§1.30.1ἡ γὰρ Αἴγυπτος κεῖται μὲν μάλιστά πως κατὰ μεσημβρίαν, ὀχυρότητι δὲ φυσικῇ καὶ κάλλει χώρας οὐκ ὀλίγῳ δοκεῖ προέχειν τῶν εἰς βασιλείαν ἀφωρισμένων τόπων.
For Egypt lies situated indeed more or less towards the south, and in its natural strength and the beauty of its land, it seems to excel in no small degree the places set apart for kingdoms.
§1.30.2ἀπὸ μὲν γὰρ τῆς δύσεως ὠχύρωκεν αὐτὴν ἡ ἔρημος καὶ θηριώδης τῆς Λιβύης, ἐπὶ πολὺ μὲν παρεκτείνουσα, διὰ δὲ τὴν ἀνυδρίαν καὶ τὴν σπάνιν τῆς ἁπάσης τροφῆς ἔχουσα τὴν διέξοδον οὐ μόνον ἐπίπονον, ἀλλὰ καὶ παντελῶς ἐπικίνδυνον· ἐκ δὲ τῶν πρὸς νότον μερῶν οἵ τε καταράκται τοῦ Νείλου καὶ τῶν ὀρῶν τὰ συνορίζοντα τούτοις·
For on the west, the desert and beast-infested part of Libya has fortified it, extending over a great distance, and because of the lack of water and the scarcity of all food, it makes passage through it not only laborious but also completely dangerous; and from the parts towards the south, both the cataracts of the Nile and the mountains bordering on these (fortify it).
§1.30.3ἀπὸ γὰρ τῆς Τρωγλοδυτικῆς καὶ τῶν ἐσχάτων τῆς Αἰθιοπίας μερῶν ἐντὸς σταδίων πεντακισχιλίων καὶ πεντακοσίων οὔτε πλεῦσαι διὰ τοῦ ποταμοῦ ῥᾴδιον οὔτε πεζῇ πορευθῆναι μὴ τυχόντα βασιλικῆς ἢ παντελῶς μεγάλης τινὸς χορηγίας.
For from the Troglodyte country and the extreme parts of Ethiopia, within a distance of five thousand five hundred stades, it is neither easy to sail through the river nor to journey on foot, without obtaining royal or some completely large supply.
§1.30.4τῶν δὲ πρὸς τὴν ἀνατολὴν νευόντων μερῶν τὰ μὲν ὁ ποταμὸς ὠχύρωκε, τὰ δʼ ἔρημος περιέχει καὶ πεδία τελματώδη τὰ προσαγορευόμενα Βάραθρα.
And of the parts turning towards the east, some the river has fortified, and others are surrounded by the desert and the marshy plains which are called the Barathra (the Gulfs).
ἔστι γὰρ ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς Κοίλης Συρίας καὶ τῆς Αἰγύπτου λίμνη τῷ μὲν πλάτει στενὴ παντελῶς, τῷ δὲ βάθει θαυμάσιος, τὸ δὲ μῆκος ἐπὶ διακοσίους παρήκουσα σταδίους, ἣ προσαγορεύεται μὲν Σερβωνίς, τοῖς δʼ ἀπείροις τῶν προσπελαζόντων ἀνελπίστους ἐπιφέρει κινδύνους.
For there is between Coele-Syria and Egypt a lake, completely narrow in its width, but marvelous in its depth, and extending in length for two hundred stades, which is called Serbonis, and brings unexpected dangers to those who approach it without experience.
§1.30.5στενοῦ γὰρ τοῦ ῥεύματος ὄντος καὶ ταινίᾳ παραπλησίου, θινῶν τε μεγάλων πάντῃ περικεχυμένων, ἐπειδὰν νότοι συνεχεῖς πνεύσωσιν, ἐπισείεται πλῆθος ἅμμου.
For since the channel is narrow and similar to a ribbon, and great sand dunes are poured around it on every side, whenever continuous south winds blow, a multitude of sand is swept over it.
§1.30.6αὕτη δὲ τὸ μὲν ὕδωρ κατὰ τὴν ἐπιφάνειαν ἄσημον ποιεῖ, τὸν δὲ τῆς λίμνης τύπον συμφυῆ τῇ χέρσῳ καὶ κατὰ πᾶν ἀδιάγνωστον.
And this sand makes the water invisible on the surface, and renders the shape of the lake continuous with the dry land and in every way indistinguishable.
διὸ καὶ πολλοὶ τῶν ἀγνοούντων τὴν ἰδιότητα τοῦ τόπου μετὰ στρατευμάτων ὅλων ἠφανίσθησαν τῆς ὑποκειμένης ὁδοῦ διαμαρτόντες.
Therefore, many of those who were ignorant of the peculiar nature of the place disappeared along with entire armies, having missed the underlying road.
§1.30.7ἡ μὲν γὰρ ἅμμος ἐκ τοῦ κατʼ ὀλίγον πατουμένη τὴν ἔνδοσιν λαμβάνει, καὶ τοὺς ἐπιβάλλοντας ὥσπερ προνοίᾳ τινὶ πονηρᾷ παρακρούεται, μέχρι ἂν ὅτου λαβόντες ὑπόνοιαν τοῦ συμβησομένου βοηθήσωσιν ἑαυτοῖς, οὐκ οὔσης ἔτι φυγῆς οὐδὲ σωτηρίας.
For the sand, when trodden upon little by little, gives way and deceives those who step upon it as if by some evil design, until they, having conceived a suspicion of what is about to happen, try to help themselves, when there is no longer any escape or safety.
§1.30.8ὁ γὰρ ὑπὸ τοῦ τέλματος καταπινόμενος οὔτε νήχεσθαι δύναται, παραιρουμένης τῆς ἰλύος τὴν τοῦ σώματος κίνησιν, οὔτʼ ἐκβῆναι κατισχύει, μηδὲν ἔχων στερέμνιον εἰς ἐπίβασιν· μεμιγμένης γὰρ τῆς ἅμμου τοῖς ὑγροῖς, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τῆς ἑκατέρων φύσεως ἠλλοιωμένης, συμβαίνει τὸν τόπον μήτε πορευτὸν εἶναι μήτε πλωτόν.
For the one who is swallowed up by the marsh is neither able to swim, since the mud takes away the movement of the body, nor strong enough to climb out, having nothing solid to step upon; for since the sand is mixed with the moisture, and because of this the nature of each has been altered, it happens that the place is neither passable on foot nor navigable.
§1.30.9διόπερ οἱ τοῖς μέρεσι τούτοις ἐπιβάλλοντες φερόμενοι πρὸς τὸν βυθὸν οὐδεμίαν ἀντίληψιν βοηθείας ἔχουσι, συγκατολισθανούσης τῆς ἅμμου τῆς παρὰ τὰ χείλη.
Therefore, those who step into these parts, being carried toward the depth, have no grasp of help, as the sand along the edges slides down with them.
τὰ μὲν οὖν προειρημένα πεδία τοιαύτην ἔχοντα τὴν φύσιν οἰκείας ἔτυχε προσηγορίας, ὀνομασθέντα Βάραθρα.
Thus the aforementioned plains, having such a nature, obtained a fitting name, being called Barathra.