§1.81.1παιδεύουσι δὲ τοὺς υἱοὺς οἱ μὲν ἱερεῖς γράμματα διττά, τά τε ἱερὰ καλούμενα καὶ τὰ κοινοτέραν ἔχοντα τὴν μάθησιν. γεωμετρίαν δὲ καὶ τὴν ἀριθμητικὴν ἐπὶ πλέον ἐκπονοῦσιν. §1.81.2ὁ μὲν γὰρ ποταμὸς κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ποικίλως μετασχηματίζων τὴν χώραν πολλὰς καὶ παντοίας ἀμφισβητήσεις ποιεῖ περὶ τῶν ὅρων τοῖς γειτνιῶσι, ταύτας δʼ οὐ ῥᾴδιον ἀκριβῶς ἐξελέγξαι μὴ γεωμέτρου τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐκ τῆς ἐμπειρίας μεθοδεύσαντος. §1.81.3ἡ δʼ ἀριθμητικὴ πρός τε τὰς κατὰ τὸν βίον οἰκονομίας αὐτοῖς χρησιμεύει καὶ πρὸς τὰ γεωμετρίας θεωρήματα, πρὸς δὲ τούτοις οὐκ ὀλίγα συμβάλλεται καὶ τοῖς τὰ περὶ τὴν ἀστρολογίαν ἐκπονοῦσιν. §1.81.4ἐπιμελοῦς γὰρ, εἰ καὶ παρά τισιν ἄλλοις, καὶ παρʼ Αἰγυπτίοις παρατηρήσεως τυγχάνουσιν αἱ τῶν ἄστρων τάξεις τε καὶ κινήσεις· καὶ τὰς μὲν περὶ ἑκάστων ἀναγραφὰς ἐξ ἐτῶν ἀπίστων τῷ πλήθει φυλάττουσιν, ἐκ παλαιῶν χρόνων ἐζηλωμένης παρʼ αὐτοῖς τῆς περὶ ταῦτα σπουδῆς, τὰς δὲ τῶν πλανήτων ἀστέρων κινήσεις καὶ περιόδους καὶ στηριγμούς, ἔτι δὲ τὰς ἑκάστου δυνάμεις πρὸς τὰς τῶν ζῴων γενέσεις, τίνων εἰσὶν ἀγαθῶν ἢ κακῶν ἀπεργαστικαί, φιλοτιμότατα παρατετηρήκασι. §1.81.5καὶ πολλάκις μὲν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις τῶν αὐτοῖς μελλόντων ἀπαντήσεσθαι κατὰ τὸν βίον προλέγοντες ἐπιτυγχάνουσιν, οὐκ ὀλιγάκις δὲ καρπῶν φθορὰς ἢ τοὐναντίον πολυκαρπίας, ἔτι δὲ νόσους κοινὰς ἀνθρώποις ἢ βοσκήμασιν ἐσομένας προσημαίνουσι, σεισμούς τε καὶ κατακλυσμοὺς καὶ κομητῶν ἀστέρων ἐπιτολὰς καὶ πάντα τὰ τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀδύνατον ἔχειν δοκοῦντα τὴν ἐπίγνωσιν, ἐκ πολλοῦ χρόνου παρατηρήσεως γεγενημένης, προγινώσκουσι. §1.81.6φασὶ δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἐν Βαβυλῶνι Χαλδαίους, ἀποίκους Αἰγυπτίων ὄντας, τὴν δόξαν ἔχειν τὴν περὶ τῆς ἀστρολογίας παρὰ τῶν ἱερέων μαθόντας τῶν Αἰγυπτίων. §1.81.7τὸ δʼ ἄλλο πλῆθος τῶν Αἰγυπτίων ἐκ παίδων μανθάνει παρὰ τῶν πατέρων ἢ συγγενῶν τὰς περὶ ἕκαστον βίον ἐπιτηδεύσεις, καθάπερ προειρήκαμεν.
As for the priests, they teach their sons two kinds of writings, both that which is called sacred and that which has a more common learning; and they cultivate geometry and arithmetic to a greater extent. For the river, by changing the shape of the land in various ways each year, causes many disputes of all kinds concerning the boundaries among the neighbors, and it is not easy to determine these accurately unless a geometer traces out the truth from experience. And arithmetic is useful to them both for the management of life and for the theorems of geometry, and besides these, it contributes not a little also to those who cultivate astrology. For the arrangements and movements of the stars receive careful observation among the Egyptians, if indeed also among any other people; and they preserve the records concerning each of them for an incredible number of years, since their zeal for these things has been emulated from ancient times; and they have observed most diligently the movements and periods and stations of the planets, and furthermore the powers of each with respect to the births of living beings, what good or evil things they are productive of. And often they succeed in foretelling to people what is going to happen to them in their life, and not infrequently they predict failures of crops or, on the contrary, abundance of crops, and furthermore diseases that are going to be common to humans or cattle, and they foreknow earthquakes and floods and the risings of comets, and all things that seem to the majority of people to be impossible to have knowledge of, since their observation has been carried on for a long time. And they say that the Chaldeans in Babylon, being colonists of the Egyptians, have their reputation concerning astrology because they learned it from the priests of the Egyptians. But the rest of the multitude of the Egyptians learn from childhood from their fathers or relatives the practices concerning each trade, as we have said before.
γράμματα δʼ ἐπʼ ὀλίγον διδάσκουσιν οὐχ ἅπαντες, ἀλλʼ οἱ τὰς τέχνας μεταχειριζόμενοι μάλιστα.
But they do not all teach letters to any great extent, but especially those who practice the crafts.
παλαίστραν δὲ καὶ μουσικὴν οὐ νόμιμόν ἐστι παρʼ αὐτοῖς μανθάνειν· ὑπολαμβάνουσι γὰρ ἐκ μὲν τῶν καθʼ ἡμέραν ἐν τῇ παλαίστρᾳ γυμνασίων τοὺς νέους οὐχ ὑγίειαν ἕξειν, ἀλλὰ ῥώμην ὀλιγοχρόνιον καὶ παντελῶς ἐπικίνδυνον, τὴν δὲ μουσικὴν νομίζουσιν οὐ μόνον ἄχρηστον ὑπάρχειν, ἀλλὰ καὶ βλαβεράν, ὡς ἐκθηλύνουσαν τὰς τῶν ἀκουόντων ψυχάς.
And it is not customary among them to learn wrestling-schools and music; for they believe that from the daily exercises in the wrestling-school the young men will not gain health, but a short-lived and altogether dangerous strength, and they consider music not only to be useless, but even harmful, as making effeminate the souls of those who listen.