1τούτων δʼ ἡμῖν διευκρινημένων ῥητέον ὅσοι τῶν παρʼ Ἕλλησι δεδοξασμένων ἐπὶ συνέσει καὶ παιδείᾳ παρέβαλον εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἐν τοῖς ἀρχαίοις χρόνοις, ἵνα τῶν ἐνταῦθα νομίμων καὶ τῆς παιδείας μετάσχωσιν.
These matters having been clarified by us, we must speak of all those among the Greeks who were famous for their intelligence and education and who visited Egypt in ancient times, so that they might share in the laws and education of this place.
§1.96.2οἱ γὰρ ἱερεῖς τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ἱστοροῦσιν ἐκ τῶν ἀναγραφῶν τῶν ἐν ταῖς ἱεραῖς βίβλοις παραβαλεῖν πρὸς ἑαυτοὺς τὸ παλαιὸν Ὀρφέα τε καὶ Μουσαῖον καὶ Μελάμποδα καὶ Δαίδαλον, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις Ὅμηρόν τε τὸν ποιητὴν καὶ Λυκοῦργον τὸν Σπαρτιάτην, ἔτι δὲ Σόλωνα τὸν Ἀθηναῖον καὶ Πλάτωνα τὸν φιλόσοφον, ἐλθεῖν δὲ καὶ Πυθαγόραν τὸν Σάμιον καὶ τὸν μαθηματικὸν Εὔδοξον, ἔτι δὲ Δημόκριτον τὸν Ἀβδηρίτην καὶ Οἰνοπίδην τὸν Χῖον.
For the priests of Egypt relate from the records in their sacred books that in ancient times Orpheus, Musaeus, Melampus, and Daedalus visited them, and in addition to these, Homer the poet and Lycurgus the Spartan, and furthermore Solon the Athenian and Plato the philosopher, and that Pythagoras of Samos and Eudoxus the mathematician also came, and furthermore Democritus of Abdera and Oenopides of Chios.
§1.96.3πάντων δὲ τούτων σημεῖα δεικνύουσι τῶν μὲν εἰκόνας, τῶν δὲ τόπων ἢ κατασκευασμάτων ὁμωνύμους προσηγορίας, ἔκ τε τῆς ἑκάστῳ ζηλωθείσης παιδείας ἀποδείξεις φέρουσι, συνιστάντες ἐξ Αἰγύπτου μετενηνέχθαι πάντα διʼ ὧν παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐθαυμάσθησαν.
And of all these men they point to proofs, showing statues of some, and of others, places or buildings bearing names identical with theirs, and they bring proofs from the education which each of them zealously pursued, establishing that all the things for which they were admired among the Greeks were transferred from Egypt.
§1.96.4Ὀρφέα μὲν γὰρ τῶν μυστικῶν τελετῶν τὰ πλεῖστα καὶ τὰ περὶ τὴν ἑαυτοῦ πλάνην ὀργιαζόμενα καὶ τὴν τῶν ἐν ᾅδου μυθοποιίαν ἀπενέγκασθαι.
For they say that Orpheus brought back most of the mystic rites, and the ceremonies performed in connection with his own wanderings, and the mythology concerning those in Hades.
§1.96.5τὴν μὲν γὰρ Ὀσίριδος τελετὴν τῇ Διονύσου τὴν αὐτὴν εἶναι, τὴν δὲ τῆς Ἴσιδος τῇ τῆς Δήμητρος ὁμοιοτάτην ὑπάρχειν, τῶν ὀνομάτων μόνων ἐνηλλαγμένων· τὰς δὲ τῶν ἀσεβῶν ἐν ᾅδου τιμωρίας καὶ τοὺς τῶν εὐσεβῶν λειμῶνας καὶ τὰς παρὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς εἰδωλοποιίας ἀναπεπλασμένας παρεισαγαγεῖν μιμησάμενον τὰ γινόμενα περὶ τὰς ταφὰς τὰς κατʼ Αἴγυπτον.
For the rite of Osiris is the same as that of Dionysus, and that of Isis is extremely similar to that of Demeter, the names alone having been changed; and they say that he introduced the punishments of the impious in Hades, the meadows of the pious, and the fabricated depictions of shades common among the many, in imitation of the practices concerning burials in Egypt.
§1.96.6τὸν μὲν γὰρ ψυχοπομπὸν Ἑρμῆν κατὰ τὸ παλαιὸν νόμιμον παρʼ Αἰγυπτίοις ἀναγαγόντα τὸ τοῦ Ἄπιδος σῶμα μέχρι τινὸς παραδιδόναι τῷ περικειμένῳ τὴν τοῦ Κερβέρου προτομήν.
For according to the ancient custom among the Egyptians, Hermes, the conductor of souls, having brought up the body of Apis, delivers it up to a certain point to the one who wears the mask of Cerberus.
τοῦ δʼ Ὀρφέως τοῦτο καταδείξαντος παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησι τὸν Ὅμηρον ἀκολούθως τούτῳ θεῖναι κατὰ τὴν ποίησιν
"Ἑρμῆς δὲ ψυχὰς Κυλλήνιος ἐξεκαλεῖτο ἀνδρῶν μνηστήρων, ἔχε δὲ ῥάβδον μετὰ χερσίν. "
εἶτα πάλιν ὑποβάντα λέγειν
"πὰρ δʼ ἴσαν Ὠκεανοῦ τε ῥοὰς καὶ Λευκάδα πέτρην, ἠδὲ παρʼ Ἠελίοιο πύλας καὶ δῆμον Ὀνείρων ἤισαν· αἶψα δʼ ἵκοντο κατʼ ἀσφοδελὸν λειμῶνα, ἔνθα τε ναίουσι ψυχαί, εἴδωλα καμόντων. " §1.96.7ὠκεανὸν μὲν οὖν καλεῖν τὸν ποταμὸν διὰ τὸ τοὺς Αἰγυπτίους κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν διάλεκτον Ὠκεανὸν λέγειν τὸν Νεῖλον, Ἡλίου δὲ πύλας τὴν πόλιν τὴν τῶν Ἡλιοπολιτῶν, λειμῶνα δʼ ὀνομάζειν, τὴν μυθολογουμένην οἴκησιν τῶν μετηλλαχότων, τὸν παρὰ τὴν λίμνην τόπον τὴν καλουμένην μὲν Ἀχερουσίαν, πλησίον δὲ οὖσαν τῆς Μέμφεως, ὄντων περὶ αὐτὴν λειμώνων καλλίστων, ἕλους καὶ λωτοῦ καὶ καλάμου.
And when Orpheus had pointed this out among the Greeks, Homer, following him, wrote in his poetry: 'And Cyllenian Hermes called forth the souls of the suitors, and he held a wand in his hands.' And then, going a little further down, he says: 'And they passed by the streams of Oceanus and the Leucadian rock, and they went by the gates of the Sun and the land of Dreams; and quickly they came to the meadow of asphodel, where dwell the souls, the phantoms of those whose labor is ended.' Now he calls the river 'Oceanus' because the Egyptians in their own language call the Nile 'Oceanus'; and by 'gates of the Sun' he means the city of the Heliopolitans; and he names as 'meadow,' the mythologically reported dwelling place of the departed, the place beside the lake called Acherusia, which is near Memphis, there being around it extremely beautiful meadows of marsh, lotus, and reed.
ἀκολούθως δʼ εἰρῆσθαι καὶ τὸ κατοικεῖν τοὺς τελευτήσαντας ἐν τούτοις τοῖς τόποις διὰ τὸ τὰς τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ταφὰς τὰς πλείστας καὶ μεγίστας ἐνταῦθα γίνεσθαι, διαπορθμευομένων μὲν τῶν νεκρῶν διά τε τοῦ ποταμοῦ καὶ τῆς Ἀχερουσίας λίμνης, τιθεμένων δὲ τῶν σωμάτων εἰς τὰς ἐνταῦθα κειμένας θήκας.
And it is said consistently with this that the deceased dwell in these places because the most and greatest of the Egyptian burials take place here, the dead being ferried across both the river and the Acherusian lake, and the bodies being placed in the tombs situated there.
§1.96.8συμφωνεῖν δὲ καὶ τἄλλα τὰ παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησι καθʼ ᾅδου μυθολογούμενα τοῖς ἔτι νῦν γινομένοις κατʼ Αἴγυπτον· τὸ μὲν γὰρ διακομίζον τὰ σώματα πλοῖον βᾶριν καλεῖσθαι, τὸ δʼ ἐπίβαθρον τῷ πορθμεῖ δίδοσθαι, καλουμένῳ κατὰ τὴν ἐγχώριον διάλεκτον χάρωνι. §1.96.9εἶναι δὲ λέγουσι πλησίον τῶν τόπων τούτων καὶ σκοτίας Ἑκάτης ἱερὸν καὶ πύλας Κωκυτοῦ καὶ Λήθης διειλημμένας χαλκοῖς ὀχεῦσιν. ὑπάρχειν δὲ καὶ ἄλλας πύλας Ἀληθείας, καὶ πλησίον τούτων εἴδωλον ἀκέφαλον ἑστάναι Δίκης.
And they say that the other things mythologized among the Greeks concerning Hades also agree with the practices still performed even now in Egypt; for the boat which carries the bodies is called 'baris,' and the fare is given to the ferryman, who in the local language is called 'Charon.' And they say that near these places there is also a temple of dark Hecate, and gates of Cocytus and Lethe secured with bronze bars; and that there exists also another gate, of Truth, and near this stands a headless statue of Justice.